Cathedral area (Cologne)

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Metropolitan: the isolated cathedral on axially aligned squares
Converted torso: Cathedral and cathedral courtyard in the long Cologne Middle Ages

The area around Cologne Cathedral is one of the metropolitan areas of Cologne. It has fundamentally changed its character since the Middle Ages. At that time, the torso of the cathedral was closely surrounded by houses and smaller churches. With the completion of the cathedral in 1880, it was released as a national monument on generous areas; the cathedral hill became an island surrounded by traffic. In 1970, the Domplatte connected the cathedral with the pedestrian zone. To this day, the design of the area around the cathedral is a challenge for urban planning in Cologne.

Building history of the cathedral area

Cathedral renovation in the Middle Ages

Arnold Mercator - Cathedral area 1571
Wallrafplatz - Dompropstei portal and south tower of the cathedral (drawing by Samuel Prout , 1824)

In medieval Cologne there were buildings in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral without the current distance. Contemporary images show that the cathedral was surrounded by the houses of the bishop and the cathedral chapter and also by secular buildings without any structural distance. To this end, on one hand were the archbishop's prison " Geesthacht " of 1165 and 1363 resulting Dompropstei and secondly the 1596 Winter newly built for the publisher Arnold Kirchhoff by the master stonemason John Binger houses in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral, which already in 1382 as an archbishopric fief of Erbkämmerers are attested . The Cologne cityscape from 1570 by Arnold Mercator shows that in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral all directions were intensely developed. On the south side (Am Hof) Mercator showed a complete development, only Am Domhof the view of the cathedral remained free; the west side showed a gap-free street Unter Fettenhennen, the north side was built on, the east side was only undeveloped at Mariengarten.

The cathedral was still closely enclosed at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The closest was the cathedral mechanics on its north side, a new building completed in 1658 for the cathedral dean Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg , which was demolished in 1892. The open spaces in its direct vicinity included Frankenplatz, Domhof and Domkloster. The cathedral courtyard was a market square, on which gaddemen (stalls) and junk stalls were. There were several large buildings on the west side of the cathedral courtyard in the Middle Ages. These included the "Kamp (f) hof" (Domhof 7; later "Kamperhof") and the property "zum Palast" (Domhof 9; next to the Hacht). The "Kamp (f) hof" served judicially determined duels and is mentioned for the first time in 1356 in the shrine books . The property "zum Palast" had been owned by the Heinrich Quentell family of printers since November 4, 1500 .

  • Domhof, around 1795

  • Domhof, 1799

  • Cathedral Square, after 1811

  • Cathedral from the southeast, around 1830

The French administration installed a guillotine on October 16, 1798 at the Domhof (called Place Metropole ) , which killed over 30 people in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral. Piles of blood-stained sand, human hair and rags in their vicinity testified to the executions and embittered the walk on Cathedral Square. The secularization of 1802 led to the expropriation and the demolition of the existing sacred buildings.

Exemption of the cathedral as a national monument

The first plans to design a cathedral terrace were based on sketches by Karl Friedrich Schinkel from 1816. Schinkel wanted to tear down the old houses around the cathedral and create a ring of green spaces with terraces down to the banks of the Rhine . In order to increase the impression of size of the cathedral, he planned not only to expose it but also to create a terrace. The difference in height between the level of the cathedral choir and what was then the lower Frankenplatz was compensated for by a two-winged staircase. The ramp that led down from the cathedral bridge to Frankenplatz opened here from the east . The staircase, embankment walls and the fountain platform of the Petrusbrunnen were part of a garden-architecturally designed overall system. With the demolition of the dilapidated Dompropstei in June 1830 and the Cologne state prison "Hacht" in August 1893, the extensive demolition work to uncover the densely rebuilt cathedral was ended in order not to obstruct the unobstructed view of the cathedral. In November 1857 the houses Domhof 20 and 22 were demolished. In order to free the cathedral from further extensions, the Cologne-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (Trankgasse No. 8) and Colonia-Versicherung (Trankgasse No. 6) donated their buildings in 1863 the city. The long-desired exposure of the cathedral was aimed at "demolishing the buildings located between the cathedral and the streets and public spaces that were next to it". The plans to clear an imperial road in the west by the castle wall, which runs axially towards the west facade of the cathedral, could only be implemented in a very small part; today you can find the terraces of Café Reichard there.

