District of Grünberg i. Schles.

District of Grünberg i. Schles.
coat of arms
Prussian Province	Silesia (1815–1919, 1938–1941) Lower Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district	Liegnitz
County seat	Grünberg in Silesia
surface	860 km²
Residents	65,739 (1939)
Population density	76 inhabitants / km² (1939)
Communities	66 (1939)
Map of the district of Grünberg

Grünberg district, 1905

The district of Grünberg i. Schles. was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the town of Grünberg in Silesia , which formed its own urban district from 1922 to 1933 . The former district area is now in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Glogau , Prussian districts were formed from the six existing old Silesian soft images Freystadt, Glogau, Grünberg, Guhrau, Schwiebus and Sprottau. Christoph Erdmann von Nassau was appointed as the first district administrator in the Grünberg district. The district was subordinate to the War and Domain Chamber Glogau, from which in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 the administrative district Liegnitz of the province of Silesia emerged .

During the district reform of January 1, 1820 in the Liegnitz administrative district, the Grünberg district received the villages of Grunwald, Jäschane, Kolzig, Lipke, Neu Otternstädt and Schlabrendorf from the Glogau district . In the period that followed, the name Grünberg i. Schles. by.

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On April 1, 1922, the city of Grünberg i. Schles. out of the district and formed its own urban district. The district of Grünberg i. Schles. the term district . On September 30, 1929, in the district of Grünberg i. Schles. In line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, the district of Grünberg i. Schles. temporarily enlarged by the largest part of the dissolved Freystadt district and part of the dissolved Sagan district . On October 1, 1933, these areas became the Freystadt i. Lower Silesian. restored and the district of Grünberg reduced to its old size. To compensate for this, the city of Grünberg was encircled again. As a result, the district of Grünberg i. Schles. again the name circle .

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On October 1, 1938, the Grünberg district received the community of Lache from the Fraustadt district and the communities of Bruchdorf, Fleißwiese, Friedendorf, Kreutz, Ostlinde, Ostweide, Pfalzdorf, Ruden, Schönforst and Schwenten from the dissolved district of Bomst .

On January 1, 1939, the district of Grünberg i. Schles. according to the now imperial regulation the designation district . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district area, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	31,996
1819	36,400
1846	49,579
1871	51,385
1885	52,764
1900	56,826
1910	61.501
1925	35,997
1939	65,739

District administrators

• 1742–1752 00Christoph Erdmann of Nassau
• 1752–1755 00Gustav Christian von Prittwitz and Gaffron
• 1757–1783 00Maximilian Adolph von Stentzsch
• 1783–1790 00Friedrich Gottlob von Kottwitz
• 1790–1814 00Johann Ernst von Stentzsch
• 1815–1834 00Wilhelm von Nikisch
• 1834–1842 00Friedrich zu Schönaich-Carolath (1790–1859)
• 1842–1867 00Wilhelm Ernst Stephan von Bojanowski
• 1867–1887 00Ernst Carl Thure von Klinckowstroem
• 1887–1892 Günther von Seherr-Thoß (1859–1926)00
• 1892–1903 00Joachim von Lamprecht
• 1903–1911 Hans Joachim von Brockhusen (1869–1928)00
• 1911–1917 Otto Junghann (1873–1964)00
• 1917–1934 Hermann Ercklentz (1876–1962)00
• 1934–1939 00Arthur Joachim
• 1939–1942 00Helmut Grande
• 1942–1943 Herbert Suesmann (* 1885)00
• 1943–1945 00Hubert Schönberg

Local constitution

The district of Grünberg i. Schles. was divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . The communities were grouped together in administrative districts , but the communities that were taken over from the Bomst district in 1938 formed a police district . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district of Grünberg recently comprised three cities and 63 rural communities:

Old boiler Bobernig Boyadel Bruchdorf Buchelsdorf Dammerau German boiler German Wartenberg , city Drentkau Hackney Eichwaldau Industrious meadow Friedendorf Friedersdorf Fürsteneich Gabelsdorf Big Lessen

Großheiden Grünberg i. Schles. , City Grünwald Günthersdorf hammer Heinersdorf Jonasberg Kleinitz Kolzig Account Cramp cross Kühnau Külpenau Kunersdorf laugh Lansitz

Läsgen Lättnitz Lawaldau Loos Mesche Milzig Nittritz Ochelhermsdorf Ostlinde Ostweide Pfalzdorf Pirnig Plothow Friday Rothenburg (Oder) , city Ruden Schäferberg

Schertendorf Schlabrendorf Schlesisch Drehnow Schlesisch Nettkow Castle Schönforst Swarmitz Schweinitz Schwenten Seedorf Seiffersholz Little read Wittgenau tooth Zauche

The following municipalities lost their independence by 1928:

• German Wartenberg, rural community, on June 1, 1924, to the city of Deutsch Wartenberg
• Kern, to Boyadel on October 17, 1928
• Lipke, on October 17, 1928 in Kolzig
• Ludwigsthal, on October 17, 1928 in Saabor
• Mittel Ochelhermsdorf, on December 21, 1908 in Ochelhermsdorf
• Neu Nettkau, before 1908 in Rothenburg (Oder)
• Ober Ochelhermsdorf, on December 21, 1908 in Ochelhermsdorf
• Otterstädt, on October 17, 1928 in Kolzig

Place names

In the interwar period , the following parishes were renamed:

• Hohwelze → Gabelsdorf (1936)
• Karschin → Großheiden (1936)
• Polish Kessel → Altkessel (1922)
• Polish Nettkow → Schlesisch Nettkow (1920)
• Saabor → Fürsteneich (1936)
• Sawade → Eichwaldau (1936)
• Woitscheke → Schäferberg (1936)

Personalities

• Bernhard Josef Kretschmer , Lord Mayor of the City of Grünberg (1924–1941), was shot by the National Socialists because he allegedly refused to betray Jewish and Polish partisans.
• Franz Wilhelm Prince of Prussia (* 1943) entrepreneur and great-grandson of the last German Emperor Wilhelm II , born at Saabor Castle

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 225-226, item 14.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general population census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 164–171 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : District of Grünberg i. Schles.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Description of the Grünberg district from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Rolf Straubel : Biographical handbook of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
7. ^ Official Gazette of the Liegnitz Government 1819, No. 52 . Ordinance on the new district division of December 15, 1819. Liegnitz, p. 470 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 257 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
10. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
11. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 93 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
13. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
14. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
15. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
16. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. gruenberg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).