Robič (pass)

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Robič
Compass direction west east
Pass height 252  m. i. J.
Goriška , Slovenia
Watershed Nadiža / Natisone → Tagliamento → Adria Idrija → Soča / Isonzo → Adria
Valley locations Pulfero (Province of Udine, Italy) Kobarid
expansion Main street No. 102
Built Altstrasse
Mountains Julian Alps
particularities Valley watershed
Map (Slovenia)
Robič (pass) (Slovenia)
Robič (pass)
Coordinates 46 ° 14 '44 "  N , 13 ° 31' 16"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 14 '44 "  N , 13 ° 31' 16"  E

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The Robič is the valley pass between Soča / Isonzo and Nadiža / Natisone in Slovenia. It lies at 252  m. i. J. in the municipality of Kobarid .

Location and landscape

The pass is about 30 kilometers northeast of Udine and just as far north of Gorica (Gorizia, Görz).

The valley of the Soča from Kobarid, where the gorges of the upper reaches end at 195  m , via Tolmin to Most na Soči (St. Lucia, Soča there  150  m ), where the narrow valley to Goricia begins, is a wide trough valley between the Krn group ( Krn  2244  m ) northeast and Matajur - Kolovrat -zug (Matajur  1645  m , Kuk  1243  m ) southwest. This valley stretches higher up at Kobarid (Karfreit, church  273  m ) still west between the Matajur massif and Stol-Zug north, and ends at Kred  ( 254  m. I. Year ) at the foot of the Stol  ( 1673  m ), where the upper The narrow valley of the Nadiža to the Italian-Slovenian border towards Breginj begins. The Nadiža continues to flow southwest here, breaking through between Matajur and Monte Mia (Mija,  1237  m ), it then already approaches the Isonzo in the northern Italian plain (over the Torre ). The stream Idrija runs eastwards to Kobarid. The pass with this name lies between Kred and Staro selo  ( 255  m. I. J. ), about half a kilometer east of the hamlet of Robič .

The valley as a whole can be found under the name Staroselskega podolja ( valley of Staroselo), while the river valley of the Nadiža between Breginj and Robič / Staro selo is called Breginjski kot . East of Staro selo, the area is generally included in the Soča Valley (Dolina Soče) , and as a whole to the Tolmin Basin ( Dno Srednje Soške doline , Basin of the Middle Soca).

The watershed itself is a completely inconspicuous landmark. Dionýs Štúr reported in 1858: "The actual watershed is formed by a pile of boulders barely a few square fathoms that fell from the M. Matejor, which forces the water of the Staroselo area to flow into the Isonzo."

On both sides of the watershed there is a wetland, on the Nadiža between Kred and the cut-off river loop island hill Der  ( 289  m ) near Robič, and the Starijsko plato of Idrija near Staro selo.

Geology and hydrography

Apart from the Matajurstock, the area can be assigned to Randalpine Flysch and the Julian Prealps , with the saddle separating the Northern and Southern Julian Prealps .

The entire valley was formed by the Ice Age Isonzo Glacier , here the ice masses from the main Julian massif around Triglav and Kanin were pushed westward by those of the Krn. The Stolkamm west of the Starijski vrh was temporarily overflowed. This movement is evidenced by a group of terminal moraines in the Breginjski kot. A glacier retreat lake will have been located here for a time, which probably erupted to the southwest, along today's Natisone Gorge and before that also the Pradol Gorge towards Stupizza . The post-glacial course of the rivers is under scientific discussion. As early as the 19th century it was assumed that the upper Isonzo flowed into the valley of the Natisone for a time, and that the breakthrough of the middle Isonzo was only formed by the Idrijca , the large tributary of Most na Soči . The lake deposits there date from the Worm Ice Age, the most recent great ice age. The Isonzo was already 50 meters deeper than the Nadiža, but an overflow is possible for earlier stages of icing or certain retreat stages due to ice blockages or other causes (debris flow, landslide). The course of the streams on the Matajur makes it possible that those east of today's watershed also went to the Nadiža. Conversely, the Nadiža, which flows past just 5 meters below the level of the pass, could also have approached the Isonzo in the meantime. On the Nadiža, below the knee near Kred, there are several large heaps of rubble from the Matajur massif, which could block the drain, so that Štúr (1858) and also Brückner  (1921) suspected that the upper Nadiža alternated between the two river areas several times.

