Tagliamento

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Tagliamento
The Tagliamento from the bridge at Pinzano al Tagliamento (PN)

The Tagliamento from the bridge at Pinzano al Tagliamento (PN)

Data
location Friuli , Italy
River system Tagliamento
source at the Mauria Pass
Source height 1195  m slm
muzzle Adriatic Sea between Bibione and Lignano Coordinates: 45 ° 38 ′ 33 "  N , 13 ° 5 ′ 58"  E 45 ° 38 ′ 33 "  N , 13 ° 5 ′ 58"  E
Mouth height 0  m slm
Height difference 1195 m
Bottom slope 7 ‰
length 170 km
Catchment area 2900 km²
Drain MQ
 70 m³ / s
Left tributaries Lumiei, Ledra, Fella
Right tributaries Arzino
Small towns Tolmezzo , Gemona del Friuli , San Daniele del Friuli , Spilimbergo , Casarsa della Delizia , Codroipo , San Michele al Tagliamento

The Tagliamento [ta ʎː a'mento] ( Italian , Furlanisch Tiliment or Taiament , medieval German: Dülmende ) in Friuli , northern Italy , is the most important of the last wild rivers in the Alps.

Run and landscape

The Tagliamento is 170 kilometers long, rises on the Mauria Pass in the province of Belluno , flows through Carnia , takes the Fella from the Channel Valley , enters the northern Italian plain at Gemona del Friuli and flows into the Adriatic Sea between Bibione and Lignano Sabbiadoro .

  • Upper reaches of the Tagliamento (in the background) near Ampezzo (in the foreground)

  • The Tagliamento flows from the Alps into the plain near Gemona del Friuli

  • Road bridge over the Tagliamento between the village of Braulins and Gemona del Friuli

  • The Tagliamento near Cornino near Spilimbergo

  • most important wild river in the Alps ( interwoven river )

Ecological importance

The Tagliamento often falls dry in the lower reaches of the lowlands and thus forms one of the largest torrentes ( torrent ) in Europe, with the character of an interwoven river . It is still largely unregulated far into the plains - up to Latisana , for example - the dynamic processes of the river are still extensive and undisturbed and determine the topography. Extensive gravel areas, overgrown islands and alluvial forests form a large, coherent ecosystem of around 150 km², which is unique in Europe. Its middle course, the last large wild river in Central Europe, is home to an above-average number of animal and plant species compared to other European countries, with 32 species of fish alone (in the middle course alone), there are almost twice as many species as in comparable European waters. Since the 1990s at the latest, the course of the Tagliamento has been scientifically investigated intensively as a reference ecosystem.

Some sections of the river course are protected as areas of the European Natura 2000 network according to the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (FFH) of the EU : The source and parts of the upper course are in the FFH area and the Friulian Dolomites Nature Park at the entrance to the plain near Gemona del Friuli, the Tagliamento flows through the FFH areas Valle del Medio Tagliamento and, a little further downstream, Greto del Tagliamento near Spilimbergo , crosses the small protected area Bosco di Golena del Torreano near Villanova della Cartera and flows into the FFH area Laguna di Caorle - Foce del Tagliamento. The areas of Valle del Medio Tagliamento and Greto del Tagliamento were part of an EU-funded environmental project for the preservation and restoration of dry grass areas from 2012 to 2019 .

Location of the planned retention basin

The area near Spilimbergo was threatened by construction measures in the 2000s, the regional government planned three retention basins up to 8.5 km² within the floodplain corridor as hard structures, which were expected to have numerous negative effects on the ecosystem and the groundwater level. There was regional but also international resistance to the project, which was based on old plans, for example from WWF , the non-governmental organization International Commission for the Protection of the Alps (CIPRA) and from the research side, Reinhold Messner , as a member of the Green Party, asked the European Commission . The surrounding communities were also against the project as they feared negative effects on the increasing (natural) tourism.

A planned massive gravel quarrying near Cimano, a few kilometers upstream from Spilimbergo, was prevented in 2011 following public protests and concerns from the competent regional hydraulic engineering authority, Autorità di Bacino , and the company withdrew its project.

The Tagliamento in literature

The Italian film director, poet and publicist Pier Paolo Pasolini spent the years during the Second World War in Casarsa della Delizia, not far from the Tagliamento. During this time he wrote his first novels Amado Mio and Atti impuri there , which were only published posthumously in 1982 . Large parts of the plot of Amado Mio are set on the banks of the Tagliamento, where the boys from the surrounding villages meet for a swim:

