German elephant
| German elephant | ||||||||||||
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German elephant ( Inula germanica ) |
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| Pentanema germanicum | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) D.Gut. Lousy. et al. |
The German Elecampane ( Pentanema anglicum ), and Germany-Elecampane called, is a species of the genus Pentanema within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The German Alant is a perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 60 centimeters.
The simple, undivided and almost entire leaves have a heart-shaped base and are arranged alternately on the stem . The leaves are hairy on both sides, with the hairiness on the underside being thicker. Glands on both sides make them aromatic. The leaf blade of the central stem leaves is elongated-elliptical to elongated-lanceolate in shape and mostly 15 to 25 millimeters wide.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time of the German alant extends in Central Europe from July to August. In schirmrispigen total inflorescence plurality of 7 to 11 mm measured by densely basket-shaped part arranged inflorescences. On the basket envelope are in several rows bracts arranged. On the chaff-free basket base, which represents the inflorescence axis , female ray florets are arranged in dense spirals on the outside and hermaphrodite tubular flowers on the inside . The ray-flowers are strongly zygomorphic and the tongue-shaped, golden-yellow border protrudes over the basket shell by usually 1 to 2 mm. The radially symmetrical , fused-leaf tubular flowers usually have five corolla lobes . Tubular flowers have five stamens . The stamens are free but the anthers have grown together to form a tube. Tongue and tube blooms have an under constant ovary with a pen with two scars .
The achenes are about 1.5 millimeters long and glabrous. At the upper end of the achenes is a pappus , which consists of feathered hair.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
The German Elecampane is a hemicryptophytes which Überdauerungs buds close to the ground is formed. He's a root creeper.
The flower heads combine many small flowers to form a flower-like structure and behave as a unit in terms of pollination biology , i.e. that is, they form a pseudanthium . The pappus is used by the mature achenes to spread wind .
Occurrence
Inula germanica has a Pontic - Pannonian - Balkan distribution area and occurs in Central , Southeastern and Eastern Europe as well as in West Asia and the Caucasus . In the German-speaking area , the species is indigenous only in Austria and Germany .
In Austria, the German elephant occurs only in the Pannonian area in the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland, very rarely on dry bushes and semi-dry grassland near the forest in the colline altitude . The German elephant is considered endangered in Austria.
The German Alant is considered to be limestone and often grows over loess . In Central Europe it often occurs together with the Alsatian hair strand ( Peucedanum alsaticum ) in plant communities of the Geranion sanguinei association and also of the order Festucetalia valesiacae.
Taxonomy
The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Inula germanica L. by Carl von Linné After Gutiérrez-Larruscain et al. In 2018, some species from the genus Inula were added to the genus Pentanema . There was a new combination to Pentanema germanicum (L.) D.Gut. Lousy. et al. in David Gutiérrez-Larruscain, Maria Santos-Vicente, Arne A. Anderberg Enrique Rico, M. Martínez-Ortega: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. In: Taxon , Volume 67, Issue 1, March 2018 on page 159.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Pentanema anglicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 897 .
- ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 921 .
- ^ W. Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Inula germanica. In: The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity , accessed on January 3, 2015
- ↑ David Gutiérrez-Larruscain, Maria Santos-Vicente, Arne A. Anderberg Enrique Rico, M. Martínez-Ortega: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. In: Taxon , Volume 67, Issue 1, March 2018, pp. 149–164. doi : 10.12705 / 671.10
Web links
- Inula germanica L., German elephant. In: FloraWeb.de.
- German elephant . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Thomas Meyer: Alant Inula germanica data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).