Dieffenbachia
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Dieffenbachia bowmannii |
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The Dieffenbachia ( Dieffenbachia ) are a genus of plants from the Arum family (Araceae). The approximately 51 Neotropical Dieffenbachia species are distributed from Costa Rica to Colombia . Some varieties are popular houseplants , on the one hand because of their striking leaves and on the other because they also thrive in shady locations. In tropical countries they are also planted as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. Contact with the sap of the plant can lead to rashes due to the calcium oxalate crystals it contains .
description
Dieffenbachia species are evergreen , perennial herbaceous plants that are sometimes shrub-like in size. The upright to prostrate, often thick stem is often only leafed in the upper area in older specimens. The alternate and usually spirally arranged leaves are usually clearly divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The mostly large leaf blades are simple, ovate to obscure-lanceolate and often patterned; some varieties are variegated.
Dieffenbachia species are single sexed ( monoecious ). Your typical Arum inflorescences not fall once their individual bracts in Araceae spathe called attention to. The durable spathe is tubular and somewhat constricted in the middle. The spathe tube is usually greatly elongated and remains until the fruit is ripe. In the case of the cylindrical piston (spadix), the female section hangs close to the spathe and the female flowers are arranged relatively loosely. The unisexual flowers do not have an inflorescence . The female flowers have a circle on four to five staminodes .
In the fruit cluster, the spathe tube splits open when ripe to reveal the fruit. The berries, which are scarlet or orange when ripe, stand close together on the cob.
The parts of the plant contain calcium oxalate crystals and are poisonous for people and animals (such as domestic cats who like to chew on indoor plants).
Its adaptability is very high, which is why it is well suited as a houseplant. Usually it absorbs much more water than it needs or can evaporate through its leaves. The excess liquid is transported to pores on the tips of the leaves, where the water is released. This process is called guttation .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Dieffenbachia was established by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1829 with the type species Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott in the Wiener Zeitschrift für Kunst, Litteratur, Theater und Mode 1829, 3, p. 803. Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, director of the Botanical Garden in Vienna from 1845 to 1865, honored his long-time head gardener Joseph Dieffenbach (1796–1863) with the generic name Dieffenbachia . A synonym for Dieffenbachia Schott is Maguirea A.D.Hawkes .
The genus Dieffenbachia belongs to the tribe Dieffenbachieae in the subfamily Aroideae within the family of Araceae .
There are about 51 Dieffenbachia species (complete species list):
- Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia Engl . : Sis is common in Brazil , Argentina and Paraguay .
- Dieffenbachia antioquensis Linden & André : The home is Colombia .
- Dieffenbachia aurantiaca Engl .: It occurs in Costa Rica and Panama .
- Dieffenbachia beachiana Croat & Grayum : It occurs from northeastern Costa Rica to northern Panama.
- Dieffenbachia bowmannii Carrière : It is one of the large-leaved species that is used as an ornamental plant with some varieties. It occurs from Colombia to Brazil.
- Dieffenbachia brittonii Engl .: The home is Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia burgeri Croat & Grayum : It was first described in 2004 from Costa Rica.
- Dieffenbachia cannifolia Engl .: It is common in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru .
- Dieffenbachia concinna Croat & Grayum : The home is Costa Rica and Nicaragua .
- Dieffenbachia copensis Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia cordata Engl .: The home is Peru.
- Dieffenbachia costata Klotzsch ex Schott : The home is Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
- Dieffenbachia crebripistillata Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia daguensis Engl .: The homeland is Colombia and Ecuador.
- Dieffenbachia davidsei Croat & Grayum : It was first described in 2004 from Costa Rica.
- Dieffenbachia duidae (Steyerm.) GSBunting (Syn .: Spathicarpa duidae Steyerm. ): Home is Venezuela and Guayana.
- Dieffenbachia elegans A.MEJonker & Jonker : It is common in tropical South America.
- Dieffenbachia enderi Engl .: The homeland is Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia fortunensis Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia fosteri Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia fournieri N.E.Br. : The home is Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia galdamesiae Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia gracilis Huber : It occurs from northern Brazil to Peru.
- Dieffenbachia grayumiana Croat : It is common in Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia hammelii Croat & Grayum : The home is Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
- Dieffenbachia herthae Diels : The home is Ecuador.
- Dieffenbachia horichii Croat & Grayum : It was first described in 2004 from Costa Rica.
- Dieffenbachia humilis Poepp. : It is common in tropical South America.
- Dieffenbachia imperialis Linden & André : The home is Peru.