  • Cathedral forecourt, around 1890

  • At court 17 with a double gate, around 1890

  • Cathedral mechanics, around 1905

Another plan to redesign the area around the cathedral on October 1, 1866 was not implemented. City architect Josef Stübben submitted a plan to uncover the cathedral in October 1885, which he presented in the Deutsche Bauzeitung . The collapse of the first cathedral hotel on December 31, 1885 promoted the design of the cathedral environment, especially in the west in front of the portals and in the south in front of the south transept. The decisive factor was the idea that the cathedral should be understood as a whole from one point of view. The Dom Hotel, which reopened in February 1886, was set back as the third generation of hotels to be rebuilt. The requirement of the cathedral building association was observed that the - now completed - cathedral could not be covered by the new hotel building. The opening of the new building took place on April 15, 1893 - behind the not yet abandoned old building. Between 1826 and 1893 two churches and 69 houses had to give way to the uncovering plans. This ended the extensive demolition work to uncover the densely rebuilt cathedral. In 1903, Josef Stübben pointed out that "the uncovering of a building or the preparation for the uncovering by setting alignment lines can result from the need for traffic or aesthetic intent."

As early as the founding period , building close to the cathedral should be avoided as far as possible. The cathedral was to be presented as a monument, exposed from all buildings, which towers majestically on the cathedral hill 17 meters above the Rhine level . All profane buildings had to keep a respectful distance from the cathedral as Cologne's most important sacred building. However, that did not prevent them from using the Domplatte for events. On January 31, 1926, on the occasion of the withdrawal of the British troops, a large-scale rally took place on the cathedral square, at which Lord Mayor Konrad Adenauer gave an emotional speech.

Remodeling in the 20th century

Annostollen

Construction of the cathedral plate

The results of an international competition launched in February 1956 to redesign the area around the cathedral were not realized. Instead, the city administration selected individual planning objects and began with their own concepts. In May 1964, construction work began on the Cologne underground tram in Trankgasse / Komödienstraße. The construction of the underground tram made it easier to reorganize the area around the cathedral, especially since the tramway above ground was no longer available. In 1967, construction work began on the Roman-Germanic Museum (opening: March 4, 1974), which closed the last vacant lot on the Domplatte - albeit by reducing the size of the originally horticultural Roncalliplatz. The two-storey underground car park for 613 vehicles, which began in 1969, was completed as early as 1971 (below the western and southern Domplatte), in which the foundations of the Roman north gate and the adjacent remains of the city ​​wall with the Annostollen can be viewed. The 1.35 meter wide and 2.50 meter high Annostollen was a corridor leading from the cathedral monastery through the city wall, which in 1074 offered Archbishop Anno II an escape from rebellious citizens.

To integrate the cathedral in the urban fabric and to free themselves from the then perceived spatial isolation built Fritz Schaller 1968-1970 the cathedral square . He designed an elevation of the pedestrian area to the level of the cathedral portals, which until then were only accessible by stairs. This meant that the historic cathedral hill had to be omitted. The concreted platform covered with multi-colored granite pavement surrounds the entire cathedral, so that the stairs now - at a greater distance from the cathedral - lead on the west side to the tourist office or on the north side to the station forecourt. A difficult problem was the design of the cathedral plate facing the main train station. Here it bridges the Trankgasse, one of the most important roads for motor traffic, which, as an east-west axis, handles through traffic to the banks of the Rhine. A sculptural staircase led to the station forecourt and bridged the height difference.

In 1980, construction began on the Ludwig Museum , which opened on September 6, 1986.

Urban development and improvement of the quality of stay

In 1988 competitions resulted in a partial renovation of the cathedral plate. In April 2003, the city entrusted Christian Schaller (* 1937), Fritz Schaller's son , with the redesign of the 70 meter wide and 5 meter high staircase to the station forecourt, which was handed over on August 10, 2005. In September 2009, the Cologne City Council decided as Part of the inner city master plan is the development of an overall urban planning concept for the area around the cathedral with the aim of creating easy-to-read spatial situations with a pleasant stay at all levels with just a few interventions. This should make the Domplatte the central point of contact in the city. The overall concept was to be implemented in four construction phases. In August 2013, work began on redesigning the eastern area of ​​the cathedral between the cathedral, the Roman-Germanic Museum, the Ludwig Museum and the main train station. The entire upper level around the Canon Cemetery and the street level below between Trankgasse and Kurt-Hackenberg-Platz has been redesigned in terms of urban development with wide paths for pedestrians, a new lighting concept, spacious, straight stairways and the demolition of part of the Trankgasse tunnel. In November 2019, the city of Cologne presented its plans for the second construction phase, the northern area around the cathedral on Trankgasse. Here, too, the cathedral base is to be made visible again through a uniform cladding with natural stone and pedestrian-friendliness is to be increased.

