Sedge grass
Sedge grass | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dune Sedge ( Cyperus capitatus ) |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cyperus | ||||||||||||
L. |
The plant genus Zypergräser ( Cyperus ) belongs to the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). The approximately 600 species are distributed almost worldwide from the temperate to subtropical to tropical areas.
description
Appearance and leaves
The Zypergras species are usually perennial, less often one to two year old herbaceous plants . They often form rhizomes , runners or, rarely, plant tubers . Depending on the species, they can form more or less dense or extensive clumps . The single or multiple stalks are triangular or round in cross-section and leafed at the base.
Inflorescences, flowers and fruits
The entire inflorescence has foliage-like bracts and is composed of flat ears . The ears are sessile and tufted, or they are stalked and spirally arranged. The spikelets are profuse and have keeled bracts that are densely arranged in two rows. Only in Cyperus michelianus are the bracts three lines. There are flowers in all bracts . The flowers stand in the axilla of a bract. The flowers are mostly hermaphroditic, rarely unisexual. There are no bracts. There are one to three stamens present. On the ovary is a two- or three-pronged stylus with two or three stigmas.
The nuts are flattened, lenticular in two-grain species and triangular in three-grain species.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Cyperus was established by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . As Lectotypusart was Cyperus esculentus L. by Nathaniel Lord Britton in the Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Jamaica set, Volume 5, Supplement 1, 1907, p. 6
The extent of the genus Cyperus is controversial (300 to 600 species). Synonyms for Cyperus L. s. l. are: Papyrus Willd. , Indocourtoisia Bennet & Raizada nom. illeg., Pseudomariscus Rauschert nom. illeg., Aliniella J.Raynal nom. illeg., Mariscus Vahl nom. cons., Mariscus Gaertn. nom. illeg., Courtoisia Nees nom. illeg., Duval-jouvea Palla , Diclidium Schrad. ex Nees , Adupla Bosc ex Juss. , Remirea Aubl. , Opetiola Gaertn. , Epiphystis Trin. , Torulinium Desv. ex Ham. , Anosporum Nees , Oxycaryum Nees , Galilea Parl. , Hydroschoenus inches. & Moritzi , Atomostylis Steud. , Pterocyperus Opiz , Sorostachys Steud. , Borabora Steud. , Trentepohlia Boeckeler , Crepidocarpus Klotzsch ex Boeckeler , Cylindrolepis Boeckeler , Juncellus C.B.Clarke , Ungeria Nees ex CBClarke , Didymia Phil. , Chlorocyperus Rikli , Eucyperus Rikli , Acorellus Palla ex Kneuck. , Sphaeromariscus E.G.Camus , Mariscopsis Cherm. , Ascopholis C.EC fish. , Sphaerocyperus Lye , Alinula J.Raynal , Courtoisina Soják , Raynalia Soják , Marisculus Goetgh. , Queenslandiella Domin , Kyllingiella R.W. Haines & Lye . The genus Cyperus is only monophyletic when the species are incorporated into ten smaller genera. The species list below corresponds to Cyperus s. l. and includes these types.
The genus Cyperus belongs to the tribe Cypereae in the subfamily Cyperoideae within the family Cyperaceae .
The range of the genus Cyperus includes the temperate, subtropical and tropical areas almost worldwide. There are around 96 species in North America. There are around 62 species in China, eight of them only there. There are around 40 species in Pakistan. There are around 53 species in Nicaragua and around 58 in Costa Rica. There are about 97 species in Madagascar, 38 of them only there.
About 27 species are native to Europe. In Central Europe come Brown nutsedge ( Cyperus fuscus ), Cyperus Eragrostis ( Cyperus eragrostis ), yellow nutsedge ( Cyperus esculentus ), Snarl nutsedge ( Cyperus glomeratus ) High nutsedge ( Cyperus longus subsp. Longus ), Auburn nutsedge ( Cyperus longus subsp. Badius ), Dwarf Sedge ( Cyperus michelianus ), Pannonian Sedge ( Cyperus pannonicus ) and, as a neophyte, also bulbous Sedge ( Cyperus rotundus ).
The genus Cyperus s. l. contains around 600 species: Since 2014, some more species have been newly described or numerous new combinations have taken place. The list of species in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families even lists 949 species in 2017.
- Cyperus absconditicoronatus Bauters, Reynders & Goetgh.
- Cyperus acholiensis Larridon
- Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook.
- Cyperus afroalpinus Lye
- Cyperus afrodunensis Lye
- Cyperus afromontanus Lye
- Cyperus afrovaricus Lye
- Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl.
- Cyperus ajax C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus alaticaulis R.Booth, DJMoore & Hodgon
- Cyperus albescens (Steud.) Larridon & Govaerts : This new combination took place in 2016.
- Cyperus albopilosus (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus albopurpureus Cherm.
- Cyperus albosanguineus Kük.
- Cyperus albostriatus Schrad.
- Cyperus albus J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus algeriensis Vare & Kukkonen
- Cyperus almensis D.A.Simpson
- Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb.
- Cyperus alterniflorus R.Br.
- Cyperus alternifolius L. (Syn .: Cyperus onustus Steud. , Cyperus frondosus Salisb. Nom. Superfl., Eucyperus alternifolius (L.) Rikli , Cyperus onustus Steud. , Cyperus alternifolius var. Gracilis Pynaert ): This species has long been incorrectly named. The widespread species, which is also used as an ornamental plant, is Cyperus involucratus Rottb. (or Cyperus imbricatus Retz. ). Cyperus alternifolius is only found in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands .
- Cyperus altochrysocephalus Lye
- Cyperus altomicroglumis Lye
- Cyperus altsonii chick.
- Cyperus alulatus J.Kern
- Cyperus alvesii G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus amabilis Vahl
- Cyperus amauropus Steud.
- Cyperus amuricus Maxim.
