Dominican monastery Greifswald

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The Dominican monastery in Greifswald , which was also called the Black Monastery because of the color of the Dominican order , existed from the 13th to the 16th century.

history

In an inscription in the choir stalls of the Nicolaikirche in Röbel / Müritz , 1254 is incised as the year of foundation of the Greifswald Dominican monastery. Duke Wartislaw III. von Pomeranian gave the Dominicans a piece of land on the city ​​wall in the northeast of what was then Greifswalder Neustadt on the border with the old town. There he had the new monastery built in 1254 with brothers from the Kamminer Dominican Convent he founded in 1228 . Among them were the first prior Berthold and the lector Florentius as members of the convent , who were named in a document in 1264.

The founding of the monastery, which initially belonged to the order province of Polonia, came to the provincia Teutoniae in 1280 and in 1303 to the order province of Saxony, which was separated from it. Because of the deadline limits , there were disputes with the Stralsund Dominican monastery . In an initial arbitration, the border was essentially determined along the road from Dersekow via Demmin to Malchin . In 1472 disputes over individual villages along this street were settled. In a north-westerly direction, the area of ​​the Greifswald monastery extended to Gristow .

From 1472 the monastery belonged again to the Polish order province. The Magister General Leonardo Mansueti excluded it from the jurisdiction of the Polish province. Their provincial , however, received a certificate from Mansueti with which he claimed the right to visitation as well as the disposal of the goods and proven persons of the Greifswald and the Pasewalker Dominican monastery. During the split in the Dominican Order in the 15th century, both monasteries had joined the Dutch congregation, which embodied the restoration of observance. Attempts at reform came to a standstill under Poland's provincial membership. In 1479, the priors of both monasteries complained in an appeal to the general magister about the dissolution of monastic life, the fragmentation of goods, the deterioration of customs and the lack of maintenance for the monastery buildings. But they didn't succeed. It was not until 1501 that Pope Alexander VI subordinated . the monastery at the request of Duke Bogislaw X. , the Camminer Bishop Martin Karith and the Greifswald City Council back to the Order Province of Saxony. In 1517, by order of Pope Leo X, the monastery was finally assigned to the province of Saxonia.

The Greifswald convent achieved an excellent reputation, which lasted until it was dissolved in the 16th century. The university drew a large number of Dominicans to Greifswald. Several university members entered the order, including the legal scholar and rector Professor A.  Johann Meilof , dean of the artist faculty , who bequeathed his rich collection of manuscripts and incunabula to the monastery and was ordained a priest in 1485. The Italian lawyer Petrus von Ravenna was accepted into the spiritual brotherhood of the Dominicans and his daughter Marieta was buried in their church. In 1517 there was a study of lociae in the monastery and in 1519 a study of theology .

In the three-aisled monastery church, whose floor plan is similar to that of the Jacobikirche in Greifswald , the guilds of the Riemenschneider, porters and locksmiths, the brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, the Holy Cross, the Rosary and St. Anna had their altars.

In the seal of the prior was the image of the Mother of God , in the seal of the convent St. Catherine , patroness of the Scholastic and of the Dominican Order.

After the introduction of the Reformation in Pomerania, the monastery was initially tolerated, but was secularized in 1534 . Prior and brothers stayed at home, they were guaranteed part of their previous income and stay in the monastery until their deaths. Some of the older monks made use of it, only the younger Dominican A. Joachim Vrancke had gone over to Protestantism.

The church equipment first came to the Nikolaikirche . Since they were not used there, the Greifswald council decided in 1547 to sell a part. During the visitation of 1558 it was decided to demolish the dilapidated monastery church.

In 1564 disputes arose between the city and the University of Greifswald over ownership of the monastery buildings , until in 1566 the city gave the monastery with church and brewery to the university for 200 guilders. Most of the monastery church collapsed and remained as a heap of rubble for the university. This converted the refectory into a cafeteria, next to which the university print shop and the university stable manager moved in. In 1637 , Prof. Jakob Gerschow laid the foundation for a botanical garden in the former monastery garden. Nothing is left of the older buildings. Clinical and scientific institutes have been located there since the 19th century.

Priorities

Documentary mentions of the priors above the monastery after Hermann Hoogeweg :

  • 1264-1267 Berthold
  • after 1278 Bruno
  • 1280 0000Ludekin
  • after 1289 Johann
  • 1295–1309 Dietrich Frankenberg
  • 1316 0000Conrad
  • 1329–1338 Otto von Rethem
  • 1451–1461 Nikolaus Ryke
  • 1479 0000Christian Bernardi
  • 1489 NN Valkenhagen0000
  • 1516 0000Joachim Vur
  • 1519 0000Nikolaus Sandt

literature

  • Joachim Bernhard Steinbrück: History of the monasteries in Pomerania and the neighboring provinces , Stettin 1796.
  • Hermann Hoogeweg : The founders and monasteries of the province of Pomerania. Vol. 1, Leon Saunier, Stettin 1924, pp. 620-635.
  • Hans Bütow: Contributions to the history of the Dominican monasteries in Pomerania , Stettin 1932.
  • Theodor Pyl : History of the Greifswald churches and monasteries, as well as their monuments, together with an introduction to the origin of the city of Greifswald. Part 3, Bindewald, Greifswald 1887, pp. 1141–1196.
  • Gabriel Maria Löhr: The Dominicans at the East German universities of Wittenberg, Frankfurt (O.), Rostock, Greifswald . In: Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 22 , Rome 1952.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Large Lubin map of Pomerania with 49 views of Pomeranian cities (copper engraving) 1618.
  2. ^ University archive Greifswald : Curator , K 1652, Binnengraben und Stadt ... Repair of damaged city wall at the black monastery. , K 1262 b, University property in the city of Greifswald ... formerly a black monastery.

Coordinates: 54 ° 5 '52.6 "  N , 13 ° 22' 32.2"  E