Places around the cathedral

The cathedral is surrounded by four large squares: in the south the Roncalliplatz with the papal terrace, in the west the cathedral forecourt with the Kardinal-Höffner-Platz, in the east the canon cemetery and Heinrich-Böll-Platz and in the north the station forecourt.

Roncalliplatz with Papal Terrace

Papal Terrace: The Petrusbrunnen on Roncalliplatz

The 5875 square meter Roncalliplatz connects the cathedral monastery with Am Hof street . Today's Roncalliplatz took over the southern parts of the street Domhof and was called Place Charlemagne from January 1, 1813 during the French period after the Itinéraire de Cologne ; on the map of 1815 Kaiser-Karls-Platz, then Domhof. Its renaming in Roncalliplatz - after the real name of Pope Johannes XXIII. - took place in 1971 after the construction of the Domplatte . In 1972 the building of the Cologne cathedral building administration, Roncalliplatz 2, which also houses the cathedral building, was completed. In 1974 the Roman-Germanic Museum was opened at Roncalliplatz 4. In 1984, the 9.80 meter high sky column was Columne per Caelo of Heinz Mack placed a 68-ton monolith of Portuguese granite.

The terrace, which is located directly on the side aisle of the cathedral, is known as the papal terrace because there are two plaques commemorating the three Popes John XXIII. , John Paul II and Benedict XVI. is remembered. Also on the terrace was the Petrusbrunnen in July 2010 , which was created in 1870 by Richard Voigtel for the park at the foot of the east choir. It is popularly known as “Drüje Pitter” (dry Peter) because it spits very little water due to a defect in the supply line.

Cathedral forecourt with Kardinal-Höffner-Platz

Replica of the finials of the cathedral

The western part of the cathedral plate in front of the towers and the main entrance of the cathedral is called the cathedral forecourt. Here is a side arch of the Roman north gate . The area between Domplatte and Trankgasse has been called Kardinal-Höffner-Platz since 2008. A full-size replica of the cathedral's 9.50-meter-high finials has been erected on the square and is popular with tourists as a meeting point. Its location is controversial, however, as it obstructs the view of the facade. Therefore, a new place should be found for them in the medium term. Next to it is the pigeon fountain created by Ewald Mataré in 1953 , which is often overlooked as a minimalist masterpiece.

Canon Cemetery and Heinrich-Böll-Platz

To the east of the cathedral choir is the canon cemetery. The members of the metropolitan chapter rest here in a crypt laid out in 1925 . The gravestones are made according to a design by cathedral builder Arnold Wolff . Underneath is the Baptistery , an early Christian baptismal font from the 6th century, which was built on an even older Roman basin. The small, octagonal structure testifies to the transition from pre-Christian antiquity to late antique Christianity. In the most recent reorganization of the eastern area of ​​the cathedral in 2017, the baptistery was placed next to the Dionysus fountain. The sculpture, created in 1973 by Hans Karl Burgeff , shows a twisted Dionysus , the god of wine.

Heinrich-Böll-Platz, designed by Dani Karavan between 1982 and 1986, takes the dimensions and materials of the surroundings: bricks from the museum, granite from the cathedral plate, cast iron from the main train station, the greenery of the Rhine garden. Under the optically marked center of the square is the conductor's place in the Cologne Philharmonic . Here is the Ludwig Museum (modern art).

Station forecourt

The station forecourt acts as a link between the reception hall of the main station and the higher Domplatte. The outside staircase overcomes the visible difference in height to the cathedral hill. It consists of Polish granite, begins with a footprint of 51.80 meters and widens to 73 meters.

Buildings and streets around the cathedral

Former development

As usual in the Middle Ages, the area around the cathedral was densely built up. There were churches, the archbishop's palace and other culturally significant buildings.

