Tang Soo Do

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Tang Soo Do
Rhee TKD Self-Defense Drill.jpg
Korean language
Hangul : 당수 도
Hanja : 唐 手 道
MR : Tangsu do
RR : Dangsu do
Alternative name
Hangul : 수박도 1
Hanja : 手 搏 道1
MR : Subak do
RR : Subak do
Standard Chinese
Hanzi : 唐 手 道
Pinyin : Tángshǒu dào
Jyutping : Tong 4 sau 2 dou 6
Japanese language
Kanji : 唐 手 道 2
Kanji : 空手道 3
Kana : か ら て ど う
Hepburn : Karate dô
annotation
1   Renamed for the first time in 1960 in South Korea, 1995
     in USA
2   before the beginning of the 20th century - see nationalism
3   after the beginning of the 20th century

Tang Soo Do , TSD for short ( Korean 당수 도 , McCune-Reischauer Tangsudo , Revised Romanization Dangsudo ), is a martial art from Korea . The Korean term with the Hanjas ( Chinese characters ) - 唐手道 - literally means " Way of the Chinese Hand " and accordingly " teaching of Chinese art " or "school of Chinese Kampfechnik". Tang Soo Doin is primarily understood to mean those who trace their art directly or indirectly back to the five Korean schools in Korea in the 1940s . Here, due to the proliferation and popularity is part of the School of the Moo Duk Kwan ( MR Mudŏkkwan , RR Mudeokgwan , Hangeul 무덕 관 ; Hanja 武德館 ) by Master Hwang Kee of Tang Soo Do martial arts world as one of the best-known representatives.

The training content is mainly Hyeong (forms), Gicho (basic techniques) and Daeryon (partner exercises).

Etymology and Origin

Taekwondo - martial art variety of the same thing, Uetersen 2014
Clothing - Dobok - 도복 , 道 服
Black Belt Tang Soo Do Dobok.jpg
Tang Soo Do-Dobok (training suit) of a Dan wearer
Tang Soo Do Belts.jpg
Tang Soo Do belts in various levels of difficulty (from white to black belt)

The origins of the Korean Tang Soo Do lie on Okinawa near the Ryūkyū Islands in the historic Ryūkyū Kingdom . There the native martial art was initially referred to with the Okinawan term "Ti" or "Dī" ( Japanese Te , Kanji 手 ), which literally means " hand " - here " technique ". When through the lively trade on Okinawa in the historical kingdom with feudal China martial arts masters came to Okinawa and taught this martial art, they were used as a delimitation "Tōtī" or "Tōdī" ( ryūkyū Tōtī , Japanese Tōde , Kanji 唐 手 , "technique of Tang "or" Technique from China "). This martial art was later renamed Uchinādī (ryūkyū Uchinātī , Japanese Okinawa-Te , Kanji 沖 縄 手 ), literally "Hand from Okinawa" - here "Technique from Okinawa", to give the art a native character.

When Funakoshi Gichin brought the "Tōdī" (ryūkyū "Tōtī") to Japan at the beginning of the 20th century, the Kanjis (Chinese characters) for "Tōdī" (ryūkyū "Tōtī") were used in both Okinawa and Japan , there Japanese called KaraTe (literally "hand of tang" or better "technique of tang"). The Japanese term kara - か ら is not unambiguous or a homophonic term, as it can stand for both the character for "foreign" or for " Tang China " - 唐 and the character for "empty" - 空 . Funakoshi finally set the term kara - か ら to "empty" - 空 , so that from now on there was no longer any reference to the Chinese origins of the Tang dynasty . Since then, karate has mostly been translated as "empty hand".

In Japan, the term Do - 道 was often added later , meaning "Karate-Do". This followed a trend that has been observed in the Japanese martial arts landscape since around the 19th century: The martial arts Ju-Do , Aiki-Do and Ken-Do were also given a name that ended in -Do during this time. The Sino-Japanese term " Do " literally means "way", "road" or "path". This means the philosophical component of martial arts.

