Otyń
| Otyń | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Novosolski | ||
| Gmina : | Otyń | ||
| Area : | 8.11 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 51 ' N , 15 ° 43' E | ||
| Residents : | 1200 (2004) | ||
| Postal code : | 67-106 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 68 | ||
| License plate : | FNW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Zielona Góra - Wroclaw | ||
| Next international airport : | Poznan Airport | ||
Otyń ( German German Wartenberg ) is a city in the powiat Nowosolski of the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with about 6900 inhabitants.
Geographical location
The village is located in the west of Lower Silesia on the Ochel , shortly before its confluence with the Oder , about twelve kilometers southeast of Zielona Góra ( Grünberg in Silesia ).
history
In 1313 the city of Wartenberg was first mentioned, it was founded by a noble family. In 1332 the parish church was built.
Until 1488 Wartenberg was owned by the Zabeltitz family , after which the village belonged directly to the Bohemian crown. In 1516 the von Rechenberg family became owners of the town. The manor had its seat in a moated castle on the Ochel just outside the city. As a result of the Reformation , the city became completely Protestant after 1555. When Johann Georg Freiherr von Rechberg died without male descendants in 1610, his estate should be transferred to someone from the sidelines of the family, Melchior Freiherr von Rechenberg auf Schlawa (after his death in 1625 to his son Balthasar von Rechenberg). Hans Ernst Freiherr von und zu Sprinzenstein, Imperial Colonel and President of the Chamber, however, as the deceased's son-in-law, claimed the rule of German Wartenberg for his wife, Helena Freiin von Rechenberg (1592–1628). The disputes that followed over the succession dragged on for several decades and caused a sensation in Silesia.
Sprinzenstein was able to assert himself as a Catholic and above all a supporter of the Jesuits and, one year after the death of his wife, he took the oath of homage to Emperor Ferdinand II as heir to the rule . He died without descendants on November 2, 1639 and bequeathed his property to the Jesuit Order on the condition that it remained under the disposal of his second wife, Countess Eleonra von Harrach († December 30, 1645) during his lifetime . Only after the end of the Thirty Years' War could the Jesuits take over the inheritance in 1649, although their appearance in Wartenberg itself was delayed again until autumn 1650 by the withdrawal of the Swedes from the Principality of Glogau. Now the Rechenberg family again raised claims to the dominion of Deutsch Wartenberg. Finally, in 1661, the emperor ordered the family to rest on the matter for good. Viticulture developed during the time of the Jesuits . Since 1662 a cloth makers guild has been recorded in the city. The parish church was redesigned in the Baroque style. In 1681 the Jesuits built the partly existing castle on the Ochel. The town hall was built around this time ( rebuilt in a classical style in 1844 ). The castle church was built in 1705. In 1766 there was a cotton manufacture, a cloth factory, hosiery knitting chairs and silk construction in Wartenberg.
After the Jesuit order was dissolved in 1776, the Prussian state became the owner of the rulership. He sold it in 1787 to Peter von Biron , Duke of Courland and Sagan . At that time the city had 699 inhabitants. The city name Wartenberg was given the addition of German in 1788 to distinguish it from Polish-Wartenberg in northern Lower Silesia, which was given the name Groß-Wartenberg at the same time .
After Peter von Biron's death in 1800 his daughter Dorothea , married Duchess of Talleyrand-Périgord , inherited the dominion of Deutsch-Wartenberg; after her death in 1862 she passed on to her children Duke Alexander von Dino, Marquis of Talleyrand-Périgord and Pauline, Marquise of Talleyrand-Périgord, who was also known as "Duchesse de Sagan" in Marcel Proust's work. In 1879 Alexander von Dino sold the city and the part of the rule that lay on the right side of the Odra to Minister of State a. D. Karl Rudolf Friedenthal († 1890), married by his daughter Renate. Baroness von der Lancken-Wakenitz (born 1868 in Berlin) was inherited. In the 1920s she transformed the property with a size of 4314 hectares into a real estate GmbH .
The part of the rulership lying to the right of the Oder, known as "Herrschaft Kleinitz" (Polish: "Klenica"), was inherited by Pauline de Talleyrand around 1870 and built a hunting lodge next to the old castle. After her, Kleinitz went to her daughter Marie de Castellane, who was married to Prince Anton Friedrich Wilhelm Radziwill, a grandson of Anton Radziwiłł . The Radziwills had both castles expanded in 1903.
In 1900 the “Edelweiß” bicycle factory started production. With the commissioning of the Neusalz - Kontopp railway line in 1901, the city was connected to the railway network . In 1927 Radziwill's heirs, the princes Czartoryski , sold Kleinitz to the “Silesian Landgesellschaft” and the estate was parceled out.
Until 1945 Deutsch Wartenberg belonged to the district of Grünberg in the administrative district of Liegnitz in the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Empire .
Towards the end of World War II , the city was occupied by the Red Army . Shortly afterwards it was placed under Polish administration. For Deutsch Wartenberg, the Poles introduced the place name Otyń . In the following period, the townspeople were expelled from Deutsch Wartenberg by the local Polish administrative authority and replaced by Poles.
In 1946 Otyń, which only had 600 inhabitants, lost its town charter, as Polish municipal law required a minimum number of 2000 inhabitants. On January 1, 2018 Otyń received city rights again.
Population figures before 1945
- 1933: 954
- 1939: 927
Attractions
- Ruins of the former Gothic castle from the 15th century, which later served as a Jesuit monastery.
- Late Gothic parish church dedicated to the Holy Cross from 1585.
School system
Otyń has two kindergartens, a primary school and a high school.
local community
The town itself and a number of villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Otyń. The area of the municipality covers 9,164 hectares, of which 44.5% are forests.
Personalities
- Karl Josef Raabe (1780–1849), painter
- Georg Neumann (1901–1963), politician
- Kurt Essen (1904–1993), Protestant pastor, persecuted by the Nazi regime and peace activist.
literature
- Sławomir Brzezicki: Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland. Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X .
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-520-31602-1 .
Web links
- City website at otyn.pl (Polish).
- Gallery of old photos. on e-musial.pl
- Catholic parish. on parafia-otyn.pl
Individual evidence
- ↑ Compare Collegii Iurisconsultorum in Academia Ingolstadiensi consilia sive responsa… Ingolstadt 1614, on reader.digitale-sammlungen.de
- ↑ Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 24 lipca 2017 r. w sprawie ustalenia granic niektórych gmin i miast, nadania niektórym miejscowościom statusu miasta, zmiany nazwy gminy oraz siedzib władz niektórych gmin in the Aktów Prawnych Internetowy system
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Grünberg (Polish Zielona Góra). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).