- Dieffenbachia isthmia Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia killipii Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia lancifolia Linden & André : The home is Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia leopoldii W.Bull : The home is Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia longispatha Engl. & K.Krause : It is common from Panama to Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia lutheri Croat : This species, which was first described in 2004, only occurs in Panama.
- Dieffenbachia macrophylla Poepp. : The home is Peru.
- Dieffenbachia meleagris L. Linden & Rodigas : It occurs in Ecuador.
- Dieffenbachia × memoria-corsii Fenzl
- Dieffenbachia nitidipetiolata Croat & Grayum : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia obliqua Poepp. : The home is Peru.
- Dieffenbachia obscurinervia Croat : It was first described in 2004 from Panama.
- Dieffenbachia oerstedii Schott : It is distributed from southern Mexico to Ecuador.
- Dieffenbachia olbia L. Linden & Rodigas : The home is Peru.
- Dieffenbachia paludicola N.E.Br. ex Gleason : It is widespread from northern South America to Brazil.
- Dieffenbachia panamensis Croat : It was first described from Panama in 2004.
- Dieffenbachia parlatorei Linden & André : It is common in Colombia and Venezuela.
- Dieffenbachia parvifolia Engl .: It is common in tropical South America.
- Dieffenbachia pittieri Engl. & K.Krause : Home is Panama.
- Dieffenbachia rodriguezii Croat & O.Ortiz : The species first described in 2017 occurs in Costa Rica.
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Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott : The distribution area extends from the Caribbean islands to tropical South America. This species includes many varieties that are used as ornamental plants: Here are some varieties:
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Lineata (K.Koch & CDBouché) Engl. (Syn .: dieffenbachia lineata K.Koch & CDBouché )
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Lingulata (Schott) Engl. (Syn .: Dieffenbachia lingulata Schott )
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine : This is the current name for many varieties that are marketed with a number of different botanical names, but which are now synonyms for this variety (Syn .: Arum seguine Jacq. , Caladium maculatum Lodd. Et al. , Dieffenbachia amoena hort., Dieffenbachia baraquiniana Verschaff. & Lem. , Dieffenbachia exotica hort., Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd. Et al.) G. Don , Dieffenbachia picta Schott , Dieffenbachia picta var. Baraquiniana (Verschaff. & Lem.) Engl. )
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Ventenatiana (Schott) Engl. (Syn .: dieffenbachia ventenatiana Schott )
- Dieffenbachia shuttleworthiana rule : It occurs only in Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia standleyi Croat : It was first described in 2004 from Honduras.
- Dieffenbachia tonduzii Croat & Grayum : It is distributed from Nicaragua to Ecuador.
- Dieffenbachia weberbaueri Engl .: The home is Peru.
- Dieffenbachia weirii Berk. : The homeland is western Colombia.
- Dieffenbachia wendlandii Schott : It is distributed from Mexico to Central America.
- Dieffenbachia williamsii Croat : It was first described in 2005 from Bolivia.
- Dieffenbachia wurdackii Croat : It was first described from Peru in 2005.
use
Of some species there are some varieties that are used as ornamental plants .
Variety selection:
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Morlof'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Topic Alix'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Tropic Snow'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Anne'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Camille'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Exotica Compacta'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Exotica'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Perfection'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Forest'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'lancifolia'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Perfection Compacta'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Rebecca's Jewel'
- Dieffenbachia seguine var. Seguine 'Silver'
- Dieffenbachia 'Angustior'
- Dieffenbachia 'Bali Hai'
- Dieffenbachia 'Bausei'
- Dieffenbachia 'Golden Sunset'
- Dieffenbachia 'Hilo'
- Dieffenbachia 'Nelly'
- Dieffenbachia 'Paradise'
- Dieffenbachia 'Rebecca'
- Dieffenbachia 'Starry Nights'
- Dieffenbachia 'Triumph'
- Dieffenbachia 'Tropic Star'
- Dieffenbachia 'Victory'
A number of plant diseases cause difficulties in cultivation. Some types of bacteria and fungi are particularly problematic.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c R. J. Henny, AR Chase & LS Osborne: Dieffenbachia Production Guide - Online. at Mid-Florida Research & Education Center at the University of Florida - IFAS.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry at cate-araceae.org . ( Memento of the original from April 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Yasin J. Nasir: Araceae: Entry in the Flora of Pakistan .
- ↑ Dieffenbachia is dripping - what is the cause? Retrieved June 22, 2019 .
- ^ Dieffenbachia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b c Dieffenbachia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dieffenbachia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ↑ a b c Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Founded by Robert Zander , 18th edition, Volume 2, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
