Echaz

	Echaz
	The Echaz after its source in Honau
	Data
Water code	DE : 238172
location	Swabian Alb Middle calf; Foreland of the central Swabian Alb Echaz Bay; Echaz Alb foreland; Schönbuch and Glemswald Germany Baden-Württemberg District of Reutlingen Lichtenstein; Pfullingen; Reutlingen; Wannweil; ; Tübingen district Kirchentellinsfurt ; ; ;
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Neckar → Rhine → North Sea
source	at Lichtenstein- Honau ; 48 ° 24 '25 " N , 9 ° 16' 2" E
Source height	approx. 577 m above sea level NHN Echazquellen;
	approx. 690 m above sea level NHN stream begins at Ohafels
muzzle	near Kirchentellinsfurt in the Neckar Coordinates: 48 ° 32 ′ 0 ″ N , 9 ° 8 ′ 20 ″ E 48 ° 32 ′ 0 ″ N , 9 ° 8 ′ 20 ″ E;
Mouth height	305.5 m above sea level NHN
Height difference	approx. 271.5 m
Bottom slope	approx. 12 ‰
length	approx. 22.8 km from Echazquellen
	approx. 23.8 km from Ohafels
Catchment area	135.571 km²

The Echaz is an approximately 23 km long river in central Baden-Württemberg , which drains part of the central Albtrauf in the vicinity of the city of Reutlingen to the northwest to the upper Neckar , into which it flows from the right at Kirchentellinsfurt .

geography

Echo sources

The lower Echaz sources

Small karst spring, crosses the path in the steep Tobeltal

The origin of the Echaz is hard on the Albtrauf south of the Honau district of the Lichtenstein community . The Echaz springs are located below Lichtenstein Castle at an altitude of 577 m above sea level. NHN at the southeast tip of the wedging open corridor of a valley that continues as a wooded and steep ravine upwards for almost a kilometer to the Ohafelsen . The ravine is mostly dry. Several very small karst springs can become active when the karst water level is higher.

These karst springs pour from 60 l / s to 2,000 l / s, on average around 680 l / s. Water escapes in several places and collects in the stream bed. However, a large part of the spring water is captured and, after treatment, fed into the region's drinking water supply, which also uses other water, for example from Lake Constance.

The lower Echaz springs pour the most. In the karst aquifer, they have an underground catchment area of around 90 km² , which continues beyond the very close above-ground European main watershed on the Albtrauf and far south under the plateau of the Swabian Alb .

The Echaz spring is protected under the protected area number 841-50920044 as an extensive natural monument.

course

View from Albrand to the north over the upper Echaztal and the municipality of Lichtenstein with the districts of Honau - bottom right in the picture - and Unterhausen in the background, Lichtenstein Castle on the left (August 2008)

The Echaz continues to flow through Lichtenstein, the Unterhausen district and the cities of Pfullingen and Reutlingen . As early as the Middle Ages, craft businesses settled there on its shores, followed by industrial companies from the 19th century, which heavily polluted the Echaz with their wastewater until the mid-1980s. Below Wannweil , the river leaves the Reutlingen district and then flows from the right at Kirchentellinsfurt to 305.5 m above sea level. NHN in the Neckar . The river has a mean bed gradient of about 12 ‰ on the approximately 22.8 km stretch from the Echaz springs to the mouth.

Tributaries

List of tributaries from the source to the mouth. Water lengths usually according to LUBW-FG10 (data record entries), catchment areas according to LUBW-GEZG, lake areas according to LUBW-SG10, height information according to the contour image on the geodata viewer. Other sources for the information are noted.

The highest possible source of the Echaz at the Ohafelsen south below Lichtenstein Castle at about 690 m above sea level. NHN .

