Predil Pass

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Predil Pass
Passo predil.jpg

Compass direction North south
Pass height 1156  m slm
Canal Valley ( Friuli Venezia Giulia , Italy ) Trenta Valley ( Slovenia )
Watershed Fella Isonzo
Valley locations Tarvisio Bovec
expansion Strada Statale 54 Italia.svg Strada Statale 54 del Friuli Pass road
Mountains Julian Alps
profile
Max. Incline 12%
map
Predilpass (North Italy)
Predil Pass
Coordinates 46 ° 25 '7 "  N , 13 ° 34' 47"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 25 '7 "  N , 13 ° 34' 47"  E
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The 1156  m slm high Predilpass (Slovenian Predel , Italian Passo di Predil ) connects Tarvis or Raibl in Italy with Bovec (German Flitsch) in Slovenia .

course

The pass road leads from Tarvisio at the junction to the Neveasattel and the Raibler See (Lago del Predil), to there along the Gailitz mountain river , then over a few bends to the top of the pass, where the state border runs. Mangartstrasse , Slovenia's highest road, branches off about 1 km to the east . In the further course the street reaches Bovec.

There are three former Austrian fortifications in the immediate vicinity of the pass road : A few hundred meters west of the pass is the Predilsattel battery ( Lage ). At the southern end just before Bovec is the Flitscher Klause directly on the road and Fort Hermann on a rock opposite .

history

The name comes from the Slavic prědělъ 'pass, border, sheath', so it simply means 'pass', the Italian and German additions are duplicated.

In 1319, the citizens asked Cividale the Bamberger bishop for permission to build at his own expense a road over the Predilpass. The bishop of Bamberg had numerous possessions and other interests north and south of the Predil at the time, making him ideal as a protector for a Predil road. Predilstrasse was already being used extensively in 1326, and reports of toll leasing have been reported from this time . Even if the citizens of Cividale paid the cost of the road construction, they wanted to recoup their costs in a variety of ways; the toll collection was a very important way. However, Predilstrasse does not appear to have been finally completed until 1404. Some bridges were built by 1490 and the old road was straightened in some places. Nevertheless, it was probably still only passable for carts . A temporary improvement occurred when road construction work began again in 1536.

After Cividale came under Venetian rule in the 16th century, traffic on the Predil slowed down due to sanctions by Venice. When these sanctions were lifted in 1637, it was already too late for the Predil. Venice itself had lost much of its old importance and Austria had meanwhile found new ways for its trade. Nevertheless, in the years 1678 and 1680–1684, the Predilstraße was further expanded, with extensive re-routing on the top of the pass and the northern ramp.

Lion Monument

Lion monument on the Predil Pass for Captain Hermann

During the coalition wars , troops of the Austrian engineer corps fought against troops of Napoleon I on the Predilsattel under the command of Captain Johann Hermann von Hermannsdorf, who fell there on May 18, 1809 . The motto of the imperial and imperial sappers who were put up in 1912 also refers to him and the captain engineer Friedrich Hensel, who was killed in defense of Malborghet at the same time : “Strive for them! You can achieve it, not surpass it! "

Emperor Franz Josef I auxiliary tunnel

Entrance to the auxiliary tunnel

A tunnel dating back to Austrian times (Italian: Galleria di Bretto , Slovenian: Štoln ) leads under the Predil Pass . Raibl is connected to the Slovenian town of Gorni Log via a 5 km long tunnel through which the miners from Gorni Log used to drive to the Raibl mine for shifts. During the First World War, the tunnel also served to supply the Isonzo front .

Battery Predil saddle

literature

  • Marko Simić: On the trail of the Isonzo front . Mohorjeva Hermagoras, Klagenfurt-Laibach-Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-85013-884-4 .
  • Steffan Bruns: Alpine passes - from the mule track to the base tunnel . tape 4 . L. Staackmann Verlag KG, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-88675-274-4 .
  • G. Pilgram, W. Berger, W. Koroschitz, A. Pilgram-Ribitsch: The last valleys. Hiking and stopping off in Friuli . Drava Verlag, Klagenfurt / Celovec 2008, ISBN 978-3-85435-532-8 .
  • Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld (Ed.): Napoleon and his time, Carinthia - Inner Austria - Illyria . Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2009, ISBN 978-3-85454-113-4 , p. 153-198 .

Web links

Commons : Predilpass  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. see entry Pridou, sloven. Predol in Heinz-Dieter Pohl : Mountain names , 2. The names of the most famous Carinthian mountains , on members.chello.at.