- Cyperus anderssonii Boeckeler
- Cyperus androhibensis D.A.Simpson
- Cyperus angolensis Boeckeler
- Cyperus angustatus R.Br.
- Cyperus anisitsii Chick.
- Cyperus ankaizinensis Cherm.
- Cyperus ankaratrensis Cherm.
- Cyperus antillanus (Chick.) O'Neill
- Cyperus appendiculatus (Brongn.) Kunth
- Cyperus aquatilis R.Br.
- Cyperus arenarius Retz.
- Cyperus armstrongii Benth.
- Cyperus arsenei O'Neill & Ben.Ayers
- Cyperus articulatus L.
- Cyperus astartodes K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus aster (CBClarke ex Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus aterrimus Hochst. ex Steud.
- Cyperus atkinsonii C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus atractocarpus Ridl.
- Cyperus aucheri Jaub. & Spach
- Cyperus aureoalatus Lye
- Cyperus aureobrunneus C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus auriculatus Nees & Meyen ex Kunth
- Cyperus aurifer Cherm.
- Cyperus austrochrysanthus Lye
- Cyperus babakan Steud.
- Cyperus balfourii C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus baobab Lye
- Cyperus baoulensis chick.
- Cyperus baronii C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus bellus Kunth
- Cyperus benadirensis Chiov.
- Cyperus bernieri Cherm.
- Cyperus berroi (CBClarke) Barros
- Cyperus betafensis Cherm.
- Cyperus betchei (chick.) STBlake
- Cyperus beyrichii (Schrad. Ex Nees) Steud.
- Cyperus bifolius Lye
- Cyperus blakeanus K.L. Wilson
- Cyperus blysmoides Hochst. ex CBClarke
- Cyperus boreobellus Lye
- Cyperus boreochrysocephalus Lye
- Cyperus boreohemisphaericus Lye
- Cyperus bowmanii F. Muell. ex Benth.
- Cyperus breedlovei G.C. Tucker
- Cyperus breviculmis R.Br.
- Cyperus brumadoi D.A.Simpson
- Cyperus brunneofibrosus Lye
- Cyperus brunnescens Boeckeler
- Cyperus bulamensis Steud.
- Cyperus bulbosus Vahl
- Cyperus burkartii Guagl.
- Cyperus caesius Boeckeler
- Cyperus calderoniae S.González
- Cyperus camphoratus Liebm.
- Cyperus cancrorum Cherm.
- Cyperus canus J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus capensis (Steud.) Endl.
- Dune cypergrass ( Cyperus capitatus Vand. , Syn .: Cyperus aegyptiacus Gloxin , Cyperus schoenoides Griseb. Nom. Illeg., Cyperus mucronatus (L.) Mabille nom. Illeg., Cyperus macrorrhizus Nees ex Boiss. Nom. Illeg., Cyperus kalli (Forssk.) Murb. , Cyperus maritimus (Lam.) P.Silva nom. Illeg.)
- Cyperus carinatus R.Br.
- Cyperus castaneobellus Lye
- Cyperus castaneus Willd.
- Cyperus cearaensis Gross ex Kük.
- Cyperus celans Kukkonen
- Cyperus cellulosoreticulatus Boeckeler
- Cyperus centralis K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus cephalanthus Torr. & Hook.
- Cyperus cephalotes Vahl
- Cyperus chaetophyllus (Chiov.) Kük.
- Cyperus chalaranthus J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus chamaecephalus Cherm.
- Cyperus chermezonianus Robyns & Tournay
- Cyperus chersinus (NEBr.) Kük.
- Cyperus chevalieri chick.
- Cyperus chinsalensis Podlech
- Cyperus chionocephalus (Chiov.) Chiov. ex Chiarugi
- Cyperus chlorocephalus (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus chordorrhizus Chiov.
- Cyperus chorisanthos C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus chrysocephalus (K.Schum.) Kük.
- Cyperus ciliatus Jungh.
- Cyperus cinereobrunneus Kük.
- Cyperus clarkei T. Cooke
- Cyperus clarus S.T.Blake
- Cyperus clavinux C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus columbiensis Palla
- Cyperus colymbetes Kotschy & Peyr.
- Cyperus commixtus Kük.
- Cyperus compactus Retz.
- Cyperus compressus L.
- Cyperus concinnus R.Br.
- Cyperus confertus Sw.
- Cyperus congensis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus congestus Vahl
- Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
- Cyperus conicus (R.Br.) Boeckeler
- Cyperus consors C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus constanzae Urb.
- Cyperus coonoorensis Viji, Pandur., Deepu & GCTucker : It wasfirst describedin 2015 from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu .
- Cyperus coriifolius Boeckeler
- Cyperus cornelii-ostenii Kük.
- Cyperus coronarius (Vahl) Kunth
- Cyperus correllii (T.Koyama) GCTucker
- Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.
- Cyperus costaricensis Gómez-Laur.
- Cyperus cracens K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus crassipes Vahl
- Cyperus cremeomariscus Lye
- Cyperus crispulus K.L. Wilson
- Cyperus cristulatus S.T.Blake
- Cyperus croceus Vahl
- Cyperus cruentus Rottb.
- Cyperus crypsoides J. Kern
- Cyperus cundudoensis Chiov.
- Cyperus cunninghamii (CBClarke) CAGardner
- Cyperus curvistylis J. Kern
- Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth
- Cyperus cylindrostachyus Boeckeler
- Cyperus cymulosus Willemet
- Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Suringar
- Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
- Cyperus cyprius post
- Cyperus dactyliformis Boeckeler
- Cyperus dactylotes Benth.
- Cyperus davidsei G.C. Tucker
- Cyperus × deamii O'Neill
- Cyperus debilis R.Br.
- Cyperus debilissimus Baker
- Cyperus deciduus Boeckeler
- Cyperus decompositus (R.Br.) F. Muell.