In any case, today's Robič watershed is not a moraine , but a recent landslide from the Matajur (field name Molida ), in which at least two phases can be distinguished. The loose conglomerate layers overlay the glacial fluvial deposits. It is unclear whether there is still a terminal moraine below the mass deposits.

It has even been suggested that the Robič landslide was a result of the devastation of Alpine floods 586 (or 589). The fact that the Soča went to the Nadiža in Roman times ( Kandler  1867) is refuted by the Roman finds in the area ( burial ground in Kobarid , stone floor in Robič), which indicate that the hydrographic conditions were then as they are today.

The wetlands of the saddle landscape can be post-glacial lake remnants or secondary swamps due to the low gradient.

History and traffic

The Roman road ensures that the pass is an old road. This was a connection from the edge of the Alps (such as the Via Julia Augusta near Tricesimum , towards Noricum) to the Isonzo (Fl. Sontius).

The pass is of more regional importance to this day, the SS54  del Friuli - main road No. 102 runs here . The connection in Kobarid via the Predil Pass into the Canal Valley near Tarvisio is of certain importance (former overall course of the SS54 at the time when the Sočatal was Italian; today's Slovenian regional road no. 203).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Breginjski kot. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dolina-soce.com archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dolina-soce.com, accessed October 10, 2015 (German).
  2. ↑ a b Tina Peršolja: Geografija Breginjskega Kota . Thesis Univerza v Ljubljani. Ljubljana 2006, especially 3.1. Geološke značilnosti. P. 15 ff; 3.2.1. Značilnosti pleistocenske poledenitve. P. 19 ff; 3.3. Hidrografske značilnosti. P. 21 ff ( online [PDF; accessed on October 12, 2015]).
  3. ↑ a b Dionýs Štúr : The Isonzothal from Flitsch down to Gorizia . In: Yearbook of the Geological Reichsanstalt . IX (1858) - (full article in the booklet pp. 11–124 - citations there p. 29 [328]).
  4. ^ Franz Kossmat : The Adriatic border in the alpine fold region . In: Communications from the Austrian Geological Society . tape  6 , 1913, construction of the Julian Alps. A1, p. 90 f . ( online [PDF] full article pp. 61–165; reference in pdf p. 30 f; geological maps in the appendix, pdf p. 106 ff).
  5. ↑ a b Artur Winkler : The middle Isonzo area . In: Yearbook of the Geological Reichsanstalt . tape  70 (1921) , especially II. The sequence of layers in the middle Isonzo area. F. Diluvial formations and alluvium , S. 83 [73] ff ( online [PDF] on the geological break there p. 70 [60] and p. 93 [83]; geological maps in the appendix, pdf p. 115 ff; literature p. 15 [5]).
  6. ^ Albrecht Penck , Eduard Brückner: The Alps in the Ice Age. Volume 3, CH Tauchnitz, 1909, The tongue basin of the Isonzo glacier. P. 1037 ff ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ a b Artur Winkler: On the late and post-glacial history of the Isonzo Valley (southern Alps) . In: Journal of Glacier Science and Glacial Geology . tape 19 , 1931, III. The problem of the formation of the watershed between Isonzo and Natisone , p. 75 ff .
  8. ↑ A. Winkler: The middle Isonzo area . 1921, II. F. c) Moränen , p. 85 [75] ff .
  9. ↑ Geološka karta Tolmin in Videm , 1987; Rastlinstvo Breginjskega kota, 2006; reproduced in T. Peršolja: Geografija Breginjskega Kota . 2006, Karta 2: Geološka karta Breginjskega kotai and Karta 3: Kamninska sestava Breginjskega kota , p. 16 f .
