Czerwieńsk
| Czerwieńsk | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Zielonogórski | ||
| Gmina : | Czerwieńsk | ||
| Area : | 9.20 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 1 ′ N , 15 ° 26 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 4108 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 66-016 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 68 | ||
| License plate : | FZI | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Wrocław – Szczecin | ||
| Guben – Zbąszynek | |||
| Next international airport : | Zielona Góra Airport | ||
Czerwieńsk [ 'ʧɛrvʲɛɲsk ] ( German Rothenburg an der Oder ) is a town in the powiat Zielonogórski of the Polish Lubusz voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with almost 10,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The city is located in Lower Silesia on the southern bank of the Oder , about 65 kilometers northwest of Głogów (Glogau) .
history
In the 13th century the village of Netkowe was first mentioned in the area of the later town of Rothenburg . The place belonged to the Brandenburg Neumark and lay directly on the border with Silesia.
In the middle of the 16th century, the noble owner of Nettkau or Nettkow, Christoph von Rothenburg , built a castle and expanded the place. While the old settlement was now called Polish-Nettkau, the extension was called Neu-Nettkau. The Thirty Years War, from which the region on the Oder had to suffer particularly, hampered the development of the place. In 1690 Neu-Nettkau was raised to town and renamed Rothenburg.
When the Habsburgs pushed through the Counter Reformation in neighboring Silesia after the war, a border church was built in Rothenburg in 1654 , to which Protestants from the neighboring country came to worship. In the 17th century, not least because of emigrants from Silesia, the cloth trade developed.
Alexander Rudolf von Rothenburg was raised to the rank of count by King Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1736. His son Count Friedrich Rudolf von Rothenburg was one of Frederick the Great's closest friends .
In 1788, Duke Peter von Kurland , who owned the neighboring Sagan , acquired control of Rothenburg / Nettkow. His daughter Pauline brought the goods as a dowry to the family of the Swabian Hohenzollern family , who owned large estates here even after the abolition of the manor and lived in Rothenburg Castle.
Until August 6, 1816, Rothenburg an der Oder belonged to the district of Crossen in the Principality of Crossen in Neumark . In 1816 Rothenburg was annexed to the Prussian province of Silesia since 1742. The connection to the rail network took place in 1870 via the Guben – Bentschen – Posen routes of the Märkisch-Posen Railway Company and Breslau – Stettin of the Wroclaw-Schweidnitz-Freiburg Railway Company .
In 1945 Rothenburg belonged to the district of Grünberg in Silesia in the administrative district of Liegnitz in the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Empire .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . After the war ended, Soviet troops destroyed the castle. The war damage in the city was otherwise relatively minor. After the end of the war, Rothenburg an der Oder was placed under Polish administration. In the following period, the indigenous population was driven out by the local Polish administrative authority and replaced by Poland . The German town of Rothenburg an der Oder was renamed Czerwieńsk and lost its town charter.
In 1969 Czerwieńsk was declared a city.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1825 | 626 | including thirteen Catholics |
| 1846 | 864 | including 856 Evangelicals |
| 1933 | 1,430 | |
| 1939 | 1,399 |
local community
The urban-and-rural municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Czerwieńsk includes a number of villages on both sides of the Oder in addition to the city.
Partnerships
- Rotenburg an der Fulda (Hesse)
- Drebkau (Brandenburg)
- Rotenburg (Wümme) (Lower Saxony)
literature
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of all villages, towns, cities and other places in the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . Breslau 1830, p. 1008.
- Siegismund Justus Ehrhardt : Presbyterology of Evangelical Silesia . Teuil II, 1st main section, Liegnitz 1782, pp. 666–667.
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-520-31602-1 , p. 514 f.
- Przemyslaw Goralczyk: Wybrane aspekty historii miasta Czerwiensk na tle dziejow Zielonej Gory od XVI do poczatku XX wieku. In: Dawid Kotlarek, Przemysław Bartkowiak: Zielona Góra na przestrzeni dziejów. Przemiany społeczno-kulturowe. Pro Libris, Zielona Góra 2007, ISBN 978-83-88336-57-7 , pp. 196-206.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Knie (1830), p. 1008.
- ↑ For general information on the complete expulsion of the residents of the historic Neumark (including Rothenburg, p. 95), see Paweł Rutkowski (ed.): Streifzüge between Oder and Drage. Encounter with the Neumark. German Cultural Forum, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-936168-44-0 , p. 14f.
- ↑ Anders (1848), p. 432
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Grünberg (Polish Zielona Góra). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).