- Cyperus densibulbosus Lye
- Cyperus dentatus Torr.
- Cyperus dentoniae G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus denudatus L. f.
- Cyperus derreilema Steud.
- Cyperus diamantinus (DASimpson) Govaerts
- Cyperus dianae Steud.
- Cyperus dichromeniformis Kunth
- Cyperus dichromus C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus dichrostachyus Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Cyperus dietrichiae Boeckeler
- Cyperus difformis L.
- Cyperus diffusus Vahl
- Cyperus digitatus Roxb.
- Cyperus dilatatus Schumach.
- Cyperus dioicus I.M.Johnst.
- Cyperus dipsaceus Liebm.
- Cyperus disjunctus C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus distans L. f.
- Cyperus distinctus Steud.
- Cyperus diurensis Boeckeler
- Cyperus dives Delile
- Cyperus diwakarii Wad.Khan & Solanke
- Cyperus drakensbergensis (Vorster) Govaerts
- Cyperus dregeanus Kunth
- Cyperus drummondii Torr. & Hook.
- Cyperus dubius Rottb.
- Cyperus duclouxii E.G. Camus
- Cyperus dunensis (Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus duripes I.M.Johnst.
- Cyperus durus Kunth
- Cyperus eboracensis R.Booth, DJMoore & Hodgon
- Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph.Wood
- Cyperus eglandulosus (Govind. & Ramani) VPPrasad & Govaerts : This new combination took place in 2016.
- Cyperus eglobosus K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus ekmanii Chick.
- Cyperus elatus L.
- Cyperus elegans L.
- Cyperus elephantinus (CBClarke) CBClarke
- Cyperus finallyii chick.
- Cyperus enervis R.Br.
- Cyperus entrerianus Boeckeler
- Cyperus ephemerus Kukkonen & Väre
- Fresh green sedge grass ( Cyperus eragrostis Lam. )
- Cyperus eremicus Kukkonen
- Cyperus erythrorrhizos Muhl.
- Tigernut ( Cyperus esculentus L. )
- Cyperus exaltatus Retz.
- Cyperus exilis Willd. ex Kunth
- Cyperus expansus Poir.
- Cyperus familiaris Steud.
- Cyperus fastigiatus Rottb.
- Cyperus fauriei chick.
- Cyperus feani F.Br.
- Cyperus felipponei chick.
- Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckeler
- Cyperus ferrugineoviridis (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus fertilis Boeckeler
- Cyperus filiculmis Vahl
- Cyperus filifolius Willd. ex Kunth
- Cyperus filiformis Sw.
- Cyperus filipes Benth.
- Cyperus fischerianus chimp. ex A.Rich.
- Cyperus fissus Steud.
- Cyperus flaccidus R.Br.
- Cyperus flavoculmis Lye
- Cyperus flexuosus Vahl
- Cyperus floribundus (Chick.) R. Carter & SDJones
- Cyperus floridanus Britton
- Cyperus foliaceus C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus forskalianus Väre & Kukkonen
- Cyperus friburgensis Boeckeler
- Cyperus fucosus K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus fulgens C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus fuligineus Chapm.
- Cyperus fulvoalbescens T.Koyama
- Cyperus fulvus R.Br.
- Cyperus fuscescens Willd. ex link
- Cyperus fuscovaginatus Kük.
- Brown Sedge Grass ( Cyperus fuscus L. )
- Cyperus gardneri Nees
- Cyperus gayi (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus giganteus Vahl
- Cyperus gigantobulbes Lye
- Cyperus gilesii Benth.
- Cyperus glaber L.
- Cyperus glaucophyllus Boeckeler
- Ball sedge ( Cyperus glomeratus L. )
- Cyperus graciliculmis Lye
- Cyperus gracilis R.Br.
- Cyperus granatensis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus grandibulbosus C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus grandifolius J.G. Anderson
- Cyperus grandis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus grandiflora simplex C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus granitophilus McVaugh
- Cyperus grayi Torr.
- Cyperus grayioides Mohlenbr.
- Cyperus grossianus Pedersen
- Cyperus gubanii Vare & Kukkonen
- Cyperus guianensis (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus gunnii Hook. f.
- Cyperus gymnocaulos Steud.
- Cyperus gypsophilus Lye
- Cyperus gyraudinii Steud.
- Cyperus haematocephalus Boeckeler ex CBClarke
- Cyperus haematodes Endl.
- Cyperus hainanensis (Chun & FCHow) GCTucker
- Cyperus hakonensis Franch. & Sav.
- Cyperus hamulosus M.Bieb.
- Cyperus harrisii chick.
- Cyperus haspan L.
- Cyperus hayesii (CBClarke) Standl.
- Cyperus helferi Boeckeler
- Cyperus hemisphaericus Boeckeler
- Cyperus hensii C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.
- Cyperus hesperius K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus heterocladus Baker
- Cyperus hieronymi Boeckeler
- Cyperus hilairenus Steud.
- Cyperus hilgendorfianus Boeckeler
- Cyperus hillebrandii Boeckeler
- Cyperus hirtellus (Chiov.) Kük.
- Cyperus holoschoenus R.Br.
- Cyperus holostigma C.B. Clarke ex Schweinf.
- Cyperus holstii chick.
- Cyperus hoppiifolius Uittien
- Cyperus houghtonii Torr.
- Cyperus humilis Kunth
- Cyperus hypochlorus Hillebr.
- Cyperus hypopitys G.C. Tucker
- Cyperus hystricinus Fernald
- Cyperus imbecillis R.Br.
- Cyperus imbricatus Retz. (Syn .: Cyperus densespicatus Hayata , Cyperus imbricatus var. Densespicatus (Hayata) Ohwi , Cyperus imbricatus subsp. Elongatus (Boeckeler) T.Koyama , Cyperus imbricatus var. Elongatus (Boeckeler) KUek. , Cyperus mediorubescens Hayata , Cyperus radiatus Vahl , Cyperus radiatus var. elongatus Boeckeler ): It is widespread in the tropics and subtropics.