  10. ↑ Across the Nad Pradolom / Bocca di Pradolino ( 496  m ) between Mia and Lubia, on the Nadiža at the Napoleon Bridge ; in the old sources as "Predol".
  11. ↑ O. Gumprecht: The middle Isonzo and its relationship to the Natisone . 1886, conclusion , point 3, p. 43 (p. 49).
  12. ↑ A. Winkler: On the late and post-glacial history of the Isonzo valley . 1931, p. 79 .
  13. ↑ Carl von Czoernig : About the changes in the course of the rivers that have occurred in the county of Görz since Roman times. The Isonzo, as the youngest river in Europe . In: Communications of the Imperial and Royal Geographical Society of Vienna . tape  19 (1876) (on a lecture before the Geographical Congress in Paris; accordingly also I. mutamenti del sistema fluviale avvenuti nella contea di Gorizia dal tempo dei Romani in poi. L'Isonzo il fiume più recente d 'Europa. In: Atti della soc. geogr. it.. Vol. II. 1884.).
  14. ↑ Otto Gumprecht : The middle Isonzo and its relationship to the Natisone . Contribution to solving the question of the age of the isonzo system. In: Journal of Scientific Geography . tape  VII . Leipzig 1886, especially the Staroselo valley. P. 34 ff and conclusion. P. 39 ( archive.org ; Google eBook, full view - dissertation Universität Leipzig, 1886; in the digitization p. 40 ff and 49 respectively).
  15. ^ A b Eduard Brückner : Ice Age Studies in the Southeastern Alps . Lecture at the monthly meeting on December 11, 1890. In: Annual report of the Geographical Society of Bern . tape  10 (1890) , II. The problem of the Isonzo and Natisone run , p. 162 ff ., doi : 10.5169 / seals-321703 ( eReader and pdf - full article p. 156–164; source in the digitization p. 8 ff; map of the glaciers p. 160 [p. 6]).
  16. ↑ F. Musoni: La Sorgente della valle del Natisone media. In: Mondo sottoterraneo. Ann. IV. 1-3. Udine 1907.
  17. ↑ O. Gumprecht: The middle Isonzo and its relationship to the Natisone . 1886, introduction. Historical development of the idea of ​​a connection between the Isonzo and the Natisone in the upper area , p. 9 ff . (pdf p. 15 ff).
  18. ↑ E. Brückner: Ice Age Studies in the Southeastern Alps . 1890, p. 162 (p. 8).
  19. ↑ A. Winkler: The middle Isonzo area . 1921, II. F. d) Glacial lake deposits , p. 85 [75] .
  20. ↑ a b A. Winkler: The middle Isonzo area . 1921, II. F. e) Late glacial conglomerates and gravel , p. 85 [75] ff .
  21. ↑ a b A. Winkler: The middle Isonzo area . 1921, II. F. f) Postglacial Formations , p. 86 [76] ff .
  22. ↑ A. Winkler: On the late and post-glacial history of the Isonzo valley . 1931, p. 78 .
  23. ^ A b E. Brückner: Ice Age Studies in the Southeastern Alps . 1890, p. 163 f . (pdf p. 9 f).
  24. ↑ A. Winkler: The middle Isonzo area . 1921, II. F. g) Younger hanging debris formations , p. 86 [76] (and geological maps in the appendix).
  25. ↑ E. Brückner: Ice Age Studies in the Southeastern Alps . 1890, p. 163 (pdf p. 9).
  26. ↑ Penck, Brückner, 1909, p. 1039.
  27. ↑ Paulus Deacon: Historia gentis Langobardorum . Liber III, Cap. 23 ( Original text , la.wikisource.org; translation Abel, Heine, 1849, p. 73; Google eBook, full view ).
  28. ↑ Pietro [from] Kandler: Discorso sulla Giulia e silent strade antiche che la attraversano. Trieste 1867: Information in O. Gumprecht: The middle Isonzo and its relationship to the Natisone . 1886, p. 12 (pdf p. 18).
  29. ↑ E. Brückner: Ice Age Studies in the Southeastern Alps . 1890, p. 164 (p. 10).
  30. ↑ O. Gumprecht: The middle Isonzo and its relationship to the Natisone . 1886, p. 35 f . (P. 41 f).