Coccau
| Coccau | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Goggau Church | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| region | Friuli Venezia Giulia | ||
| local community | Tarvisio | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 31 ' N , 13 ° 37' E | ||
| height | 672 m slm | ||
| patron | Nicholas of Myra | ||
| Church day | 6th of December | ||
| Telephone code | 0428 | CAP | 33018 |
Coccau ( Friulian : Cocau , German : Goggau , Slovenian : Kokova ) is a fraction of the municipality of Tarvisio in the Italian Canal Valley . The village is divided into a Coccau di Sotto ( Friulian : Cocau di sot , Untergoggau ) and a Coccau di Sopra ( Friulian : Cocau di sore , Obergoggau) and is located near the Austrian border. The place name goes back to the Slovenian kokava for stony gorge , which, deep below the village, was a popular tourist attraction until the end of the Habsburg monarchy .
Coccau di Sotto (Untergoggau)
Four generations of roads - the Roman road Via Julia Augusta , the old main road, the new state road 13 and the A23 motorway - have left their mark on the elongated settlement. Since the motorway has taken over the majority of the traffic flow, most of the shops that lived from through traffic have closed.
Coccau di Sopra (Obergoggau)
Obergoggau lies on a hill halfway between Thörl and Tarvisio. Road and rail traffic passes in two tunnels below the village resting on a mountain shoulder. In this section of the valley, the motorway runs underground on the other side of the valley.
population
141 people currently live in Coccau. In 1918 there were 509 residents, in 1936 409. The majority of the population was once German-speaking. Older residents still speak an old Carinthian dialect today. The residents lived from agriculture. There were inns and innumerable small shops, especially in Untergoggau, that benefited from the constant through traffic on Strada Statale 13. In individual cases there is a tendency to return to old regional or local traditions, even among the young people of the canal valley. Corresponding developments can be seen in some villages, including Coccau.
Nature and sights
Between Tarvisio and Coccau, the Gailitz has dug deep into the valley floor. The Schlitzaklamm could be climbed up to the First World War and was a popular destination. Even today, anyone who descends from Coccau to Gailitz finds themselves suddenly in a spectacular river landscape.
Coccau, although close to a major European artery, leads a life of relative seclusion. Only when the wind is unfavorable does the traffic noise boom up from the valley.
history
Due to its location on the old Roman road, it can be assumed that the first settlements in Goggau took place at the latest during the time of the Roman Empire , but probably already during the Celtic Kingdom of Noricum . The Romans were the Noriker's most important trading partner. Settlements on the highways have always been popular due to the opportunities for additional income. The first written mention of a very small place called Kogoue was around 1260/1264. Ecclesiastically, the place belonged to the jurisdiction of the archdeacon of Villach and until 1751 to the patriarchate of Aquileia . Until 1745 Goggau was a side church of the parish Göriach / Gorje in the Gailtal , just like Hohenthurn and Thörl-Maglern, all of which belonged to the Arnoldstein monastery . Since 1754 the parish was allowed to take on civil law tasks. From 1783 the parish belongs to the diocese of Gurk . After the First World War, the place came to the Archdiocese of Gorizia and finally from 1933 to the Diocese of Udine. Since 1986 Goggau belongs to the parish of Tarvisio. The parish of Goggau also includes the areas of Boscoverde, San Antonio and Rutte.
From 1007 onwards, the area was subordinate to the Archdiocese of Bamberg , when King Heinrich II donated large parts of Upper Carinthia and the Canal Valley to the emerging diocese. From 1759 at the time of Maria Theresa , the Canal Valley came to the Austrian Habsburgs . In 1918, at the end of the First World War , the Canal Valley fell to Italy as a war gain. Now Coccau became the new border town between Carinthia and Italy instead of Pontebba / Pontafel.
Church of San Nicolò di Coccau
According to legend, a rich pilgrim named Nicolo Koggau was on his way to Italy around the year 815 and was attacked by bandits. He made a vow that a chapel would be built on the site if he could safely continue the journey. The saint of the founder's baptismal name was chosen as the patron saint of the altar. In Coccau there is the church of San Nicolò di Coccau (built around 1100) with frescoes by an unknown Austrian painter from Giotto's school . The depiction of the Three Wise Men are also impressive, but they are attributed to a different master.