During the occupation of Korea by Japan (1910 to 1945) "Karate-Do" was also taught in Korea and learned by Koreans in Japan. The Korean term for karate is either Dangsu ( MR Tangsu , 당수 ; 唐 手 , literally “Hand of Tang” or “Hand from China”) or Gongsu ( MR Kongsu , 공수 ; 空手 , literally “empty hand”). In the technical literature and by practitioners, the spelling has Tang Soo Do to McCune-Reischauer established. The spelling Dangsudo after the later revised Romanization did not catch on.

The term “Tang Soo Do” is the Korean reading of the Japanese term “Karate-Do” when it was historically written in Japan with the same characters ( Kanji 唐 手 道 ) as in Korea ( Hanja 唐 手 道 ). After the nationalist movement towards the end of the Meiji period at the beginning of the 20th century, the spelling of Japanese Kanjis was changed from "Karate-Do" in Japan - Kanji " 唐 手 道 → 空手道 ". Today the Japanese "Karatedo" is called "Kongsudo" ( RR Gongsudo , Hangeul 공수도 , Hanja 空手道 ) in Korea .

Hanja, Kanji, Hanzi

In East Asia , similar to Latin or Greek in Europe (" Occident "), the Chinese characters established themselves as script and "cultural bearer". These were used in Vietnam ( Chữ Nôm ) and today they are still used in Korea ( Hanja in part), Japan or Okinawa ( Kanji ) and of course in China ( Hanzi ). However, despite having the same characters, they are pronounced or designated differently due to different languages. Due to historical and cultural development, their meaning sometimes diverges to a different extent from one another.

General MR RR Hangeul Hanja comment
Tang Tang Dang 당 唐 refers to the Chinese Tang Dynasty, also a general synonym for China
Soo Su Su 수 手 literally means "hand", depending on the context here "technology" or "method"
do do do 도 道 literally means "path", "path", "route", in the same way "spiritual path", depending on the context here "teaching", "school" - a "school of thought"

history

With the invasion of Korea by Japanese troops in 1905 and the subsequent occupation , Korean culture was Japaneseized. Japanese who studied budo settled in Korea, and Koreans who studied in Japan learned budo. Even before Japan's surrender in 1945, some Koreans had mastered the " Chinese hand " - later also known as the " empty hand " - to such an extent that they founded martial arts schools ( MR Kwan , RR Gwan , Hangeul 관 ; Hanja 館 ) 4 in Korea. In the 1940s, the first generation of the five original schools ( Kwan ) emerged. Further foundings followed after 1945. The following list shows the school start-ups in chronological order:

1940s

First generation school
school year place founder MR RR Hangeul Hanja comment
Song Moo Kwan 1943 Kaesŏng Ro Byung-jick Song Mu Kwan Song Mu Gwan 송 무관 松 武館 Student of Funakoshi Gichin
Cheong Do Kwan 1944 Seoul Lee Won-kuk Chung Do Kwan Cheong Do Gwan 청도 관 靑 濤 館 Student of Funakoshi Gichin
Moo Duk Kwan 1945 Seoul Hwang Ki Mu Deok Kwan Mu Deok Gwan 무덕 관 武德 館 -
Chang Moo Kwan 1946 Seoul Yoon Byung-in Chang Mu Kwan Chang Mu Gwan 창 무관 彰武 館 Disciple of Kanken Tōyama
Ji Do Kwan 1946 Seoul Chun Sang-sup Ji Do Kwan Ji Do Gwan 지도관 智 道 館 Student of Funakoshi Gichin