  • St. Maria ad Gradus, 1062 (model)

  • Archbishop's Palace, 1164 (illustration around 1670)

  • Heiliggeisthaus, around 1170 and Hacht (picture before 1840)

  • Pfaffenpforte (Unter Fettenhennen / castle wall): A former Roman city gate from 90 AD ("Porta clericorum" or "Porta paphia") with a 15 meter wide and 9 meter high central arch; marked at Mercator ("Paffen pfortz"; "paffinporze"). It was the entrance to the cathedral district and got its name from the " priests " who visited the cathedral. At that time the word still had a positive connotation. There were renovations in 1606, 1616 and 1621; it was demolished in 1826.
  • "Reinaldscher Palast" (Domhof): the three-storey, archbishop's Romanesque palace from 1164 can be traced back to Archbishop Reinald von Dassel and served as the official residence of the archbishops; Canceled in 1674.
  • Haus am Blauen Stein (Domhof): seat of the archbishop's high court, attested since 1243. The " blue stone " ("blawe steyn"; lapis perforatus) was a basalt block provided with the episcopal coat of arms in the form of an elongated square (2.40 meters high and 1.20 meters wide), against which a convict dishonorably three times violently with the Back was pushed, with the executioner saying: "We poke you on the blue stone, you kiss things Vader and Moder not me home", from where it went in the black execution cart to the execution site - for example at the Heumarkt .
  • Hacht (or "Haicht"; Domhof 9): was the archbishop's prison built in 1165, in which women were accused of being witches and tortured. His name was derived from "Haft". It consisted of the "Hachtgericht" and the actual prison. The execution ceremony initially saw the offender perform at the cathedral courtyard in front of the archbishop's palace, then from the prison to the “blue stone” in front of the palace.
  • Heiliggeisthaus , also Hospital Geisthaus next to the Hacht (Domhof): Hospital and pilgrims' hostel, existed as early as the 12th century, an institution for the municipal welfare, sold around 1840 and broken up.
  • Linneper Hof or Reifferscheider Hof (Domhof): Adelshof ( canon house ) of the Reifferscheid , Linnep , Sayn-Wittgenstein and Neuenahr families,attested since 1075 (still as an old bishop's palace) or 1237/38, from 1746/1748 to 1827 Archbishop's seminary , new building from Michael Leveilly , resigned in 1864, today the area of ​​the Roman-Germanic Museum.
  • St. Maria ad Gradus : The collegiate church was between the cathedral choir and the Rhine, halfway up the cathedral hill. Hence the name of the church is derived, which translates as "Mary to the steps". The church housed the grave of Richeza , Queen of Poland and granddaughter of Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu . The church was built in 1062 and has been connected to the Old Cathedral via the east atrium since around 1075 , which Archbishop Anno II had laid out. The church was demolished in 1817 as an aftermath of the secularization forced by the French occupation.
  • Cathedral Monastery No. 1: After his marriage to Henriette Obermeyer from 1830, Simon Oppenheim lived in the six-axis, three-storey Palais Cathedral Monastery 1. Friedrich Wilhelm IV. And his wife Elisabeth were guests here on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral on September 4, 1842. It was affected by the regulation of the Unter Fettenhennen road in June 1883.
  • In the cathedral monastery No. 2 there was a palace built in 1843 as a residential and commercial building for Abraham Oppenheim on the south side , which moved from Trankgasse 9 here. Ferdinand Mülhens had it converted into the “Savoy Hotel Großer Kurfürst” in 1892; the inauguration took place on November 2, 1893, and the opening on November 3, 1893. In addition to the side oriels crowned by gables and the corner to Wallrafplatz adorned with onion dome, the north facade is characterized by a central dome with a lantern. The interior was renovated in 1910, and since then it has been called the "Savoy Hotel". In 1931 there was a roof and facade renovation.
  • Cathedral monastery no. 3: Friedrich Schmidt created the "Schaeben House" from 1859, which was ready for occupancy in November 1861. It belonged to Peter Schaeben, the owner of the Klosterfrau company , and was completely renovated in 1911.
  • Cathedral Monastery No. 4–6: Simon Oppenheim's brother Abraham Oppenheim lived in the newly built house for which Jacob Kaaf carried out the interior decoration from 1843. In 1873 he moved to his summer residence at Gut Bassenheim . In contrast to the Stübben plan of October 1885, the new Dom Hotel came to be free on three sides because the Domkloster 4 property on the north side of the building block was included in the hotel complex. Ignatz Theodor Metz bought the property at Am Hof ​​3, which gave the south-eastern part a greater depth. As a result, the Dom-Hotel at the Domkloster was 22.50 meters wide.
  • In the late Middle Ages, there was a gabled house with a stepped gable and a rising round arch frieze (made around 1230/1250) in Cathedral Monastery No. 6 . The house belonged to the spirits merchant Joseph Seelig around 1855. In the early days of the early days , this was where the parents' house of the poet Karl Cramer (1807-1860) was located.
  • In the late Middle Ages there was a three-storey eaves house with a stepped hipped roof in cathedral monastery No. 8, into which the cathedral girls' school moved. In order to create more space for the cathedral, the entire building complex, which is now the place of the Dom-Hotel (Domkloster 2–8), was demolished in November 1886.
  • The small sloping alley on the Litsch led past the west facade of Cologne Cathedral in a north-south direction and connected Trankgasse and the cathedral monastery. The alley was called Op der Letsch around 1530 (in Kölsch , “letschen” means to slide down), since 1797 it has been called Auf der Litsch . From 1811, after the Itinéraire de Cologne, the cathedral had house number Auf der Litsch 2. In No. 1, the nun Maria Clementine Martin looked after the sick cathedral vicar Johannes Gumpertz in his house from April 1825 and began distilling the world-famous “ nun Lemon balm spirit ". Since June 17, 1827, she has been producing her “Ächtes Carmeliter water” (real Carmeliter water) in a house she bought at Domhof No. 19. The cathedral sexton houses on the Litsch 4 and 6 were demolished in 1843. In the French period was on the Litsch 1, no. 2581. After Domvollendung it came to rounding off its immediate surroundings, which fell the entire alley victim. The cathedral was assigned to the street Domkloster and received here from the French no. 2583½, today no. 4.

