Tremalzopass

Tremalzo Pass (Passo di Tremalzo)
Sweeping the southern flank of the Tremalzo Pass (August 2006)
Compass direction	North	south
Pass height	1664  m slm
province	Trento (Region Trentino-South Tyrol )	Brescia ( Lombardy Region )
Watershed	Lake Ledro → Ponale → Lake Garda → Mincio → Po	Lake Garda → Mincio → Po
Valley locations	Tiarno di Sopra ( Valle di Ledro )	Vesio , a district of Tremosine
expansion	Pass road	Gravel road (all-wheel drive required)
Built	In the first World War
Motorcycle lock	No	Yes
Mountains	Garda mountains
profile
Denzel scale	SG 1	SG 4
Ø pitch	% (? m / 12 km)	% (? m / 8 km)
Max. Incline	9%	14%
Altitude profile Tremalzopass south-north
map
Coordinates	45 ° 50 '12 "  N , 10 ° 41' 25"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 50 '12 "  N , 10 ° 41' 25"  E

A mountain road in northern Italy, which was laid out for strategic purposes during the First World War , leads to the Tremalzopass (Italian: Passo di Tremalzo ) . The pass lies at 1664  m slm on the border between the Autonomous Province of Trento (Region Trentino-South Tyrol ) and the Province of Brescia ( Lombardy ) not far from Lake Garda . The southern flank is part of the Parco Alto Garda bresciano natural park .

The top of the pass is between Monte Tremalzo and Cima del Dil , the highest point of the Tremalzo road is the summit tunnel at around 1830  m slm north of Corno della Marogna ( ⊙ ).

Tremalzostrasse

history

The Tremalzostraße was in World War I by Italian Engineer Corps built. It mainly served to supply the main Italian resistance line in the Val di Ledro , which stretched from Corno della Marogna in an easterly direction via Monte Nota, Passo Nota, Bocca Fortini, Monte Carone, Monte Guil, Punta Larici and then towards Corno de Reamol. The Passo Nota – Tremalzo section was completed in the summer of 1917.

A few months before the start of the Twelfth Isonzo Battle in October 1917, the Italian army command came to the conclusion that the area around the Tremalzo had to be reinforced before any Austrian attempts to break through, as there were no further defensive lines behind that would have an Austrian advance towards the Po Valley can stop. Thereupon the construction of a second and third line of defense was tackled, with which the Tremalzostrasse also gained in importance, especially since it was the only road that connected the southern area of ​​the Judiciary and the Ledro Valley, which was occupied by the Italians at the beginning of the war, with Lake Garda. Major military actions did not take place in this area until the end of the war.

After the war, the street initially fell into disrepair. As early as 1925, however, the municipalities of the upper Valle di Ledro ( Bezzecca , Tiarno di Sotto and Tiarno di Sopra ) formed a consortium that set itself the task of maintaining and maintaining the Tremalzo road on the Trentino side. In 1962 this task was taken over by the Province of Trento.

course

The pass is divided into two very different sections: While the north flank can be negotiated without problems, the south flank between Passo Nota and Rifugio Garda has been closed to all motorized traffic since the end of January 2015.

profile

The southern flank has gradient maxima of over 14% over a length of approx. 8 km; on the other hand, the north flank is more moderate with max. 9% over approx. 12 km. One can clearly see the beginning of the ascent in Vesio , a district of Tremosine ( Lombardy ), with the steep ascent at the end of the Bondo valley; the descent over the northern flank is less steep.

North flank

North flank of the Tremalzo Pass

The north flank is better developed and opened to all traffic. Since the gradients do not exceed 9% and the asphalt surface is well maintained, there is no requirement for a traffic restriction; Accordingly, the north flank is also popular with motorcyclists and cyclists.

The approach begins in the Valle d' Ampola on the SS-240 . Coming from the north, after Lake Laghetto d'Ampola, turn left onto the SP-127 towards the village of Tremalzo . The altitude is quickly gained over a few turns. The road runs through smaller mountain forests and leads along cow pastures with increasing height. The end point at 1702  m is the Rifugio Garda. There are parking spaces and a snack station there . Branches in the form of dirt roads (partly closed) lead to Monte Nota and the southern flank of the Tremalzopass.

South flank

Passage on the pass, south flank, August 2006

Since January 2015, there has been a general driving ban on the southern flank from Passo Nota. Up to this point in time, two-lane vehicles could drive on the pass, a motorcycle ban was already in place.

The approach was via the place Vesio. The Tremalzopass is signposted from there. An off-road vehicle with all-wheel drive was required from Passo Nota. The road initially follows the Bondo valley with a slight incline. In this valley there is a rest area with a playground and parking, the roads are paved. The ascent begins at the end of the valley.

The path is initially paved (up to the Notapass) and is freely passable. This is followed by fine gravel, which becomes coarser and coarser up to bare, sharp-edged rock that is partially exposed. After thunderstorms, there are heavy washouts and steps in the roadway. The width of the lane is steadily decreasing, turning around was only possible at the bends, if at all. There are no alternative points.

Because of gradients of over 14%, it was necessary to reverse on some hairpin bends, especially on vehicles with a long wheelbase.

Shortly before the highest point, the age of the road had an impact again: In the tunnel at a height of just under 1,800  m , larger parts of the tunnel ceiling repeatedly collapsed, making passage difficult or blocking it. There was also the risk of getting stuck in the deep, sandy subsoil of the tunnel.

Sports, leisure, tourism

The Tremalzopass is particularly popular with mountain bikers , who like to ride it as a highlight at the end of a Transalp tour .

A memorial stone has been located at Passo Rocchetta on the way to Tremalzo since May 1, 2014. The memorial plaque, inscribed in Italian, German and English, commemorates Ulrich Stanciu's first MTB tests as part of the first issue of the bike magazine .

literature

• Giovanni Fioroni: La valle di Ledro nella prima guerra mondiale 1915–1918. Temi, Trento 1993.
• Luca Zavanella: Lo sbarramento di Passo Nota. Trincee e casematte sul valico più pericoloso nella difesa del Garda. Press Up, 2013.
• Fabrizio Torchio, Enzo Gardumi: From Lake Garda to the Ledro Mountains. Panorama, Trento 1995.

Web links

Commons : Tremalzopass  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} History of the Ampola-Tremalzo road consortium in Italian (PDF; 28 kB), accessed on February 22, 2017.
2. ↑ The section command was at Passo Nota, at that time still marked on maps as Passo di Notta .
3. ↑ Luca Zavanella: Lo sbarramento di Passo Nota. Trincee e casematte sul valico più pericoloso nella difesa del Garda. P. 10.
4. ↑ Luca Zavanella: Lo sbarramento di Passo Nota. Trincee e casematte sul valico più pericoloso nella difesa del Garda. P. 27.
5. ^ Decision of the Tremosine municipality of January 8, 2015 in Italian (PDF; 896 kB), accessed on July 27, 2017.
6. ↑ On the way to your own memorial with the R-Q1 ( memento from July 26, 2015 in the web archive archive.today ), Rotwild press release from May 6, 2014