1950s

Second generation school
school year place founder MR RR Hangeul Hanja comment
Han Moo Kwan 1954 - Lee Kyo-yoon Han Mu Kwan Han Mu Gwan 한무 관 韓 武館 Disciple of Chun Sang-Sup; one of the nine kwans who founded the Kukkiwon for Taekwondo .
Oh do kwan 1955 - Choi Hong-hi ,
Nam Tae-hi		 O Do Kwan O do Gwan 오도 ​​관 吾道 館 Choi was a student of Funakoshi Gichin ; Nam was a student of Lee Won-kuk
Kang Duk Won 1956 - Hong Jong-pyo,
Chul-hee Park		 Gang Deok Won Gang Deok Won 강덕원 講 德 院 -
Jung do Kwan 1956 Seoul Lee Young-woo Jung do Kwan Jeong Do Gwan 정도 관 正道 館 -

These nine “ Kwan ” 4 or “ Gwan ” 4 ( Hangeul 관 , Hanja 館 ) 4 or “ Dojang ” ( 도장 , 道場 , also Dōjō ) together formed the foundation of the “Chinese hand” in Korea. Together they later formed the Kukkiwon . General Choi Hong-hi tried to unite and standardize them under the name " Korean Tae Kwon Do Association ", deliberately promoting the similarity with the term Taekgyeon (a traditional Korean martial art). Likewise, as early as June 30, 1960, Hwang Ki renamed his association in Korea, which had emerged from the Mu Deok Gwan , to the Korean Su Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan Association - according to the RR inscription Korean Subak Do Mu Deok Gwan Association . Subak (Subahk) is a historical Korean martial art that has not been handed down. In 1995, for the 50th anniversary of the founding, Hwang Ki - founder of Tang Soo Do Mu Duk Kwans , who has since emigrated to the USA , officially named his own association in America as Soo Bahk Do Mu Duk Kwan or US Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan Federation Inc . to - to RR -Umschrift Subak Do Mu Deok Gwan . The term Su Bahk Do - RR Subak Do , 수박도 , 手 搏 道 - literally stands for “The Dao of hand fighting technique”.

1960s

In 1961, while Choi was absent as an ambassador to Malaysia , Choi's association was renamed the Korean Tae Soo Do Association . When Choi came back in 1965, he was directly elected president of the association and changed “Tae Soo Do” ( RR Taesudo , 태수 도 ; 跆 手 道 ) to “ Tae Kwon Do ” ( RR Taegwondo , 태권도 ; 跆拳道 ). Although Choi did not stay long in this office, the name "Tae Kwon Do" was retained from now on. Notwithstanding this name change, teachers abroad taught their art as "Korean Karate", "Tang Soo Do" or "Taekwondo".

1970s

After the opening of Kukkiwon in 1973 at the latest , Hwangs Mu Deok Gwan was the last school in Korea to operate abroad as Tang Soo Do. For this reason, their students today primarily call themselves Tang Soo Doin .

“A name is nothing more than a name. All styles are basically the same, regardless of the name by which they are known. "

- Kanken Toyama

This quote illustrates the Tang Soo Do relationship to names very well. Because the range of names (Karate-Do, Taekwon-Do, Dangsu-Do, Subak-Do) ultimately always stands for different variations of the same thing with different focuses.

annotation
4th Kwan , Gwan - Hangeul 관 ; Hanja 館 - hall , building , site for public or cultural use

Tang Soo Do in Germany

As a pupil of Shin Jae-chul , a pupil of Hwang Ki , Klaus Trogemann was one of the founding trainers of the World Tang Soo Do Association in 1982, and 15 schools are affiliated with the German Tang Soo Do Association , which he founded in 1995 .

In 1996 a Tang Soo Do group was formed in the German Karate Association , which is primarily headed by Norbert Kraus, a former student of Klaus Trogemann. Five schools now belong to this group.

There are other associations that unite a few schools.

Content

Tang Soo Do-Dan porters
Hyeong ( form )

Hyeong

A Hyeong ( MR Hyŏng ; Hangeul 형 ; Hanja 形 ), also called a form , is a stylized fight against at least one imaginary opponent. Both the sequence of steps and the techniques are at least fundamentally defined. The exact execution varies depending on the association, trainer and practitioner.

