Turkey Demographics

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Population growth in Turkey from 1961 to 2016 (population in thousands of inhabitants)

Since the founding of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923, the population has increased about sixfold until 2014. In 1927 there were almost 13.7 million people in Turkey, in 2003 it was almost 70 million. As of December 31, 2016, 79,814,871 people were living in the country.

In 1961, at the urging of Turkey, Turkey and the Federal Republic of Germany concluded an agreement that made it possible for guest workers to immigrate to West Germany.

Many members of minorities in Turkey and millions of Turks emigrated . After the fall of the Iron Curtain , numerous repatriates and immigrants came to Turkey.

Censuses

A census was carried out every five years from 1930 to 1990 . Since 1990 this has been carried out every ten years (on one day in October); other demographic, social and economic data on the population are also collected.

year population
1927 13,648,000
1930 14,448,000
1935 16.158.018
1940 17,820,950
1945 18,790,174
1950 20,947,188
1955 24,064,763
1960 27,754,820
1965 31,391,421
1970 35.605.176
1975 40,347,719
1980 44,736,957
1985 50,664,458
1990 56.473.033
2000 67.844.903
2007 70.586.256
2008 71.517.100
2009 72,453,974
2010 73,722,988
2011 74.724.269
2012 76,667,864
2013 77,695,904
2014 78.741.053
2015 78.741.053
2016 79.814.871

Turkey has a comparatively young population. The average age of the Turkish population in 2011 was around 29.2 years. In 2011, 25.6% of citizens were 0 to 14 years old, 67.2% 15 to 64 years and only 7.2% over 65 years old. In 1999 there was an average of one doctor for every 859 inhabitants. The life expectancy was 72.62 years in Turkey (men 70.18 years and women 75.18 years). The 2014 Human Development Index ranked Turkey 62nd out of 188 countries evaluated.

Facts

Turkey birth rate by province (2013)
  • 4 - 5
  • 3 - 4
  • 2 - 3
  • 1.5-2
  • 1 - 1.5
    • Development of child mortality (deaths per 1000 births)
    Population: 76,667,864 (2013)
    Age structure:
    • 0-14 years old: 25.6%
    • 15-64 years old: 67.2%
    • 65 years old and older: 7.2%
    Population growth: 1.6% (2013)
    Birth rate: 16.15 births / 1,000 people (2008)
    Death rate: 6.02 deaths / 1,000 people (2008)
    Gender relations:
    • at birth: 1.05: 1 (male: female)
    • under 15 years old: 1.04: 1
    • 15-64 years old: 1.03: 1
    • 65 years old and older: 0.84: 1
    • Total population: 0.9825: 1 (2008)
    Child mortality : 12.7 deaths / 1,000 live births (2016)
    Life expectancy:
    • Total population: 73.14 years
    • Men: 70.67 years
    • Women: 75.73 years (2008)
    Total fertility rate : 1.87 births / woman (2008)
    Literacy level :
    • Total population: (from 15 years) 87.4%
    • Men: 95.3%
    • Women: 79.6% (2008)
    Religions : Islam > 99% ( Sunnis and Alevis ), others <1% Christianity, Judaism
    Languages: Turkish and other Turkic languages , Kurmani , Zaza , Adygean , Arabic , Armenian , Lasic , Georgian , Modern Greek , Serbo-Croatian , Bulgarian and other languages
    Ethnic groups: (over 0.5% of the population) Turks / Turkic peoples , Kurds , Circassians , Albanians , Arabs , Georgians , Bosnians

    ethnicities

    The exact ethnic composition of the population in Turkey cannot be determined. Ethnic affiliation is not recorded in official censuses . The mother tongue and second language were recorded until 1965.