Current development

Today the area around Cologne Cathedral is an urban space that is characterized by its urban development.

  • Domforum, 1953

  • Goldschmidt House, 1928

  • Excelsior Hotel Ernst, 1910

  • Cologne Cathedral Administration (Roncalliplatz 2): The new building, completed in 1972, also houses the Cologne Cathedral publishing house, the cathedral archive and (on the 6th floor) the master builder apartment. The Archbishop's Diocesan Museum , housed there since 1972, was opened on September 15, 2007 as Kolumba (Museum) in the new building on Columbastr. 4 reopened.
  • Roman-Germanic Museum (Roncalliplatz 4)
  • Museum Ludwig (Heinrich-Böll-Platz)
  • Goldschmidt House (Domkloster 1 / Unter Fettenhennen 4): The neo-Gothic residential and commercial building of the Goldschmidt jeweler with 4 upper floors and a penthouse was built in 1928 by Paul Bonatz .
  • Blue and Gold House (Domkloster 2).
  • Dom-Hotel (Domkloster 2a).
  • Domforum (Domkloster 3): In the new building with atrium built by Fritz Schaller in 1953 , the bank for public services first moved . The Archdiocese of Cologne acquired the office building in 1991 for 79 million DM. Since October 1995 the cathedral forum has been housed here for church public relations work and since June 2000 the cathedral radio has also been housed here.
  • Cologne Cathedral (Domkloster 4).
  • Excelsior Hotel Ernst (Trankgasse 1–5).
  • Deichmannhaus (Trankgasse 7–9): residential and commercial building built by Hermann Otto Pflaume in 1868.
  • Cologne Central Station
  • Cologne Tourism (Verkehrsamt; Kardinal-Höffner-Platz 1; until June 2008: Unter Fettenhennen 19): Completed in December 1955 according to plans by Hans Joachim Lohmeyer .
  • Reichardhaus with Café Reichard (Unter Fettenhennen 11): built between 1903 and 1904, acquired by WDR in 1966 . The café looks back on a long tradition, as Georg Reichard opened a café on November 9, 1855 at Hohe Straße 154, which moved to the new building in 1905. Of the 800 seats, 400 have a unique view of the cathedral, especially from the glass pavilion from 1986.
  • Dionysoshof: was built in 1973 based on designs by Hans Karl Burgeff as the eastern end of the cathedral plate. In this area, the cathedral plate was supposed to contain the canon cemetery laid out directly in front of the cathedral choir, but still reveals the topography of the cathedral hill. The Dionysus Fountain was also designed in 1973.

