Dmitri Alexandrovich Guryev

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Dmitri Alexandrowitsch Gurjew ( Johann Rombauer , 1818)

Dmitry Alexandrovich Guryev ( Russian Дмитрий Александрович Гурьев ; born January 7, jul. / 18th January  1758 greg. In St. Petersburg , † September 30 jul. / 12. October  1825 greg. ) Was a Russian officer, civil servant and politician .

Life

Guryev was the son of the poor noble brigadier Alexander Grigoryevich Guryev. His godfather was Count Sergei Pavlovich Jaguschinski . He received a home education and entered the civil service in November 1772 as a soldier in the Ismailovsky Life Guard Regiment , in which he was promoted to corporal after a week . He became a sergeant in 1773 , Praporschtschik in 1779 , Podporutschik in 1782 , Porutschik in 1783 and Kapitan-Porutschik in 1785. His fast career was facilitated by his personal relationships and in particular by the protection of the great nephew Katharinas I. Count Pawel Martynowitsch Skawronski , whom he was useful in his marriage to the niece of Prince Grigory Alexandrovich Potjomkin . In 1785 Guryev married Countess Praskowa Nikolajewna Saltykowa (1764-1830) with 3000 souls in order to rise to the St. Petersburg aristocracy , for which Count Skawronski gave him 3000 souls. Gurjew became chamberlain in 1786 , master of ceremonies in 1794 and real chamberlain in 1795 (6th class ).

In January 1797 Guryev became court master at the court of Grand Duke Alexander I , where he joined the circle of young friends of Alexander I: Count Pawel Alexandrowitsch Stroganow , Viktor Pavlovich Kotschubei , Nikolai Nikolayevich Novossilzew and Adam Jerzy Czartoryski . After Alexander I took office, Guryev was appointed governor of the cabinet of Alexander I in August 1801, thanks to the support of the Junge Freunde. In September 1802 he became the deputy of the health-impaired finance minister Count Alexei Ivanovich Vasilyev and managed the tax office practically independently. In February 1804 he was appointed to the Real Secret Council (2nd class). In July 1806 he became Minister for the Imperial Court and remained so until his death. After Vasilyev's death in 1807, Fyodor Alexandrowitsch Golubzow headed the Ministry of Finance until he finally became Minister of Finance in 1809, while Guryev remained deputy there.

Guryev's country house in Bogorodskoye near Moscow

When, as a result of the economic crisis, Alexander I commissioned Mikhail Michailowitsch Speranski in November 1809 to develop an immediate program to overcome the financial crisis , a special committee was appointed, in whose deliberations Guryev and the treasurer Balthasar (III) Freiherr von Campenhausen took part. The result was the financial plan drawn up by Speranski and Michail Balugjanski at the end of 1809 . With Speranski's help, Guryev succeeded in ousting Golubtsov from office and in January 1810 as finance minister himself. At the same time he became a member of the newly formed State Council . Now the financial plan has been implemented. The circulation of metal money was restored, some of the Russian assignats were withdrawn, and internal loans were taken out to stabilize the budget . Because of the Franco-Russian War , new taxes had to be introduced and old ones increased. The full implementation of the financial plan was prevented in 1816 by the Councilors of State Nikolai Semjonowitsch Mordwinow and Georg Cancrin , who saw the plan as a strengthening of the functions of ministers and a restriction of the monarch's autocratic rights and who were heard by Alexander I. In 1817 Guryev received the Order of St. Andrew the First Called .

1818–1819, Guryev headed the work of the secret committee as Minister of the Imperial Court to prepare a reform of the peasant law . He developed a radical project that could have led to modern agriculture with independent farmers , but was not up to date. In 1819 Gurjew received the dignity of count. In August 1821 Alexander I founded the Siberian Committee chaired by Viktor Kochubeis, to which Guryev belonged. When Alexander I turned away from the policy of internal reforms, Guryev had to resign as finance minister in April 1823 due to widespread public criticism of his financial policy. Georg Cancrin was his successor.

Guryev's wife, Countess Praskowa Guryeva, made a career at court and received the Small Cross of the Russian Order of Saint Catherine in November 1806 . In 1826 she was promoted to state lady. Dorothea von Ficquelmont described Countess Gurjewa as a lovable and urbane woman. The house of Countess Praskowa Guryeva was a popular meeting place in the evening for the high society of St. Petersburg and the diplomatic corps .

The Gurjew couple had 5 children. The eldest son Alexander became lieutenant general and senator and married the daughter Evdokija of Count Pyotr Alexandrovich Tolstoy . Marija married the diplomat Karl Robert von Nesselrode . Nikolai became a diplomat and married the daughter of the chief hunter master (2nd class) Dmitri Lwowitsch Naryschkin . Jelena became a very good singer , married the chamberlain Alexei Wassiljewitsch Swertschkow and adopted the pianist and niece of the Chancellor Karl Robert von Nesselrode Maria Nesselrode . The youngest son Vasily died in the second year of life.

Guryev was buried in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord at the cemetery at the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory St. Petersburg , which was demolished in 1933 . Konstantin Jakowlewitsch Bulgakow , in a letter to Arseni Andreevich Sakrewsky, lamented Guryev's death as a great loss for society.

Web links

Literature by and about Dmitri Alexandrowitsch Gurjew in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Метрическая запись о рождении графа Д. А. Гурьева . In: Метрические книги Сименовской церкви. ЦГИА СПб. ф.19. оп.111. д.44 . St. Petersburg January 7, 1758, p. 412 .
  2. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: ГУ́РЬЕВ Дмитрий Александрович (accessed August 5, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Судейкин Власий Тимофеевич: Гурьев (Дмитрий Александр.) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . IXa, 1893, p. 919-920 ( Wikisource [accessed August 6, 2019]).
  4. ↑ ГУРЬЕВ, Дмитрий Александрович . In: Great Soviet Encyclopedia . tape XIX , 1930, p. 844 ( Wikisource [accessed August 6, 2019]).
  5. ↑ П. Н. Столпянский: Дом княгини М. А. Шаховской, Фонтанка, 27: Очерк П. Н. Столпянского . Petrograd 1916, p. 87-88 .
  6. ↑ a b Коллектив авторов СПбГУ под ред. акад.Фурсенко: Управленческая элита Российской империи (1802-1917) . Лики России, St. Petersburg 2008, p. 323-325 .
  7. ↑ Комитет Сибирский . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XVa, 1895, p. 843 ( Wikisource [accessed August 6, 2019]).
  8. ↑ П. А. Вяземский: Полное собрание сочинений в 12 т. Том 8 . St. Petersburg 1883, p. 214 .
  9. ↑ Сборник русского исторического общества. Бумаги графа Арсения Андреевича Закревского . St. Petersburg 1891, p. 390 .
personal data
SURNAME Gurjew, Dmitri Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Гурьев, Дмитрий Александрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian officer, civil servant and politician
DATE OF BIRTH January 18, 1758
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH October 12, 1825
Place of death St. Petersburg