    Muslim and Non-Muslim Population of Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands)
    year 1914 1927 1945 1965 1990 2005
    Muslims 12,941 13,290 18,511 31,139 56,860 71,997
    Greeks 1,549 110 104 76 8th 3
    Armenians 1,204 77 60 64 67 50
    Jews 128 82 77 38 29 27
    Other 176 71 38 74 50 45
    total 15,997 13,630 18,790 31,391 57.005 72,120
    Proportion of non-Muslims 19.1% 2.5% 1.5% 0.8% 0.3% 0.2%

    languages

    The languages ​​of Turkey sorted by language families and number of speakers:

    1965 census (language)

    According to the 1965 census, the population was 31,391,421. The question was asked about the mother tongue and the second language.

    language native language (only spoken language) second language
    Abasin 4,563 280 7,556
    Albanian 12,832 1,075 39,613
    Arabic 365.340 189,134 167.924
    Armenian 33.094 1,022 22,260
    Bosnian 17,627 2,345 34,892
    Bulgarian 4,088 350 46,742
    Pomakish 23,138 2,776 34,234
    Circassian 58,339 6,409 48,621
    Croatian 45 1 1,585
    Czech 168 25th 76
    Dutch 366 23 219
    English 27,841 21,766 139,867
    French 3,302 398 96,879
    Georgian 34,330 4,042 44,934
    German 4,901 790 35,704
    Greek 48.096 3,203 78.941
    Italian 2,926 267 3,861
    Kurmanji 2,219,502 1,323,690 429.168
    Sephardic 9,981 283 3,510
    Lasisch 26,007 3,943 55,158
    Persian 948 72 2,103
    Polish 110 20th 377
    Portuguese 52 5 3.233
    Romanian 406 53 6,909
    Russian 1,088 284 4,530
    Serbian 6,599 776 58,802
    Spanish 2,791 138 4,297
    Turkish 28.289.680 26,925,649 1,387,139
    Zazaisch 150,644 92,288 20,413

    Source: Heinz Kloss & Grant McConnel, Linguistic composition of the nations of the world, vol, 5, Europe and USSR, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1984, ISBN 2-7637-7044-4

    Religions

    Main article: Religions in Turkey

    Classification of Religions in Turkey:

    Article 24 of the 1982 constitution restricted freedom of belief to the individual and prescribed a strict separation of religion and state . Religious communities cannot assert any rights from the constitutional section.

    The Sunni Islamic institutions are administered by the state Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı , the Bureau for Religious Affairs . It regulates the training of about 100,000 imams and muezzins , pays and maintains the mosques and specifies the content of the sermons to be delivered nationwide . The other religious groups, on the other hand, administer themselves, receive less government support, but enjoy more internal autonomy.

    According to official statistics, 99.8% of the Turkish population is Muslim . Estimates of the number of Sunnis and Alevis vary widely. According to this, 65 to 85% are Sunnis, the remaining 15 to 35% Alevis. In addition, 0.1% Christians (60,000) and 0.02% Jews (17,000) live in Turkey . In 1918, however, there were still around 2,983,000 Christians living in what is now Asian Turkey, of which 1,479,000 were Armenians and 1.5 million Greeks . In 1923 there were still 100,000 Jews in Turkey .

    The official figures are incorrect because every resident of Turkey, unless explicitly declared a member of another religion, is automatically recorded as a Muslim. There is no counterpart to leaving the church , so that atheists and agnostics are also officially listed as Muslims. The number of non-religious residents of Turkey is therefore not known.

    Turkey demographic target (2013)

    In Turkey there are guidelines from the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2013): "Turkish women should have at least three children" and "it is his right as head of government to demand this".

    Web links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Turkish Institute for Statistics
    2. ↑ see also en: Immigration to Turkey
    3. ↑ As of and including 2007 according to the data from the Turkish Institute for Statistics as of December 31.
    4. ↑ Turkish Institute for Statistics
    5. ↑ United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Human Development Report 2015 . Ed .: German Society for the United Nations eV Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin ( undp.org [PDF; 9.3 MB ; accessed on November 1, 2016]). Page 247.
    6. ↑ TurkStat. TurkStat, 2013, accessed March 22, 2015 .
    7. ↑ World Bank. Retrieved October 31, 2017 .
    8. ↑ İçduygu, A., Toktas, S., & Soner, BA (2008): The politics of population in a nation-building process: emigration of non-muslims from turkey . Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31 (2), 358-389.
    9. ↑ Ernst Kausen (2008): The historical and current languages ​​in the area of ​​today's Turkey and their genetic classification (DOC; 36 kB)
    10. ↑ Recep Tayyip Erdogan calls for three children per Turkish woman, (article from August 8, 2013, focus.de) , accessed on October 6, 2016.