Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Novosilzew

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Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Novossilzew ( SS Shchukin , 1808, Russian Museum )

Nikolai Nikolaevich Nowossilzew ( Russian Николай Николаевич Новосильцев * 1761 , † April 8 . Jul / 20th April  1838 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian officer, diplomat and politician .

Life

Novossilzew was the illegitimate son of the sister Maria of the landowner and politician Alexander Sergejewitsch Stroganow , who married her relative Nikolai Ustinowitsch Novossilzew. Novossilzew grew up in the house of his uncle Stroganov. He went through the training in the Corps in St. Petersburg, from which he in the 1783 bodyguard - Grenadier Regiment came. 1785 he became Sekund- Major in the regular Volynsky - Cossack regiment . In 1786 he was assigned to the College of Foreign Affairs. He took part in the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) in the high command of the rowing fleet. After the first archipelago battle on Svensksund near the island of Mussalö near Ruotsinsalmi on August 13th jul. / August 24,  1789 greg. he was promoted to colonel . In 1794 Nowossilzew was involved in the suppression of the Kościuszko uprising in Poland and Lithuania . In 1796 he took a leave of absence and lived in London , where he attended lectures on physics , mathematics and medicine .

After Alexander I came into power , Novossilzew was one of Alexander I's closest collaborators and was a member of the so-called Private Committee. Other members were Pawel Alexandrowitsch Stroganow , Adam Jerzy Czartoryski and Viktor Pawlowitsch Kotschubei , while Mikhail Michailowitsch Speranski was not a member, but played an important role. 1801 Novossilzew became an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences . 1803-1810 Novossilzew was President of the Academy of Sciences and curator of the St. Petersburg Science District . During his presidency, the first Russian circumnavigation of the world with the frigate Nadeschda under captain Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the escort ship Neva under captain Yuri Fyodorowitsch Lisjanski 1803-1806 took place. 1806 Novossilzew became a full member of the Academy of Sciences.

In October 1804 Novossilzew became the representative of the Minister of Justice on leave. He headed the Legislative Commission. He accompanied Alexander I on his trips abroad. In early 1805 he reached an alliance with the United Kingdom . He was elected an honorary member of the Free Society of Friends of Literature , Science and Art . He was a member of the St. Petersburg Masonic Lodge Amis reunis . In 1806 he was sent to Napoleon Bonaparte as ambassador , but because of the Fourth Coalition War he could no longer reach Paris . 1809–1812 he lived in Vienna and fulfilled various diplomatic assignments.

1813-1815 Novossilzew was vice-president of the provisional committee that administered the Duchy of Warsaw . As a representative of Alexander I, he developed a number of projects and institutions on the administrative council of the subsequent Kingdom of Poland and headed the committee for education. In 1821 he became an adviser and authorized representative of the governor of the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich . As successor to Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Novossilzew was from 1824-1831 curator of the University of Vilnius and the Vilnius Science District . He headed the commission to investigate and prosecute the activities of the Vilna secret student organizations of the Philomats and Philaretes.

In 1820 Novossilzew drafted the first Russian constitution with a bicameral parliament , without which the monarch could not pass a law. It provided for the inviolability of property, independence of the courts, equality of all citizens before the law , civil liberties and the federal structure of Russia . He spoke in his secret design is not the problem of serfdom of the peasants, the other secret designs of Aleksey Arakcheyev and Finance Minister Dmitry Alexandrovich Guriev was treated. In 1821 Novossilzew developed together with Mikhail Semjonowitsch Voronzow and Alexander Sergejewitsch Menshikov a project to change the peasant law and presented it to Alexander I, but this had no consequences. In 1826 Novossilzew became an honorary member of the Imperial University of Moscow (IMU).

Novossilzew returned from Poland to St. Petersburg after the November uprising in 1830, in which most of his extensive document collection was burned. He has now become a member of the State Council . He became chairman of the Committee of Ministers in 1832 and chairman of the State Council in 1834, succeeding Viktor Kochubeis. In 1833 he received the title of count . After his death, Illarion Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow became chairman of the Committee of Ministers and the State Council.

Novossilzew remained unmarried. He was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in the Church of the Outpouring of the Holy Spirit .

Honors

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: НОВОСИ́ЛЬЦОВ (Новосильцев) Николай Николаевич (accessed August 5, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g IMU: Новосильцев Николай Николаевич (accessed August 5, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Рудаков В. Е .: Новосильцев (Николай Николаевич) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XXI , 1897, p. 295 ( Wikisource [accessed August 5, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Новосильцев, Николай Николаевич . In: Jewreiskaja Enziklopedija Brockhausa i Efrona . tape 11 , p. 765-766 ( Wikisource [accessed August 5, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Russian Academy of Sciences: Новосильцов (Новосильцев) Николай Николаевич (accessed August 5, 2019).
  6. ↑ Серков А. И .: Русское масонство 1731–2000. Энциклопедический словарь .
personal data
SURNAME Novossilzew, Nikolai Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Новосильцев, Николай Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian officer, diplomat and politician
DATE OF BIRTH 1761
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1838
Place of death St. Petersburg