- Cyperus impolitus Kunth
- Cyperus impubes Steud.
- Cyperus inaequalis Willemet
- Cyperus incompressus C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus incomtus Kunth
- Cyperus indecorus Kunth
- Cyperus infucatus Kunth
- Cyperus inops C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus × insidiosus Cherm.
- Cyperus insularis Heenan & de Lange
- Cyperus intricatus Schrad. ex Schult.
- Cyperus involucratus Rottb. (Syn .: Cyperus alternifolius . Subsp flabelliformis KUek. , Cyperus alternifolius var. Flabelliformis (Rottb) MRAlmeida. , Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb. Nom Superfl..): This species was long false Cyperus alternifolius L. named. It is used as an ornamental plant and is often simply called "Sedge". It is originally widespread from the Arabian Peninsula via East Africa to tropical and southern Africa and on islands in the western Indian Ocean and is a neophyte in many tropical to subtropical areas.
- Cyperus iria L.
- Cyperus isabellinus K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus ischnos Schltdl.
- Cyperus ivohibensis (Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus ixiocarpus F. Muell.
- Cyperus javanicus Houtt.
- Cyperus jeminicus Rottb.
- Cyperus juncelliformis Peter & Kük.
- Cyperus kabarensis Cherm.
- Cyperus kaessneri C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus kanarensis (VPPrasad & NPSingh) VPPrasad & Govaerts : This new combination took place in 2016.
- Cyperus kappleri Hochst. ex Steud.
- Cyperus karisimbiensis (Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus karlschumannii C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus karthikeyanii Wad.Khan & Lakshmin.
- Cyperus kasamensis Podlech
- Cyperus kerstenii Boeckeler
- Cyperus kibweanus J.Duvign.
- Cyperus kilimandscharicus Kük.
- Cyperus kipasensis Cherm.
- Cyperus kirkii C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus kituiensis Muasya
- Cyperus koyaliensis Cherm.
- Cyperus kurzii C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus kwaleensis Lye
- Cyperus kyllingiella Larridon
- Cyperus kyllingiformis Lye
- Cyperus lacunosus Griseb.
- Cyperus laeteflorens (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus laetus J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus laevigatus L.
- Cyperus laevis R.Br.
- Cyperus lancastriensis porter
- Cyperus lateriticus J. Raynal
- Cyperus latifolius Poir.
- Cyperus latzii K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus laxiflorus Poir.
- Cyperus laxus Lam.
- Cyperus lecontei Torr. ex Steud.
- Cyperus leiocaulon Benth.
- Cyperus lentiginosus Millsp. & Chase
- Cyperus leptocladus Kunth
- Cyperus leucocephalus Retz.
- Cyperus lhotskyanus Beck
- Cyperus ligularis L.
- Cyperus limiticola Larridon & Reynders
- Cyperus limosus Maxim.
- Cyperus linearispiculatus T.L.Dai
- Cyperus locuples C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus longifolius Poir.
- Cyperus longiinvolucratus Lye
- Cyperus longispicula Muasya & DASimpson
- Cyperus longistylus Kük.
-
Long Zypergras , Hohes Zypergras ( Cyperus longus L. ): There are two subspecies:
- Chestnut brown cypergrass ( Cyperus longus subsp. Badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens , Syn .: Cyperus badius Desf. , Cyperus longus var. Badius (Desf.) Cambess. )
- Cyperus longus L. subsp. longus
- Cyperus lucidus R.Br.
- Cyperus luerssenii Boeckeler
- Cyperus lundellii O'Neill
- Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks
- Cyperus luteus Boeckeler
- Cyperus luzulae (L.) Retz.
- Cyperus macer C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus macropachycephalus Goetgh.
- Cyperus macrophyllus (Brongn.) Boeckeler
- Cyperus macrorrhizus Nees
- Cyperus maculatus Boeckeler
- Cyperus maderaspatanus Willd.
- Cyperus majungensis Cherm.
- Cyperus malaccensis Lam.
- Cyperus mangorensis Cherm.
- Cyperus manimae Kunth
- Cyperus mapanioides C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus maranguensis K.Schum.
- Cyperus margaritaceus Vahl
- Cyperus marginatus Thunb.
- Cyperus marlothii Boeckeler
- Cyperus marojejyensis Bosser
- Cyperus marquisensis F.Br.
- Cyperus matagoroensis Muasya & DASimpson
- Cyperus matudae G.C. Tucker
- Cyperus mauretaniensis Vare & Kukkonen
- Cyperus mauritianus Willemet
- Cyperus medusaeus Chiov.
- Cyperus meeboldii chick.
- Cyperus megalanthus (Chick.) GCTucker
- Cyperus Mostostylus S.T.Blake
- Cyperus meridionalis Barros
- Cyperus × mesochorus Geise
- Cyperus meyenianus Kunth
- Cyperus meyerianus Kunth
- Dwarf Sedge ( Cyperus michelianus (L.) Delile )
- Cyperus michoacanensis Britton ex CBClarke
- Cyperus micrantherus Cherm.
- Cyperus microbolbos C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus microbrunneus G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus microcephalus R.Br.
- Cyperus microcristatus Lye
- Cyperus microglumis D.A.Simpson
- Cyperus microiria Steud.
- Cyperus micromariscus Lye
- Cyperus micromedusaeus Lye
- Cyperus micropelophilus Lye
- Cyperus microumbellatus Lye
- Cyperus miliifolius Poepp. & Kunth
- Cyperus mirus C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus mitis Steud.
- Cyperus mogadoxensis Chiov.
- Cyperus molliglumis Cherm.
- Cyperus mollipes (CBClarke) K.Schum.
