Dürnbach in Burgenland

Dürnbach im Burgenland / Vincjet ( village ) locality cadastral community Dürnbach
Basic data
Pole. District , state	Oberwart  (OW), Burgenland
Judicial district	Oberwart
Pole. local community	Chess village
Coordinates	47 ° 15 '49 "  N , 16 ° 23' 27"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 15 '49 "  N , 16 ° 23' 27"  E
height	291  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village	324 (January 1, 2020)
Building status	255 (2001)
Area  d. KG	11.5 km²
Statistical identification
Locality code	00299
Cadastral parish number	34015
Counting district / district	Dürnbach in Burgenland (10922 002)
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; GIS-Bgld

The listed belfry from 1674

Listed path chapel St. Florian

War memorial in Dürnbach

Dürnbach im Burgenland ( Croatian : Vincjet, Hungarian : Incéd) is a cadastral municipality of Schachendorf in southern Burgenland , Austria . The community was independent until 1971, before it was merged into the community of Schachendorf as part of the amalgamation of the communities.

geography

Dürnbach is located in southern Burgenland, in the Oberwart district at a distance of about 18 kilometers to the east. The village is traversed by the Dürnbach , which rises in the village and flows into the Pinka in Burg , in a southerly direction. The altitude of the place is 286  m above sea level. A.

By August 11, 2008, Dürnbach was crossed by the B63, which was particularly heavily used by heavy traffic. With the opening of the bypass road, traffic was significantly reduced.

history

Before 1244

Archaeological finds in and around Dürnbach and the surrounding area, such as Roman barrows as well as walls and remnants of bricks, indicate the first settlements in Roman times. Other finds point to smaller settlements where veterans settled in the city of Savaria (today Steinamanger) after completing their military service.

While larger cities, such as today's Ödenburg and Steinamanger, were almost completely destroyed in the turmoil of the Great Migration after the end of Roman rule in Pannonia, smaller settlements such as today's Dürnbach and Zuberbach , which were closely connected at the time, remained almost untouched. After Charlemagne's victory against the Avars, many farms and lands were given to churches and monasteries. The Salzburg church was given the land "ad siccam Sabariam" on the dried up river Sabariabach. This name probably applies to the brook in Dürnbach and not to the brook in Zuberbach (Croatian "Sabara"). In church terms, Großpetersdorf was the original parish for Dürnbach and Zuberbach.

First documentary mention

The first written mention is in 1244 under the name Inches . He belonged to the domain of the Hungarian Csem family , which had its seat in Schandorf. From 1329 Dürnbach is closely connected to that of the lordship of Rechnitz and Schlaining. In 1374 the place can be found under the name Inceed , 1479 under the name Inszeeth al. nom. Dewrbach , 1532 under Dürenbach and 1751 under Dürrenbach .

In 1527 the property of the Rechnitz rule passed to the Hungarian ruling family Batthyány .

The Urbare and Dicakonskriptionen (Steuervorschreibungen) from 1540 indicate a population of 54 inhabitants in 12 families. After the siege of Güns (Hungarian: Kőszeg) by Sultan Süleyman I in August 1532, several villages were destroyed when the Turkish army withdrew, and Dürnbach was also affected.

This resulted in a migration to the centers of Rechnitz and Güns. Epidemics further decimated the population, so that in 1540 10 of the 22 farms were empty.

The Batthyánys began to settle Croatian farmers and mercenaries from their partial possessions in Croatia in southern Burgenland in order to cultivate and repopulate the barren land. Croatian surnames now appear for the first time in the land records from 1548.

In administrative terms, a distinction was made between the so-called “magyar szer” (Hungarian side) and the “horváth szer” (Croatian side) in the land registers from the 17th century. However, the ethnic groups soon became mixed, so that German, Croatian and Hungarian families lived on both sides. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Hungarian- and German-speaking population was absorbed by the Croatian-speaking population, which led to Dürnbach becoming an almost exclusively Croatian-speaking village. In 1783 the construction of today's church was completed. Numerous fires and diseases (especially cholera in 1849) caused the population to continue to decline.

From 1900

With the beginning of the First World War the men were drafted for military service and the women took over the work on the farms. 28 men in the village were killed in the war.

In 1921, the formerly Hungarian Dürnbach came through the connection of Burgenland to Austria. As a result of the border location, sales problems arose for the farmers, who until now had mainly delivered their products to Szombathely . They had to look around for new sales markets. From then on, many worked in the Meierhöfe in the area or left their homeland for Marchfeld or other parts of Austria.

Many emigrated to the USA . In spite of everything, the first steps towards modernization and mechanization began, also due to the slow decline in the rural population and the associated loss of workers and the creation of jobs during the economic crisis. In 1926 and 1927 the sidewalks were paved with cement. In May 1934 the “corporate state constitution” was promulgated. Parties like the Social Democrats were banned, others dissolved, and the municipal council was then re-formed on the proposal of the Fatherland Front . In 1941 Dürnbach was electrified and in 1943 there was the first tractor.

Opponents (Social Democrats, Communists and National Socialists) began to offer resistance, which also gained a foothold in Dürnbach and was directed first against the Fatherland Front and, after the annexation of Austria to the German Reich, against the National Socialist regime.