Meaning and criticism

Popular place: Cathedral area during carnival

“There is always something going on on the Domplatte and Roncalliplatz. ... For skaters and roller-skaters, acrobats, street musicians and pavement painters, the areas in the shadow of the venerable cathedral become a private open-air stage. ”Together with Roncalliplatz, the Domplatte is the most frequented pedestrian zone in Cologne. When the Japanese Emperor Hirohito visited Cologne on October 13, 1970 , the Domplatte proved to be an ideal stage for visitors. Since then, events have taken place on it, and especially on Roncalliplatz, such as the largest Cologne Christmas market or open-air concerts, for example by Frank Sinatra (farewell concert on June 6, 1993), Liza Minnelli (June 15, 1997), the Bläck Fööss (for the 40th time) -year anniversary, September 5, 2010), BAP (on the 35th anniversary, May 27, 2011) and in memory of Trude Herr (summer 1995). A strict set of rules allows a maximum of six major events per year, with the exception of church services. The controversial Cologne Wailing Wall was in May 1997 by the Cologne Court prohibited since September 2011, the stewards may Skateboarding on the cathedral square as did not allow special use with caution money punish.

The Domplatte and cathedral were voted the most popular place in Germany in the broadcast on September 22, 2006 in the ZDF series “ Our Best ”. The “massive concrete belt around the cathedral” was also repeatedly criticized and even referred to as “Cologne's biggest eyesore”. Although the Domplatte liberates the cathedral from its island location, surrounded by traffic, the concreting creates desolate landscapes, has created foul-smelling corners and meeting points for marginalized social groups (by peeing wildly ). The cathedral was "stolen" with the cathedral plate.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The miracle of Cologne, Allmann Sattler Wappner and the completely renewed Domplatte, in: Bauwelt 15.2017, pp. 14–29
  2. ^ Hans Vogts, The profane monuments of the city of Cologne , 1930, p. 347
  3. ^ Hugo Borger: The Cologne Cathedral in the century of its completion. 1980, p. 113.
  4. ↑ Johann Jakob Merlo : The house to the palace on the cathedral courtyard in Cologne. In: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 42 (1884), pp. 61–70, here p. 63.
  5. ↑ Udo Bürger: The guillotine in the shadow of the cathedral. 2001, p. 100.
  6. ^ Jürgen Wilhelm: The great Cologne Lexicon. 2008, p. 118.
  7. ^ Mario Zadow: Schinkel. Life and work. 2003, p. 126.
  8. ^ Carl Dietmar, Gérald Chaix: Chronicle of Cologne. 1997, p. 282.
  9. ^ Hasso von Wedel: Heinrich von Wittgenstein 1797 to 1869. Entrepreneur and politician in Cologne. 1981, p. 180.
  10. ^ Judith Breuer : The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century. 1981, p. 79.
  11. ↑ Joseph Stübben: The exposure of the cathedral in Cologne. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung, XIX (1885), pp. 152–154.
  12. ↑ Sybille Fraquelli: In the shadow of the cathedral. 2008, p. 218.
  13. ^ Eduard Hegel, Wilhelm Neuss: The Archdiocese of Cologne between the Restoration of the 19th Century and the Restoration of the 20th Century, 1815–1962. 1987, p. 505.
  14. ↑ Peter Fuchs (Ed.), Chronik zur Geschichte der Stadt Köln , Volume 2, 1991, p. 306
  15. ^ Judith Breuer: The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century. 1981, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Urban development master plan downtown Cologne. City of Cologne, Entrepreneur for the Region Cologne eV, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
  17. ↑ A new environment for the cathedral. City of Cologne, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Jens Meifert: Redesign of the cathedral. Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, November 21, 2019, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Jens Meifert: Pedestrians in a traffic jam. Kölnische Rundschau, November 22, 2019, accessed on November 27, 2019 .
  20. ↑ AachenerNachrichten: Cologne Roncalliplatz, cult place with history
