DR series 81
| DR series 81 | |
|---|---|
 model
|
|
| Numbering: | 81 001-010 |
| Number: | 10 |
| Manufacturer: | Hanomag |
| Year of construction (s): | 1928 |
| Retirement: | 1963 |
| Type : | D h2t |
| Genre : | Gt 44.17 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 11,080 mm |
| Height: | 4165 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 4200 mm |
| Empty mass: | 52.0 t |
| Service mass: | 67.5 t |
| Friction mass: | 67.5 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 16.9 t |
| Top speed: | 45 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 633 kW / 860 PSi |
| Starting tractive effort: | ~ 138 kN |
| Coupling wheel diameter: | 1100 mm |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1100 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 500 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 550 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 14 bar |
| Number of heating pipes: | 114 |
| Number of smoke tubes: | 32 |
| Heating pipe length: | 3500 mm |
| Grate area: | 1.82 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 7.70 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 49.51 m² (heating pipes) 38.70 m² (smoke pipes) |
| Superheater area : | 34.00 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 95.91 m² |
| Water supply: | 8 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 3 t |
| Brake: | single-release Knorr air brake, throw lever handbrake |
The locomotives of the class 81 were tank locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn for the shunting service . The ten machines were procured as part of the standard steam locomotive program in 1928. One locomotive has been preserved.
history
With the unification of the German state railways to form the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the railway company had many different types of shunting locomotives. In many cases, outdated mainline locomotives were also used in shunting operations. Due to this large variety of types and the age of the vehicle, economical shunting was not possible. That is why the construction of shunting locomotives was planned from the beginning as part of the program for the construction of standard steam locomotives. The triple -coupled locomotives were given the series number 80 and the quadruple-coupled locomotives the series number 81.
Since the series 80 was the starting type for the standard locomotives with a wheelset traveling mass of 17.5 tons, the design of the series 81 was based closely on this type. As with the 80 series, great importance was attached to making the boiler as efficient as possible. This made it necessary to save weight in other areas. Therefore, the coupling wheels were designed with a diameter of 1.10 m instead of 1.25 m. Mass savings were also achieved in the cylinders, axles and on the engine. The weight savings also made it possible to increase the stocks of water and coal.
The boiler was one meter longer than that of the 80 series. To increase economy, the locomotives were given a superheater to use superheated steam. However, the installation of an exhaust steam feed water preheater was dispensed with. Due to the standardization of the standard locomotive program, many engine and chassis parts were interchangeable.
The locomotive could pull a 1,100-ton train at 45 km / h on the plain. With a gradient of 10 ‰ and a load of 425 tons and with 25 ‰ and 160 tons, the speed was 25 km / h. At a speed of 40 km / h the maximum continuous power was 1000 PSi. The large stocks proved advantageous. In this way, the locomotive could run for three hours under medium load without replenishing supplies.
A first series of ten copies was delivered by Hanomag in 1928 with the serial numbers 10555 to 10564. Since there were still enough locomotives of the Prussian type T 13 and other four-coupled, powerful tank locomotives in service in southern Germany, the Reichsbahn decided not to purchase any further vehicles for the time being.
In the procurement program presented by the Reichsbahn in 1939, another 60 units were planned and ordered. Due to the beginning of the Second World War , however, no further vehicles were procured. Parts that had already been manufactured were used as spare parts. After removal of the ten machines were the Bahnbetriebswerke Goslar (81001-005) and Oldenburg assigned (81006-010).
On May 15, 1935, half of the machines were stationed in the south, namely in Bavaria: 81 001 and 002 at the Regensburg depot and 81 003–005 at the Hof depot .
All ten locomotives came to the Deutsche Bundesbahn after the end of the war . The locomotives used mainly in the north-west of the republic (Oldenburg, Paderborn) were decommissioned by 1963.
81 005 was still in use as a works locomotive in AW Nied for some time after its official retirement . The 81 004 locomotive was acquired by the German Society for Railway History in 1971 . On the initiative of Eisenbahnfreunde Aurich e. V. it was erected as a memorial in Marienhafe in front of a hardware store from 1982 to 1996 . However, the memorial eventually had to give way to an expansion of the hardware store. The locomotive was therefore sold to the Hessencourrier . In 2015 the locomotive was parked in Naumburg, Hesse .
Constructive features
The locomotives had a bar frame with 70 mm thick frame cheeks. The clear width was 930 mm. At both ends of the locomotive, the frame was pulled up to the level of the buffer beam.
The locomotives had a riveted single-section long boiler with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a Schmidt smoke tube superheater . Two domes sat on top of the kettle, with a round sandpit behind each. The front dome was designed as a dining dome and had an angle grate sludge separator. The boiler was fed by two steam jet pumps. The rear dome had a Schmidt-Wagner wet steam valve regulator as a steam dome. The two Ackermann safety valves, the steam whistle and the air pump inlet valve were located on the steam dome. The fire box was made of copper. The grate had three fields, the rear field was a tilting grate.
The horizontally arranged two-cylinder superheated steam engine on the outside worked on the third wheel set. The external Heusinger control with a Kuhn loop had an internal flow as well as a control piston slide with angle valve pressure equalizers.
The landing gear was supported at three points. The suspension was provided by leaf spring packages located under the axle bearings . The spring assemblies of the first two wheel sets were connected by compensating levers. The spring assemblies of the fourth wheel set were connected by a cross compensation lever. The wheelsets were firmly stored in the frame. The two inner sets of wheels were Flanges weakened mm to 15th
The machines had a one-chamber Knorr compressed air brake and a throw lever brake . All wheelsets were braked from the front. The Nielebock-Knorr double composite air pump was located to the right of the smoke chamber and the two 400-liter air tanks were arranged across the frame in front of and behind the first set of wheels.
The compressed air-powered sand spreader of the Borsig-Reichsbahn type sanded all wheel sets when driving forwards and backwards.
All parts under steam were lubricated by a Bosch Reichsbahn high-pressure lubrication pump. The locomotive also had a steam turbine generator for electrical lighting and a steam heating device.
The water was housed in two water boxes arranged to the right and left of the long boiler. The boxes reached to the smoke chamber. Another water tank was under the coal box at the far end of the cab. The coal box was drawn in on the right and left to improve the view of the route.
literature
- Manfred Weisbrod, Hans Müller, Wolfgang Petznick: Steam locomotives (= German Locomotive Archive . Part 3 (series 61 to 98)). transpress, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-344-70841-4 .