Tang Soo Do mainly teaches Hyeongs that have their origins in Okinawa :

Other Hyeongs are the Chilseong Hyeongs ( MR Chilsung Hyŏng ; 칠 숭형 ; 七星 形 ) created by Hwang Ki , literally “seven star shape ”. There are also beginner hyeongs such as the Sekye Hyeongs ( MR Sae Kye Hyŏng ; 세계 형 ) of the WTSDA or the Gicho Hyeongs ( MR Ki Cho Hyŏng ; 기초 형 ; 基礎 形 ) by Hwang Ki, literally "basic form", "basic form" .

Mugisul

Mugisul ( MR Mukisul , 무기술 ; 武器 術 ) means weapons technology. The handling of weapons in Tang Soo Do - Mugisul - is not taught in all associations and therefore not in every school. In principle, each part of the training can be trained with weapons. Well-known Mugi, i.e. weapons ( MR Muki ; 무기 ; 武器 ), are Jang Bong - long stick - ( MR Jang Bong ; 장봉 ; 長 棒 ), Dan Bong - short stick - ( MR Dan Bong ; 단봉 ; 短棒 ), Dan Geom - Knife, literally short sword - ( MR Dan Gŏm ; 단검 ; 短劍 ) and Jang Geom - sword, literally long sword - ( MR Jang Gŏm ; 장검 ; 長劍 ).

Defense against these weapons as well as Hyeong, Gicho and Daeryon with weapons are taught.

Gicho

Gicho ( MR Kicho ; 기초 ; 基礎 , literally basis, foundation), also basic techniques or elementary school, is the execution of one or more techniques in a row on command. The aim is to internalize basic techniques from the Hyeongs and to practice them in isolation so that you no longer have to think about them.

Daeryon

Daeryon is usually practiced with one partner, sometimes with several partners. Different types of partner exercises with different goals have developed.

In the Sambo Daeryon , the attacker carries out three attacks in a row and the defender blocks these three before countering. The primary training goal here is to practice eye-slope coordination and the speed / strength when blocking.

In contrast to the Sambo Daeryon, the Ilbo Daeryon executes one or more counter-techniques immediately after fending off an attack.

Finally, exemptions, levers, throws, sweeps and fall school are practiced in Hosinsul .

philosophy

The term contained in Tang Soo Do Do is in the broad sense for philosophy. It is therefore an important element of this martial art.

meditation

The obligatory short meditation at the beginning and end of every training session is primarily a reflection on the training and a calming down. But also longer mediations to study the Hyeongs, Gicho or the Daeryon in order to become clear about the techniques, the procedures, the processes are common. Sometimes meditating on purely philosophical content is practiced, which rarely or not at all occurs in regular training.

Principles

Jae Chul Shin published seven principles of Tang Soo Do in his Gup Manual :

  • Honesty
  • concentration
  • endurance
  • Consideration and obedience
  • Self-control
  • humility
  • Iron will

struggle

In Tang Soo Do, the following three rules are considered to be the most important rules of combat:

  • The greatest struggle is with yourself.
  • Combat is only suitable for self-defense in an emergency.
  • The best fight is the avoided fight.

etiquette

Regardless of the respective rank, the teacher in Tang Soo Do is called Sabeom-nim .

The greeting and farewell rituals are important in every training session. In addition to the students bowing to the teacher and paying homage to the flag, a short meditation is celebrated to reflect on the training. Also the dojang is ritually honored by salutes and the entry of the entrants the flag bowed to the teacher / center of the room.

Crossed arms, hands on the hips, showing the soles of the feet and shaking hands, if a lower rank begins compared to a higher rank, are considered disrespectful towards the teacher.