  21. ↑ Cultural Heritage Cologne: Mack, Heinz, Columne per Caelo. In: Cologne cultural heritage. Rheinisches Bildarchiv , accessed on June 2, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Cologne Rundschau.de: Drueje Pitter comes back
  23. ↑ Kölner Dom.de: Kardinal-Höffner-Platz
  24. ↑ FAZ.net: push off finial
  25. ↑ Kölner Dom.de: Ewald Mataré
  26. ^ Arnold Wolff: The Cologne Cathedral, edited and supplemented by Barbara Schock-Werner, Cologne 2015, p. 57
  27. ↑ FAZ.net: Cologne Cathedral not particularly recommended
  28. ^ Brockhaus: Leaves for literary entertainment. 1831, p. 699.
  29. ↑ Yvonne Leiverkus: Cologne. Pictures of a late medieval city. 2005, p. 334 f.
  30. ↑ Helmut Signon: All roads lead through Cologne. 2006, p. 298.
  31. ^ Friedrich Everhard von Mering, Reischert: The bishops and archbishops of Cologne. Volume 2. 1844, p. 73.
  32. ^ Arnold Wolff: The Cologne Cathedral, edited and supplemented by Barbara Schock-Werner, Cologne 2015, p. 57
  33. ↑ Viola Effmert: Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie .: Promotion of culture in the 19th century. 2006, p. 295.
  34. ↑ Elfie Pracht-Jörns: Jüdische Lebenswelten in Rheinland. 2011, p. 188.
  35. ^ Judith Breuer: The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century. 1981, p. 187.
  36. ^ Judith Breuer: The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century. 1981, p. 18.
  37. ^ Rhenish-Westphalian economic biographies. Volume 12. Historical Commission for Westphalia, 1986, p. 175.
  38. ^ Judith Breuer: The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century. 1981, p. 148.
  39. ^ Karl Möckl: Economic bourgeoisie in the German states in the 19th and early 20th centuries. 1996, p. 427.
  40. ↑ Joseph Stübben: The exposure of the cathedral in Cologne. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung, XIX (1885), pp. 152–154.
  41. ^ Judith Breuer: The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century. 1981, p. 145.
  42. ↑ a b Günther Binding : Cologne and Lower Rhine views in the Finckenbaum sketchbook 1660–1665. 1980, p. 112.
  43. ^ Friedrich Baudri: Diaries 1854–1871. 2006, p. 172.
  44. ↑ a b Uta Grefe: Cologne in early photographs 1847–1914. 1988, p. 83.
  45. ↑ April 22, 2011 express.de
  46. ^ Willehad Paul Eckert: Cologne city guide. 1990, p. 75.
  47. ^ Gerhard Dietrich: Museum of Applied Arts Cologne: Chronicle 1888–1988. 1988, p. 189.
  48. ↑ Jürgen Müllenberg: Skaters on the Domplatte are now threatened with fines. The new “Kap 686” skater facility in Rheinauhafen has been well received. City of Cologne, Office for Press and Public Relations, September 23, 2011, accessed on September 23, 2011 .
  49. ^ Christian Hümmeler: The architect of the reconstruction. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, May 29, 2004. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  50. ^ Gerhard Curdes, Markus Ulrich: The development of the Cologne urban area. 1997, p. 7.

See also

Portal: Cologne Cathedral  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Cologne Cathedral

literature

  • The miracle of Cologne, Allmann Sattler Wappner and the completely renovated Domplatte, in: Bauwelt 15.2017, pp. 14–29
  • Judith Breuer: The Cologne cathedral environment as a mirror of the cathedral reception in the 19th century, Arbeitshefte Landeskonservator Rheinland 10, Cologne, Rheinland-Verlag, 1981.
  • Emanuel Gebauer: Fritz Schaller. The architect and his contribution to sacred buildings in the 20th century (= Stadtspuren. 28). Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-7616-1355-5 . (Print version by: Emanuel Gebauer: The “Thing” and the church building. Fritz Schaller and modernism 1933–74. Phil. Diss. Mainz 1995.)
  • Caroline Wirtz: "That the whole area around the cathedral should be given a worthy design". The Central Cathedral Building Association and the uncovering of Cologne Cathedral (1882–1902). Cologne 2008


Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 26.9 ″  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 25.2 ″  E