“The bend of the Tagliamento was like a wasp's nest: the boys' underpants and scarves flashed in a hundred different colors in the sun. Nothing stood still: even the air above the gravel board shimmered, the charred and debarked acacias moved with the same vivacity as the boys. ... Both the bank and the sandbank on the other side of the river were a single battlefield, a single outcry. "

literature

  • Furio Bianco, Aldino Bondesan, Aldino Bondesan, Michele Zanetti, Adriano Zanferrari (eds.): Il Tagliamento. Cierre et al. a., Sommacampagna et al. a. 2006, ISBN 88-8314-372-8 (Italian).
  • Werner Freudenberger: On the Tagliamento - discoveries between the Alps and the Adriatic. Styria Verlag, Vienna, Graz, Klagenfurt 2017, ISBN 978-3-222-13549-1 .
  • J. Kollmann, M. Many, PJ Edwards, K. Tockner, JV Ward: Interactions between vegetation development and island formation in the Alpine river Tagliamento. In: Applied Vegetation Science. Vol. 2, No. 1, 1999, ISSN  1402-2001 , pp. 25-36, (English).
  • Walter Kretschmer: Hydrobiological investigations on the Tagliamento (Friuli, Italy). In: Association for the protection of the mountain world. Yearbook. Vol. 61, 1996, ISSN  0171-4694 , pp. 123-144.
  • Klaus Kuhn: Observations on some groups of animals on the Tagliamento. In: Association for the protection of the mountain world. Yearbook. Vol. 60, 1995, pp. 71-86.
  • Klaus Kuhn: The gravel banks of the Tagliamento (Friuli, Italy) - a habitat for specialists in the animal kingdom. In: Rettet den Tagliamento (= yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Mountains. Vol. 70, 2005, special edition). Association for the Protection of the Mountain World, Munich 2005, pp. 37-44 ( Memento of November 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  • Wolfgang Lippert , Norbert Müller, Susanne Rossel, Thomas Schauer, Gaby Vetter: The Tagliamento - river morphology and floodplain vegetation of the largest wild river landscape in the Alps. In: Association for the protection of the mountain world. Yearbook. Vol. 60, 1995, pp. 11-70.
  • Norbert Müller: The outstanding position of the Tagliamento (Friuli, Italy) in the European nature reserve system NATURA 2000. In: Rettet den Tagliamento (= Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Mountain World. Vol. 70, 2005, special edition). Association for the Protection of the Mountain World, Munich 2005, pp. 19–35 ( Memento of November 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  • Livio Poldini, Giuseppe Oriolo, Marisa Vidali: Vascular Flora of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. An annotated catalog and synonimic index. In: Studia Geobotanica. Vol. 21, No. 1, 2001, ISSN  0394-9125 , pp. 1-227.
  • Klement Tockner , Nicola Surian, Nicoletta Toniutti: Geomorphology, ecology and sustainable management of a wild river landscape using the example of the Fiume Tagliamento (Friuli, Italy) - a model ecosystem for the Alpine region and a test case for the EU Water Framework Directive. In: Rettet den Tagliamento (= yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Mountains. Vol. 70, 2005, special edition). Association for the Protection of the Mountain World, Munich 2005, pp. 3–17 ( Memento from November 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).

Web links

Commons : Tagliamento  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The wild river of the Tagliamento ( Memento of June 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). ARD , series W wie know on May 26, 2013.
  2. ↑ FFH areas, recognized since 2013: Dolomiti Friulane , Valle del Medio Tagliamento near Osoppo, Greto del Tagliamento near Spilimbergo, Bosco di Golena del Torreano near Villanova della Cartera, Laguna di Caorle - Foce del Tagliamento (2003, extended 2019). EU Natura 2000 website database, Version 10, 2019.
  3. ↑ LIFE10 NAT / IT / 000243. Project description at the EU (English).
  4. ^ Project's Sites. Project website Life Magredi Grasslands (Italian, English).
  5. ↑ Tagliamento in Friuli: gravel in the river - cement in the heads. Monte, magazine for alpine lifestyle ( Memento from February 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  6. ↑ cf. CIPRA website (accessed October 10, 2011).
  7. ↑ "More than 600 researchers from Italy, Austria, France, Germany and Switzerland signed a petition Pro Friuli Pro Tagliamento ", see Nadja Neumann: Immer noch ein König. Thanks to the collaboration of nature conservationists and scientists, a unique river landscape in Italy has been preserved so far. In: Verbundjournal. 2009, No. 79, pp. 8–9 (Magazin des Forschungsverbund Berlin ), accessed October 10, 2011.
  8. ^ Written question E-2145/03 from Reinhold Messner (Verts / ALE) to the Commission. Preservation of the wild Tagliamento river (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy) .
  9. ↑ Europe's last great wild river landscape in danger. scinexx.de, the knowledge magazine, August 3, 2005 (accessed October 10, 2011).
  10. ↑ CIPRA website: A break for the king of the Alpine rivers , May 25, 2011 (accessed October 10, 2011).
  11. ^ Pier Paolo Pasolini: Amado mio, preceduto da Atti impuri. Garzanti: Milan 1982. German edition: Amado million. Two novels about friendship. Translated from the Italian by Maja Pflug. Wagenbach : Berlin 1984, p. 164.