Greeting ritual

Neatly lined up according to grade and seniority, the highest-ranking student conducts the welcoming ceremony:

  • Charyeot: Everyone closes their legs and hands are flat on the side.
  • Gukgi Bae Rye: The flag is greeted with the right fist going to the heart.
  • Baro: The flag is stopped, the fist goes back.
  • Anja: Everyone withdraws.
  • Muk Nyeom: Brief meditation and reflection on training with your eyes closed
  • Baro: Everyone gets up again
  • Sabeom-nim e gyeong-nye: All bow to the teacher

dress

Tang Soo Do Dobok of a student

Similar to Karate-Do, white combat suits ( Dobok , Hangeul 도복 ; Hanja 道 服 ) are worn in Tang Soo Do. These consist of trousers with an elastic or drawstring waistband and a jacket that is held together by a belt. The belt is also used to carry weapons such as knives or swords, which is why it is robust and durable. The jacket should neither be too thick (greater exertion) nor too thin (risk of tearing when packing) and the pants should not be too thin (drop exercises).

Graduations

Pupil grades are obtained according to internal school guidelines, but these can also be standardized within associations. The main reason for admission is character development and not just the techniques shown. The question also arises as to how one can better achieve certain performance targets instead of failing a candidate.

The ten student grades usually begin with the 10th grade. Each of these levels is assigned a belt color, usually in the order white, orange, green, brown, red and blue. Occasionally the collars are colored to match the color of the belt.

In contrast to most martial arts, Tang Soo Do has a rank that lies between the levels and Dan grades: The Cho Dan Bo (Dan candidate). At this stage the candidate should convince his master that he is capable of teaching and that he has mastered the basic techniques accordingly. The belt color is either dark blue or a red belt with a black vertical stripe.

Originally the Dan grades in Tang Soo Do were midnight blue, now they are mostly black. In Tang Soo Do the individual Dan grades are recorded as white stripes.

Trainers from the fourth dan usually do not wear white stripes on their belts, but a black belt with a red vertical stripe and in some associations such as the World Tang Soo Do Association two red vertical stripes are worn from the sixth dan.

White-red and black-red blocked belts are also worn by higher masters.

exams

Student exams are taken according to internal school guidelines, which can be standardized within associations. The main reason for admission is character development and not just the techniques shown.

The Dan exams, which include the Cho Dan Bo exam, are not to be understood as exams of an academic or school nature, as the candidates are usually pre-sorted in a preparatory course and therefore the exam is a celebration to present the performance to as many people from different countries as possible Origin is. Dan exams are also mostly held nationwide.

title

The following titles are currently common:

  • A Gwanjang-nim (headmaster) is usually understood as the head of a style.
  • A Sabeom-nim (master) has at least the fourth dan and has his own school.
  • A Gyosa-nim (teacher) is any Dan wearer who regularly gives training.

Competitive tournaments

Since the competition limits the repertoire of technique by rules and regulations, competition training is rarely found in Tang Soo Do. Typical disciplines at Tang Soo Do tournaments are sparring, hyeong, mugi-hyeongs and gyeokpa (break test).

Since Tang Soo Do is not widespread in Germany, there are no leagues, district championships or the like, but mostly open national championships such as the German championships of the German Tang Soo Do Association.

Personalities

Chuck Norris is particularly well-known , who studied with Jae Chul Shin Tang Soo Do in Korea and has several schools in the USA . Norris was the first 8th dan holder who did not come from Asia.