- Cyperus monospermus (SMHuang) GCTucker
- Cyperus moutona F.Br.
- Cyperus mudugensis D.A.Simpson
- Cyperus multifolius Kunth
- Cyperus multinervatus Bosser
- Cyperus multispicatus Boeckeler
- Cyperus multispiceus R.Booth, DJMoore & Hodgon
- Cyperus mundulus Kunth
- Cyperus muniziae G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus mutisii (Kunth) Andersson
- Cyperus mwinilungensis Podlech
- Cyperus myrmecias Ridl.
- Cyperus nanellus Tang & FTWang
- Cyperus nanus Willd.
- Cyperus natalensis Hochst. ex C. Krauss
- Cyperus nayaritensis G.C. Tucker
- Cyperus nduru Cherm.
- Cyperus nemoralis Cherm.
- Cyperus neoguinensis chick.
- Cyperus neokunthianus Kük.
- Cyperus nervosostriatus Turrill
- Cyperus nigrofuscus T.L.Dai
- Cyperus niigatensis Ohwi
- Cyperus nipponicus Franch. & Sav.
- Cyperus niveoides C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus niveus Retz.
- Cyperus noeanus Boiss.
- Cyperus nutans Vahl
- Cyperus nyassensis (Podlech) Lye
- Cyperus nyererei Lye
- Cyperus obbiadensis Chiov.
- Cyperus oblongoincrassatus Kük.
- Cyperus obtusus Willemet
- Cyperus ochraceus Vahl
- Cyperus odoratus L.
- Cyperus ohwii chick.
- Cyperus onerosus M.C. Johnst .
- Cyperus orgadophilus K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus ornatus R.Br.
- Cyperus orthostachyus Franch. & Sav.
- Cyperus ossicaulis Lye
- Cyperus ovatus Baldwin
- Cyperus owanii Boeckeler
- Cyperus oxycarpus S.T.Blake
- Cyperus oxylepis Nees ex Steud.
- Cyperus pachycephalus J. Kern
- Cyperus pacificus (Ohwi) Ohwi
- Cyperus palianparaiensis Govind.
- Cyperus pallidicolor (Chick.) GCTucker
- Cyperus panamensis (CBClarke) Britton ex Standl.
- Cyperus pandanophyllum C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus pangorei Rottb.
- Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.) Boeckeler
- Pannonian Sedge ( Cyperus pannonicus Jacq. )
- Cyperus paolii Chiov.
- Real papyrus ( Cyperus papyrus L. ): It is distributed with four subspecies in Africa as well as on Madagascar and islands of the western Indian Ocean.
- Cyperus parishii Britton
- Cyperus pearcei C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus pectinatus Vahl
- Cyperus pedunculosus F. Muell.
- Cyperus pendulus Cherm.
- Cyperus penicillatus Conz.
- Cyperus pennatiformis chick.
- Cyperus pennellii O'Neill & Ben.Ayers
- Cyperus pentabracteatus Govind. & Hemadri
- Cyperus perangustus S.T.Blake
- Cyperus perennis (MEJones) O'Neill
- Cyperus permacer C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus pernambucensis Steud.
- Cyperus perrieri (Cherm.) Hoenselaar
- Cyperus phaeolepis Cherm.
- Cyperus phillipsiae (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus phleoides (Nees ex Kunth) H. Mann
- Cyperus picardae Boeckeler
- Cyperus pilosulus (CBClarke) K.Schum. ex Kük.
- Cyperus pilosus Vahl
- Cyperus pinetorum Britton
- Cyperus planifolius Rich.
- Cyperus plantaginifolius Cherm.
- Cyperus plateilema (Steud.) Kük.
- Cyperus platycaulis Baker
- Cyperus platyphyllus Roem. & Schult.
- Cyperus platystylis R.Br.
- Cyperus plukenetii Fernald
- Cyperus pluribracteatus (Kük.) Govaerts
- Cyperus pluricephalus Lye
- Cyperus plurinervosus Bodard
- Cyperus podocarpus Boeckeler
- Cyperus Poecilus C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus poeppigii Kunth
- Cyperus pohlii (Nees) Steud.
- Cyperus polyanthelus Govind.
- Cyperus portae-tartari K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus praemorsus Boeckeler
- Cyperus pratensis Boeckeler
- Cyperus procerus Rottb.
- Cyperus prolifer Lam.
- Cyperus prolixus Kunth
- Cyperus psammophilus Cherm.
- Cyperus pseuderemicus Kukkonen & Väre
- Cyperus pseudobrunneus (CBClarke ex Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus pseudodistans Uittien
- Cyperus pseudopetiolatus G.C. Tucker
- Cyperus pseudopilosus (CBClarke) Govaerts
- Cyperus pseudosomaliensis Kük.
- Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus (Chick.) R. Carter & SDJones
- Cyperus pseudovegetus Steud.
- Cyperus pseudovestitus (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus pubens chick.
- Cyperus pulchellus R.Br.
- Cyperus pulcher Thunb.
- Cyperus pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth
- Cyperus pulguerensis M.T.Strong
- Cyperus pulicaris chick.
- Cyperus purpureoviridis Lye
- Cyperus pustulatus Vahl
- Cyperus pycnostachyus (Kunth) Kunth
- Cyperus radians Nees & Meyen ex Kunth
- Cyperus ramosus (Benth.) Kük.
- Cyperus rapensis F.Br.
- Cyperus recurvispicatus Lye
- Cyperus redolens Maury ex Micheli
- Cyperus reduncus Hochst. ex Boeckeler
- Cyperus reflexus Vahl
- Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckeler
- Cyperus regiomontanus Britton
- Cyperus rehmii Merxm.
- Cyperus remotispicatus S.S. Cooper
- Cyperus remotus (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus renschii Boeckeler
- Cyperus retroflexus Buckley
- Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr.
- Cyperus retrorsus Chapm.