Langwiesenbach , from the left in southern Lichtenstein , 1.2 km and 1.9 km².
Reißenbach , from the left in Lichtenstein, 2.3 km and 5.0 km².
Stahlecker Bach from the Zellertal , from the right on the northern edge of Lichtenstein- Unterhausen , 3.1 km and 8.9 km².
Heergassenbach , from the right in Pfullingen into the Echaz Canal there, 1.3 km.
Eierbach , from the left on the southern edge of Pfullingen , 5.0 km and 12.3 km².
Arbach , from the right between Pfullingen and Reutlingen , 6.7 km and 22.1 km².
Kaibach , from the left in Reutlingen- Betzingen , 4.3 km and 5.4 km².
Leyrenbach , from the right in Betzingen, 1.2 km.
Breitenbach , from the left in Betzingen, 8.9 km and 16.8 km².
Ersbergbach , from the right at the Betzingen sewage treatment plant, 0.8 km.
Fallenbach , from the right before Wannweil, 0.7 km.
Firstbach , from the left in Wannweil , 7.1 km and 6.8 km².
Klingwiesenbach , from the right in Wannweil, 1.5 km and 1.0 km².
Heckbach , from the left in Wannweil, 4.9 km and 13.2 km².
Schützenhausgraben , from the right in the north of Wannweiler, 0.7 km.
Waldrandbächle , from the right in the north of Wannweiler, 0.3 km.
Grenzgraben , from the right at the municipality border to Kirchentellinsfurt , 1.0 km.

muzzle

Mouth of the Echaz on the western edge of Kirchentellinsfurt at 305.5 m above sea level. NHN . The water here is 23.8 km long from the Ohafelsen and has a catchment area of 135.6 km².

Flood 2013

After prolonged rainfall in late May and early June, the flood disaster in Central Europe in 2013 also affected the towns in the upper Echaz valley between Lichtenstein and Reutlingen .

use

The power of Echaz water is still used today to generate electricity, partly with historical systems such as the Baumannschen Mühle in Pfullingen with electricity for up to 40 households, partly even with modern, newly built systems such as at Reutlingen's ZOB (electricity for 30 households). Up to 34 water drives were in use in Pfullingen in the 19th century, and 27 in Reutlingen.

Fish farming started early on at Echaz . For example, Honau was first mentioned in a document in connection with fishing rights . Even today Honau is widely known for its restaurants with trout specialties.

Themed trails

The Echaz water experience path was set up in Pfullingen in 2005 , and the Echaz riverside path in Reutlingen has been around for several years , both of which deal with the ecology and geology of the river. In Betzingen it is worth taking a look at the snail plaster in the Echaz bed by the new school building.

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of the Echaz
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

↑ ^a ^b Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .

↑ Height according to the blue lettering on the background layer topographic map .

↑ Length according to the water network layer (AWGN) , reduced by the short initial section from the Ohafels to the Echaz springs measured on the topographic map background layer.

↑ Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .

↑ Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .

Other evidence

^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
↑ Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
↑ Flood forecast center , State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (adopted on 04.03.2019)
↑ Echaztal: Halls and parish hall flooded , report of the Reutlinger General-Anzeiger on the Echaz flood 2013 from June 2, 2013

literature

Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as a single sheet No. 7420 Tübingen, No. 7421 Metzingen, No. 7520 Mössingen, No. 7521 Reutlingen and No. 7621 Trochtelfingen

Web links

Commons : Echaz - collection of images, videos and audio files

Measuring table sheets in the Deutsche Fotothek :
- 7420 Tübingen from 1901
- 7421 Metzingen
- 7520 Mössingen from 1911
- 7521 Reutlingen from 1908
- 7621 Trochtelfingen / Undingen from 1910

Echatz. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 8, Leipzig 1734, column 116.

[TK-HLB-Höhe-3] Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .

[TK-Blau-Höhe-4] Height according to the blue lettering on the background layer topographic map .

[GeNe-reduziert-Länge-5] Length according to the water network layer (AWGN) , reduced by the short initial section from the Ohafels to the Echaz springs measured on the topographic map background layer.

[GeNe-Länge-6] Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .

[BEZG-Summe-EZG-7] Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .

[BfL-170-1] Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)

[BfL-178-2] Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)

[DE-BW_HVZ-8] Flood forecast center , State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (adopted on 04.03.2019)

[RGA-Überschwemmung-2013-9] Echaztal: Halls and parish hall flooded , report of the Reutlinger General-Anzeiger on the Echaz flood 2013 from June 2, 2013