literature

  • Ho Sik Pak: Complete Tang Soo Do Manual. From White Belt to Black Belt - Volume 1 High Mountain Publishing, 2002, ISBN 0-9718609-6-3 . (Ki Cho and Hyongs up to 1st Dan)
  • Ho Sik Pak: Complete Tang Soo Do Manual. From 2nd Dan to 6th Dan - Volume 2 High Mountain Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-9718609-1-2 . (Higher Hyongs)
  • Jae Chul Shin: Traditional Tang Soo Do. Volume IV - The Advanced Hyung 2000 (Higher Hyongs, Bong Hyongs and Dan Gum Hyong)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Roberto Bonefont: Kee Hwang, Moo Duk Kwan® Founder, Part 3. 1960–1969. In: moodukkwanhistory.com. Retrieved June 12, 2020 (English, Official History of Master Hwang Ki and Moo Duk Kwan).
  2. ↑ Roberto Bonefont: Kee Hwang, Moo Duk Kwan® Founder, Part 6. 1990-2002. In: moodukkwanhistory.com. Retrieved June 12, 2020 (English, Official History of Master Hwang Ki and Moo Duk Kwan).
  3. ↑ a b Roberto Bonefont: 武德館- The Authoritative Source of Moo Duk Kwan® History. In: moodukkwanhistory.com. Retrieved June 12, 2020 (English, Official History of Master Hwang Ki and Moo Duk Kwan).
  4. ↑ Werner Lind: " Okinawa-Karate " SVB Sportverlag Berlin GmbH, 1997, p. 48
  5. ^ Werner Lind: Okinawa-Karate SVB Sportverlag Berlin GmbH, 1997, p. 253
  6. ^ Term kara - 唐. In: tangorin.com. Retrieved August 7, 2020 (English, Japanese).
  7. ^ Term kara - 唐. In: Wadoku . Retrieved August 7, 2020 (German, Japanese).
  8. ^ Gichin Funakoshi: Karate-Do Nyumon: The Master Inductory Text , translated by John Teramoto, Kodansha International, Tokyo 1988, p. 24
  9. ↑ Alex Gillis, Thomas Kuklinski-Rhee: Deadly art. The Hidden Story of Tae Kwon Do 2012, pp. 37, 46-47
  10. ↑ Ho Sik Pak: Complete Tang Soo Do Manual. From 2nd Dan to 6th Dan - Volume 2 High Mountain Publishing, California USA 2005, pp. 21-25
  11. ↑ Alex Gillis, Thomas Kuklinski-Rhee: Deadly art. The Hidden Story of Tae Kwon Do 2012, p. 69
  12. ↑ Alex Gillis, Thomas Kuklinski-Rhee: Deadly art. The Hidden Story of Tae Kwon Do 2012, p. 74
  13. ↑ Alex Gillis, Thomas Kuklinski-Rhee: Deadly art. The Hidden Story of Tae Kwon Do 2012, p. 98
  14. ↑ Thomas Heinze: The Masters of Karate and Kobudo: Part 1: Before 1900
  15. ^ German Tang Soo Do Association eV Germany ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: www.dtsdv.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  16. ↑ TSD in DKV
  17. ↑ Traditional Tang Soo Do Germany
  18. ↑ Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan Bund Germany
  19. ^ Tang Soo Do Verband Deutschland eV ( Memento from December 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: www.wiesbaden.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  20. ↑ German Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan Association (DSMV) eV ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: www.moodukkwan.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  21. ↑ Ho Sik Pak: Complete Tang Soo Do Manual. From 2nd Dan to 6th Dan - Volume 2 High Mountain Publishing, California USA 2005, pp. 40–45
  22. ↑ Jae Chul Shin: Traditional Tang Soo Do Volume IV. The Advanced Hyung Philadelphia USA 2000, pp. 89-94, 151
  23. ↑ Jae Chul Shin: Traditional Tang Soo Do Volume II. The Basics , Philadelphia USA 1995, pp. 3-4
  24. ↑ DTSDV - What is Tang Soo Do? ( Memento of December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: www.dtsdv.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  25. ↑ Terminology TTSDD
  26. ^ A b Norbert Kraus, Manfred Knürr: Tang Soo Do - Korean Martial Art. Forms Volume 1 , Ismaning 2008, p. 84
  27. ↑ belt system DTSDV - philosophy of some belt colors ( Memento of 27 December 2013, Internet Archive ). In: www.dtsdv.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  28. ↑ a b belt system of the TTSDD
  29. ^ The German Tang Soo Do Association - Klaus Trogemann with 6th Dan ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: www.dtsdv.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  30. ↑ the WTSDA site
  31. ^ German Tang Soo Do Championship 2012 in Eching / Munich ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: www.dtsdv.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  32. ↑ Chuck Norris on Tang Soo Do World