- Cyperus rheophyticus Lye
- Cyperus rhynchosporoides Kük.
- Cyperus rigens J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus rigidellus (Benth.) JMBlack
- Cyperus rigidifolius Steud.
- Cyperus robinsonii Podlech
- Cyperus rockii chick.
- Cyperus rohlfsii Boeckeler
- Tuberous sedge grass ( Cyperus rotundus L. )
- Tenerife sedge grass ( Cyperus rubicundus Vahl , Syn: Cyperus teneriffae Poir. )
- Cyperus rufostriatus C.B. Clarke ex Cherm.
- Cyperus rupestris Kunth
- Cyperus rupicola S.T.Blake
- Cyperus sahelii Vare & Kukkonen
- Cyperus sandwicensis chick.
- Cyperus sanguineoater Boeckeler
- Cyperus sartorii chick.
- Cyperus scaber (R.Br.) Boeckeler
- Cyperus scabricaulis Lye
- Cyperus scariosus R.Br.
- Cyperus schaffneri Boeckeler
- Cyperus schimperianus Steud.
- Cyperus schinzii Boeckeler
- Cyperus schlechteri C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus schoenomorphus Steud.
- Cyperus schomburgkianus Nees
- Cyperus schweinfurthii (Chiov.) Kük.
- Cyperus schweinitzii Torr.
- Cyperus sciaphilus Cherm.
- Cyperus scleropodus Chiov.
- Cyperus sculptus S.T.Blake
- Cyperus secubans K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus seemannianus Boeckeler
- Cyperus semifertilis S.T.Blake
- Cyperus semiochraceus Boeckeler
- Cyperus semitrifidus Schrad.
- Cyperus sensilis Baijnath
- Cyperus serotinus Rottb.
- Cyperus seslerioides Kunth
- Cyperus setigerus Torr. & Hook.
- Cyperus sexangularis Nees
- Cyperus sexflorus R.Br.
- Cyperus sharonensis Danin & Kukkonen
- Cyperus sharpei R.Booth, DJMoore & Hodgon
- Cyperus sieberianus Spreng.
- Cyperus sikkimensis chick.
- Cyperus silletensis Nees
- Cyperus simaoensis Y.Y.Qian
- Cyperus simplex Kunth
- Cyperus simpsonii (Muasya) Larridon
- Cyperus solidifolius Boeckeler
- Cyperus solidus Kunth
- Cyperus somalidunensis Lye
- Cyperus somaliensis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus soongoricus Kar. & Kir.
- Cyperus sordidus J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus soyauxii Boeckeler
- Cyperus spectabilis Link
- Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb.
- Cyperus sphaerocephalus Vahl
- Cyperus sphaeroideus L.ASJohnson & ODEvans
- Cyperus sphaerolepis Boeckeler
- Cyperus sphaerospermus Schrad.
- Cyperus spiralis Larridon
- Cyperus splendens (Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus sporobolus R.Br.
- Cyperus squarrosus L.
- Cyperus steadii chick.
- Cyperus stenophyllus J.V.Suringar
- Cyperus stoloniferus Retz.
- Cyperus stradbrokensis Domin
- Cyperus stramineoferrugineus Kük.
- Cyperus strigosus L.
- Cyperus subaequalis Baker
- Cyperus subbadius Kük.
- Cyperus subcaracasanus Kük.
- Cyperus subcastaneus D.A. Simpson
- Cyperus subfuscus Debeaux
- Cyperus submicrolepis Chick.
- Cyperus subpapuanus chick.
- Cyperus subtenax chick.
- Cyperus subtenuis (Chick.) MTStrong
- Cyperus subtilis (Chick.) Väre & Kukkonen
- Cyperus subulatus R.Br.
- Cyperus surinamensis Rottb.
- Cyperus svensonii G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus swartzii (A.Dietr.) Boeckeler ex Kük.
- Cyperus szechuanensis T.Koyama
- Cyperus tabina Steud. ex Boeckeler
- Cyperus tabularis Schrad.
- Cyperus tacnensis Nees & Meyen
- Cyperus tanganyicanus (Chick.) Lye
- Cyperus tanyphyllus Ridl.
- Cyperus tatandaensis Muasya & DASimpson
- Cyperus tempeae G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus tenax Boeckeler
- Cyperus tenerrimus J. Presl & C. Presl
- Cyperus tenuiculmis Boeckeler
- Cyperus tenuis Sw.
- Cyperus tenuispica Steud.
- Cyperus tenuispiculatus Boeckeler
- Cyperus tetracarpus Boeckeler
- Cyperus tetraformis Desv.
- Cyperus tetragonus Elliott
- Cyperus tetraphyllus R.Br.
- Cyperus textilis Thunb.
- Cyperus thomsonii Boeckeler
- Cyperus thorelii E.G. Camus
- Cyperus thorncroftii McClean
- Cyperus thunbergii Vahl
- Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh. ex Schltdl.
- Cyperus tomaiophyllus K.Schum.
- Cyperus tonkinensis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus trachysanthos Hook. & Arn.
- Cyperus trailii C.B.Clarke
- Cyperus trialatus (Boeckeler) J. Kern
- Cyperus trichodes Griseb.
- Cyperus trigonellus Suess.
- Cyperus trinervis R.Br.
- Cyperus trisulcus D.Don
- Cyperus × turbatus Baijnath
- Cyperus turrialbanus Gómez-Laur.
- Cyperus turrillii chick.
- Cyperus tweediei C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus uncinulatus Schrad. ex Nees
- Cyperus undulatus chick.
- Cyperus unicolor Boeckeler
- Cyperus unifolius Boeckeler
- Cyperus unispicatus Bauters, Reynders & Goetgh.
- Cyperus urbanii Boeckeler
- Cyperus usitatus Burch. ex Roem. & Schult.
- Cyperus ustulatus A.Rich.