A resistance group of about 30 men was formed from the area around Rechnitz, Schachendorf and Dürnbach. Observed by the Gestapo from 1938 onwards , the members were arrested and charged in the early 1940s.

The leader of the communist resistance, the tailor Johann Balaskovits (1894–1942) from Dürnbach, was executed in 1942 together with two other members of the group for high treason. The others were punished with long imprisonment in the Dachau and Mauthausen concentration camps , some of which did not survive imprisonment. After the annexation of Austria, Burgenland was dissolved and divided between the Gauen Niedergau (Lower Austria) and Styria, to which Dürnbach fell. In October, the German municipal code came into force and with that, Mayor Johann Wallner of the NSDAP alone made the decisions. At the end of 1944, the population had to help build positions at the Austro-Hungarian border, the so-called Südostwall, as part of the defense of the Reich, for which Eastern workers and Jews deported from the Hungarian Szálasi regime had to work under inhumane conditions. A total of around 300,000 people were involved in the construction.

Sometimes only a few transport options and only unclear command structures made the fight against the Red Army on the south-east wall difficult, which had been coming from western Hungary to Austria since March 1945 as part of "Operation Vienna".

At the end of the war, a 700 man strong Volkssturm unit, 42 of whom came from the village, was stationed in Dürnbach. This dissolved and dispersed on March 31, 1945. On April 4, 1945 units of the 3rd Ukrainian Front reached Dürnbach from the east. After a four-hour street fight in which several houses and 20 business facilities were destroyed, Dürnbach was captured. Several houses and the church were partially badly damaged.

20,000 Russians camped around the place; there were frequent attacks.

Mayor Wallner was imprisoned in Schlaining Castle during the denazification process . In the Second World War Dürnbach had 43 fallen and 10 missing soldiers, and 7 civilians died.

After the end of the war

In the post-war period, the agricultural dominance of the village benefited, so that food could be bartered in cities. During the occupation under the Russians, those returning from the war began to work again in the fields and in the mostly family-owned craft businesses.

Due to the lack of industry and infrastructure, however, the economic upswing in Dürnbach in the 1960s and 1970s soon passed. In spite of this, the mechanization of agriculture continued, the sewerage system and road construction were completed and the standard of living improved. The professional field also changed and expanded - Dürnbach became a typical commuter place. The preservation of Croatian culture and language became more important in the parish.

On January 1, 1971, the localities of Schachendorf , Schandorf and Dürnbach were merged to form the municipality of Schachendorf as part of the municipal structure improvement law. Since January 1996, however, Schandorf has been a separate municipality again.

The fall of the Iron Curtain (new sales markets) and Austria's accession to the EU in 1995 (reduction of prices on the market and prices of operating resources) influenced agriculture, which is still important.

Attractions

See also:  List of listed objects in Dürnbach

There are two listed buildings in the Dürnbach district:

• Bell chair / weather tower in front of the Dürnbach 100 house, built in 1674
• Way Chapel St. Florian at the intersection of the former B63 and L375

societies

• Voluntary Fire Brigade - The Dürnbach Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded on May 19, 1924. After the association was initially housed in the parish hall, its own fire station was built in 1949 . From 1990 a new fire station was built, which was blessed on June 13, 1993. This was expanded from 2008 to 2011.
• Culture, tourism and beautification association Dürnbach - The association was founded on March 28, 1978. The purpose of the association is to maintain and expand tourism in the association's territory, to protect the townscape, to preserve monuments and the local area and to practice local customs. The most important concern of the association is the preservation of the Croatian language and culture and the maintenance of Croatian customs and traditions in the predominantly Croatian town of Dürnbach.
• Pensioners 'and senior citizens' association "Sloga - Unity" - The concern of the association, founded in 1993, is to take care of the Croatian culture and language in addition to the concerns of the older generation. Various events are also offered throughout the year.
• Tamburizza Skupćina - The aim of the tamburitza - and Folklore Association Skupćina is not to let fall the Croatian folk songs in Dürnbach completely forgotten. In addition, the association also presents the music of the Croats outside the village and country borders.

Web links

Commons : Dürnbach im Burgenland  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Province of Burgenland: Dürnbach-Schachendorf bypass ( memento of the original dated August 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed April 25, 2013) 
2. ^ Community of Schachendorf: History of the district of Dürnbach (accessed on April 25, 2013)
3. ↑ Community Association Burgenland: Community is home (PDF document, 706 kB; accessed on April 25, 2013)
4. ↑ Provincial Law Gazette for Burgenland 44/1970: Law of September 1, 1970 on territorial changes of municipalities (Municipal Structure Improvement Act) (PDF document; accessed on January 1, 2018)
5. ^ Community of Schachendorf: Dürnbach Voluntary Fire Brigade (accessed on April 25, 2013)
6. ^ Community of Schachendorf: Culture, Tourism and Beautification Association Dürnbach (accessed on April 25, 2013)
7. ^ Community of Schachendorf: Tamburizzagruppe Skupćina (accessed on April 25, 2013)