Battle of the Goggauerfeld 1478
In the fields around Goggau on July 26th, 1478 Turkish punder troops, about 20,000 Akindschi , met about 530 farmers and 70 miners from Bleiberg on their way from Predil to the north . The meeting of well-equipped professional soldiers with amateur armed farmers ended tragically. 300 farmers "bled to death unknown and unnamed". They were the remainder of the 3,000 originally gathered around Goggau who had not fled into the woods and who wanted to stand against the Ottomans out of anger and defiance . Since 1473 there had already been two Turkish invasions in Carinthia . The secular and spiritual landlords could not oppose the equestrian people militarily and holed up in their fortresses. Since the Turks did not stay long with fortified cities and castles, it was above all the rural people who were defenselessly at the mercy of the "racers and burners" despite high setup taxes. "They showed up in a flash, robbed, looted, burned down, murdered, abducted and disappeared again." The farmers were not thanked for their courage to help themselves. When the Turks withdrew from Carinthia, during this third siege they came up to Millstatt and Gmünd , the rulers interpreted the action as a rebellion ( Carinthian peasant uprising ) and the leader Peter Wunderlich was executed by quarters .
Italianization from 1922
From 1922 the fascist Italianization of the incorporated areas began, which was not without ethnic tensions. The agreement of the dictators Hitler and Mussolini to give the German-speaking population the opportunity to move to Greater Germany, the so-called option , led to extensive emigration of the German-speaking population. The empty houses became the property of the Italian state, the ENTV. The new residents came from the Fellatal from places like Chiusaforte . The surnames typical for the area are no longer the German ones like Stocker, Spitzer, Krobath, Anderwald or Fillafer, but the Italian ones like Piussi, Della Mea, Cesare, Fuccaro or Degli Uomini. As everywhere in structurally weak areas, emigration began in the 1960s and continues to this day.
End of border control between Italy and Austria
Until March 31, 1998, the day the Schengen Agreement was implemented , which led to the lifting of border controls between Austria and Italy, Coccau was known throughout Italy, as the place was repeatedly mentioned in connection with border waiting times and traffic jams on Italian radio and television has been.
A voluntary association was founded a few years ago to deal with historical and cultural issues relating to Goggau. The Original Schweinvonger Goggau group derives its name from the derisive name given to the inhabitants by the neighboring villages, which goes back to the fact that the Goggauer once helped a Villach dealer to recapture the pigs that had escaped in an accident.
literature
- Alessandro Cesare: C'era una volta Coccau. A viaggio nella storia. Once upon a time in Goggau. A journey into history. Published by the Verein Original Schweinvonger Goggau Hg., Tarvisio 2004. [79 pages, private distribution]
- Vavti, Stefanie (2005, December): We are Kanaltaler! - Regional and local identities in the quadrilingual Valcanale in Italy [67 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Social Research / Forum: Qualitative Social Research [On-line Journal], 7 (1), Art. 34. Available from: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-06/06- 1-34-d.htm , accessed March 7, 2007
- Gerhard Pilgram , Wilhelm Berger, Gerhard Maurer: Carinthia. Down through. Drava Verlag, Klagenfurt / Celovec 1998, ISBN 3-85435-301-4
- Migglautsch Karl, Pust Ingomar: The Canal Valley and Its History Ed. Kanaltaler Kulturverein, Klagenfurt 1995, ISBN 3-901088-04-0
swell
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 84.
- ^ Consortio Universitario del Friuli: Tarvisio , Italian, accessed March 7, 2007
- ↑ Karl Hauser: The Predilpass and the Isonzo. In: Carinthia 77, 1887, p. 131.
- ↑ Kurt F. Strasser, Harald Waitzbauer : Across the borders to Trieste. Hikes between the Carnic Alps and the Adriatic Sea. Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 1999, pp. 38-39.
- ↑ Alessandro Cesare, Coccau / Goggau , page 44 ff.