- Cyperus vaginatus R.Br.
- Cyperus vandervekenii Reynders, Dhooge & Goetgh.
- Cyperus varicus (CBClarke ex Cherm.) Kük.
- Cyperus ventricosus R.Br.
- Cyperus vestitus Hochst. ex C. Krauss
- Cyperus victoriensis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus virens Michx.
- Cyperus viscidulus K.L. Wilson
- Cyperus volckmannii Phil.
- Cyperus volodia Cherm.
- Cyperus vorsteri K.L.Wilson
- Cyperus wallichianus Spreng.
- Cyperus whitmeei (CBClarke) Kük.
- Cyperus wilburii G.C.Tucker
- Cyperus wissmannii O.Schwartz
- Cyperus xanthostachyus Steud.
- Cyperus xerophilus Cherm.
- Cyperus yadavii Wad.Khan, DPChavan & Solanke
- Cyperus zanzibarensis C.B. Clarke
- Cyperus Zollingeri Steud.
- Cyperus zollingerioides C.B. Clarke
Species that were added to Pycreus do not belong to the genus Cyperus , for example:
- Yellowish Sedge Grass - Cyperus flavescens L. → Pycreus flavescens (L.) Rchb.
- Cyperus flavidus Retz. and Cyperus globosus All. → Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T.Koyama
- Cyperus mundii (Nees) Kunth → Pycreus mundii Nees (Syn .: Cyperus eragrostis Willk. & Lange non Lam. )
- Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. and Cyperus sonderi J.A. Schmidt → Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P.Beauv.
- Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl → Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees
etymology
The generic name Cyperus was already used by Pliny the Elder for the Zypergras. The name is derived from the Greek kýperon , which referred to a water or meadow plant with aromatic roots ( Homer , Theophrast , Herodotus ). Perhaps it comes from the Mycenaean kuparo- , which is interpreted as Cyperus longus . A connection with Greek kypros henna and kýprion plantain , both of which are viewed as Semitic loanwords, is discussed but is uncertain.
use
Few species are used. Tigernut ( Cyperus esculentus ) and nutgrass ( Cyperus rotundus ) serve as food. Papyrus was made from real papyrus ( Cyperus papyrus ) . Cyperus alternifolius is a popular houseplant.
history
swell
- China: Stuart 1911
- Antiquity: Dioscurides 1st century --- Pliny 1st century --- Galen 2nd century
- Arab Middle Ages: Avicenna 11th century --- Constantine 11th century --- Circa instans 12th century --- Pseudo-Serapion 13th century --- Ibn al-Baitar 13th century
- Latin Middle Ages: Pseudo-Macer 11th century --- German Macer 13th century --- Herbarius Moguntinus 1484 --- Gart der Gesundheit 1485 --- Hortus sanitatis 1491
- Modern times: Leonhart Fuchs 1543 --- Hieronymus Bock 1546 --- Mattioli / Handsch / Camerarius 1586 --- Nicolas Lémery 1699/1721 --- Onomatologia medica completa 1755 --- Hecker 1814/15
Historical illustrations
Herbarius Moguntinus 1484
Garden of Health 1485
Hortus sanitatis 1491
Leonhart Fuchs 1543
Hieronymus Bock 1546
Mattioli / Handsch / Camerarius 1586
literature
- Gordon C. Tucker, Brian G. Marcks, J. Richard Carter: Cyperus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515207-7 , pp. 141 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution)
- Lun-Kai Dai, Gordon C. Tucker, David A. Simpson: Cyperus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , pp. 219 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution)
- Santiago Castroviejo: Cyperus . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Modesto Luceño, Antonio Galán, Pedro Jiménez Mejías, Francisco José Cabezas, Leopoldo Medina (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. XVIII. Cyperaceae - Pontederiaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 2007, ISBN 978-84-00-08624-4 , p. 8–27 ( PDF file ). (Section description)
- David A. Simpson, A. Muthama Muasya, M. Alves, JJ Bruhl, S. Dhooge, Mark W. Chase, CA Furness, K. Ghamkhar P. Goetghebeur, TR Hodkinson, AD Marchant, AA Reznicek, R. Nieuwborg, EA Roalson, Erik Smets, JR Starr, WW Thomas, KL Wilson, X. Zhang: Phylogeny of Cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data - a new rbcL analysis. In: Aliso. Volume 23, 2007, pp. 72-83 (PDF file) . (Section systematics)
- A. Muthama Muasya, David A. Simpson, G. Anthony Verboom, Paul Goetghebeur, Robert FC Naczi, Mark W. Chase & Erik Smets: Phylogeny of Cyperaceae Based on DNA Sequence Data: Current Progress and Future Prospects. In: The Botanical Review. Volume 75, No. 1, 2009, pp. 2–21, DOI: 10.1007 / s12229-008-9019-3 (section systematics)
- A. Muthama Muasya, David A. Simpson, Mark W. Chase .: Phylogenetic relationships in Cyperus sl (Cyperaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 138, No. 2, 2002, pp. 145-153, doi : 10.1046 / j.1095-8339.2002.138002145.x . (Section systematics)
- A. Muthama Muasya, A. Vrijdaghs, David A. Simpson, Mark W. Chase, Paul Goetghebeur, Eric Smets: What is a genus in Cypereae: phylogeny, character homology assessment and generic circumscription. In: The Botanical Review. Volume 75, No. 1, 2009, pp. 52-66, DOI: 10.1007 / s12229-008-9018-4 PDF file . (Section systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Gordon C. Tucker, Brian G. Marcks, J. Richard Carter: Cyperus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515207-7 , pp. 141 (English, online ).
- ↑ a b c d e Lun-Kai Dai, Gordon C. Tucker, David A. Simpson: Cyperus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , pp. 219 (English, online ).
