Izmailovsky Life Guard Regiment
The Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment ( Russian : Измайловский лейб-гвардии полк) was in the 18th century, next to the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment , the Preobrazhensky Life Guards regiment and the Life Guards Jägerregiment one of the four elite units of the Russian Empire . The founding of the Life Guards goes back to Tsar Peter I , so it is part of the Old Guard . The Izmailovsky Life Guard Regiment existed from 1730 to 1918.
Lineup and history
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The commissioning goes back to Empress Anna Ivanovna , it took place on September 22, 1730 in Moscow . The regimental name is derived from the town of Ismailowo . This is located near Moscow, was a popular place of residence of the Romanov family and was one of their possessions. The regimental holiday is celebrated on the day of the Holy Trinity . In 1731 the first two guard battalions and in 1734 the third guard battalion were moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg . The headquarters of the guards regiment was on the Admiralty Island in Saint Petersburg. The regiment settlement initially consisted of wooden houses in 1743 and was converted into barracks made of brick by 1808 . An extended renovation followed until 1845, when three-story stone houses were built. In 1847, after the barracks had been expanded, the regimental hospital was built.
On January 20, 1732, the Empress ordered the construction of the regimental and field church of the Holy Trinity . The icons came from the Moscow painter Ivan Adolsky . It finally found its place in Saint Petersburg in 1733 on the meadow in front of the Fontanka River and was inaugurated on July 12th. Another regimental church was built between 1754 and 1828, a wooden church was built on its stone foundation. For the inauguration, Empress Elisabeth Petrovna gave the Garrison Church two hand-embroidered blankets that were only used on Holy Saturday . On March 17, 1800, the Guard Regiment was appointed to the personal bodyguard of Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov and on May 28 of the same year to the body regiment of Nikolai Pavlovich . On March 14, 1801, the regiment was returned to the service of the Russian Empire as the Izmailovsky Life Guard Regiment.
Recruits and Honorary Commanders
The adjutant general lieutenant general Count Karl Gustav von Löwenwolde († 1735) was appointed first honorary commander from 1730 to 1735 , he was also the stable master of the empress Anna Ivanovna . He was instructed to recruit officers from Livonia , Courland and other nations. In addition, soldiers and NCOs from Ukraine and suitable Russians should be drafted.
Other honorary commanders were:
- August 15, 1735-17. October 1740 Empress Anna Ivanovna
- October 10, 1740-25. November 1774 Tsar Ivan Antonovich
- November 25, 1741-25. December 1761 Empress Yelisaveta Petrovna Romanova
- December 25, 1761-28. June 1762 Tsar Peter III. Fyodorovich
- June 28, 1762–6. November 1796 Empress Catherine II.
- July 11, 1796-10. November 1796 Tsar Pavel I. Petrovich
- July 11, 1796-28. May 1800 Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov
- May 28, 1800-18. February 1855 Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, from December 14, 1825 Tsar Nikolaus I. Pavlovich
- February 19, 1855–1. March 1881 Tsar Alexander II.
- March 1, 1881-21. October 1894 Tsar Alexander III.
- November 2, 1894–1917 Tsar Nicholas II.
Important regimental commanders
The best-known regimental commanders included James Keith , Gustav Kalixt von Biron , Ludwig Gruno von Hessen-Homburg , Kirill Grigorjewitsch Rasumowski , Alexander Ilyich Bibikow , Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Repnin , Alexander Romanowitsch Drenteln . All commanders achieved high ranks of general .
War participation
The regiment was seldom used as a closed task force, mainly troops of the size of a hundred and up to the size of a battalion were deployed. The most important war missions were:
- 1737–1739 Participation in the Russo-Austrian Turkish War
- 1739 Participation in the capture of Chotyn ,
- 1788 Participation in the battles of Ochakov , Bendery and Brailov (Ukraine)
- 1788–1790 Participation in the Russo-Swedish War
- 1805 The 1st and 3rd Battalion distinguished by their bravery in the battle of Austerlitz from
- 1807 Participation in the fourth coalition war in Guttstadt
- 1808–1809 Participation in the Russian-Swedish war
- 1812 used in the battle of Borodino , where the regiment was deployed. The regiment reported its losses with 4 officers, 176 members in the lower ranks and 73 missing. The regimental commander, 13 officers and 528 soldiers of the lower ranks were recorded as wounded
- 1813 During the German campaign, the regiment takes part in the battles at Lutzen , Bautzen , Kulm and at the Battle of Leipzig in part
- 1814 Participation in the battle of La Rothière (France)
- 1814 Participation in the conquest of Paris
- 1814 The regiment leaves Paris for Normandy , where it embarks in Cherbourg on June 15th . In August the troops land in Kronstadt and move into Saint Petersburg. In recognition of the regiment's outstanding services between 1812 and 1814, Tsar Alexander I had a triumphal arch built in her honor
- 1815 Participation in the French campaign during the Wars of Liberation
- 1828–1829 Participation in the Russo-Turkish War
- 1831 then 1863–1864 participation in two Russian punitive expeditions to put down the two attempts at uprising by the Polish patriots ( November uprising 1831 and January uprising 1863)
- 1877–1878 Participation in the Russo-Ottoman War , in December 1877 the regiment's headquarters are relocated to Plevna
- November 1877 Participation in the Battle of Tashkese
- 1914-1918 During the First World War she participated in operations in Ivangorod , Czestochowa , Krakow , Vilnius , Kovel , Volyn , Galicia , Lublin and Warsaw part
- December 1918 Dissolution of the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment
Web links
- Grenadie of the Izmailovsky regiment 1762
- Izmailovsky Regiment at the Battle of Borodino 1812 - Alexander von Kotzebue
- Лейб-Гвардии Измайловский полк, Regimentschronik (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ^ Adjutant General: Officer in the personal service of a ruling prince. Entry in: Goethe dictionary [1]