- ↑ Santiago Castroviejo: Cyperus . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Modesto Luceño, Antonio Galán, Pedro Jiménez Mejías, Francisco José Cabezas, Leopoldo Medina (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares . Vol. XVIII. Cyperaceae - Pontederiaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 2007, ISBN 978-84-00-08624-4 , p. 8–27 ( PDF file ).
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 44 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Cyperus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 23, 2014.
- ^ A b Cyperus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cyperus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 5, 2018.
- ↑ Ilkka Kukkonen: Flora of Pakistan 206: Cyperaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany / Missouri Botanical Press, Karachi / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-09-1 , pp. 219-240, online at efloras.org , at tropicos at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ↑ Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: 66 . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- ^ Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Exkursionsflora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- ↑ a b P. Jiménez-Mejías, M. Luceño: Cyperaceae. Cyperus. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Berlin 2011.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 195 (reprint from 1996).
- ↑ George Arthur Stuart: Chinese Materia Medica. Vegetable Kindom. Shanghai 1911, pp. 141–142: Cyperus (digitized version)
- ↑ Pedanios Dioscurides . 1st century: De Medicinali Materia libri quinque. Translation. Julius Berendes . Pedanius Dioscurides' medicine theory in 5 books. Enke, Stuttgart 1902, p. 27 (Book I, Chapter 4): Kypeiros (digitized version )
- ↑ Pliny the Elder , 1st century: Naturalis historia book XXI, chapter LXX (§ 117-118): Cyperos (digitized version ) ; Translation Külb 1855 (digitized version )
- ↑ Galen , 2nd century De simplicium medicamentorum temperamentis ac facultatibus , Book VII, Chapter 64 (based on the Kühn 1826 edition, Volume XII, p. 54): Cyperi radices (digitized version )
- ↑ Avicenna , 11th century: Canon of Medicine . Translation and adaptation by Gerhard von Cremona , Arnaldus de Villanova and Andrea Alpago (1450–1521). Basel 1556, Volume II, Chapter 148: Cyperus (digitized version)
- ↑ Constantine the African , 11th century: Liber de gradibus simplicium . Pressure. Opera . Basel 1536, p. 362: Cyperus (digitized version)
- ↑ Circa instans 12th century print. Venice 1497, sheet 194v: Ciperus (digitized)
- ^ Pseudo-Serapion 13th century, print. Venice 1497, sheet 124r – v (No CLXXXXII): Ciperus (digitized)
- ↑ Abu Muhammad ibn al-Baitar , 13th century, Kitāb al-jāmiʿ li-mufradāt al-adwiya wa al-aghdhiya. Translation. Joseph Sontheimer under the title Large compilation on the powers of the well-known simple healing and food. Hallberger, Stuttgart, Volume II 1842, pp. 21–22: Cyperus (digitized version)
- ^ Pseudo-Macer . Edition: Ludwig Choulant. Macer floridus de virtutibus herbarum… Leipzig 1832, chapter 48: Cyperus (digitized version)
- ^ German Macer . Cyperus . After: Bernhard Schnell, William Crossgrove: The German Macer. Vulgate version. Niemeyer, Tübingen 2003, chapter 72. --- Cpg 226 , Alsace, 1459–1469, sheets 202v – 203r (digitized version ) . Transcription: (.lxx. Cyprus is called madelblüte or rietgraß and is hot and print on the other grade (whoever throws it steadily in it drips the stone (whoever urges to work, it is also good (it displaces the dead birth whether the wip the boiled krut bewet (the krut brewed and the smoke to the mouth in calm dispenses the addiction is called lyenis (what healthier oneself with it jme turns into the lights (if the white and the poor smell / the juice with oley tempered and painted on it helps daruor (The juice thickly consumed spoils the wicked humores (The krut puled and tempered with honey and coated on the wonden the fule are or swern it subverts them (The puluer is sere good with the swears in the mouth (Where you put it in it) the stomach / the same puluer helps the water addicts drank thick when it dispenses the fuchtickeit (Cyprus poked vnd vff the sere lysed / that broads and braids wants to dispense the same
- ↑ Herbarius Moguntinus , Mainz 1484, Part I, Chapter 43: Cyperus, wild galien (digitized
- ↑ Gart der Gesundheit . Mainz 1485, Chapter 112: Cyperus (digitized version)
- ↑ Hortus sanitatis 1491, Mainz 1491, Part I, Chapter 121: Ciperus (digitized version )
- ↑ Leonhart Fuchs : New Kreütterbuch… Michael Isingrin, Basel 1543, chapter 172: Wilder Galgan (digitized version )
- ↑ Hieronymus Bock : New Kreütter Bůch . Wendel Rihel, Strasbourg 1546, Part II, Chapter 139: Wild Galgan (digital copy )
- ^ Pietro Andrea Mattioli : Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de medica materia. Translation by Georg Handsch, edited by Joachim Camerarius the Younger , Johan Feyerabend, Franckfurt am Mayn 1586, sheet 5r – 6r: Wilder Galgan (digitized)
- ↑ Nicolas Lémery : Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples. , Paris 1699, pp. 250-251: Cyperus (digitized version) ; Translation. Complete material lexicon. Initially drafted in French, but now after the third edition, which has been enlarged by a large [...] edition, translated into high German / By Christoph Friedrich Richtern, [...]. Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Braun, 1721, Sp. 388: Cyperus (digitized)
- ↑ Albrecht von Haller (editor): Onomatologia medica completa or Medicinisches Lexicon which explains all names and artificial words which are peculiar to the science of medicine and the art of pharmacy clearly and completely [...]. Gaumische Handlung, Ulm / Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1755, p. 530: Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus (digitized version )
- ↑ August Friedrich Hecker 's practical medicine theory. Revised and enriched with the latest discoveries by a practicing doctor . Camesius, Vienna, Volume I 1814, p. 299: Cypari longi, Cyperi rotundi… Both… formerly in use. (Digitized version)
Web links
- Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Cyperus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis