Edgar Manas
Edgar Manas Efendi ( Armenian Էտկառ Մանաս ; born April 12, 1875 in Istanbul , Ottoman Empire ; † March 9, 1964 ibid) was a Turkish composer, conductor and musicologist. The ethnic Armenian is one of the three co-authors of the Turkish national anthem ( İstiklâl Marşı ) because he created the instrumental and orchestral version of the national anthem.
origin
Edgar's father, the Armenian Alexandre Manas, was the chief translator within the Ottoman public debt administration. The Manas family comes from Kayseri , the lineage is traced back to the middle of the 17th century. Raphael Manas (1710–1790), a state painter of the Ottoman Empire, was one of the most famous personalities of the Manas family: He painted the portraits of the sultans Mahmud I , Osman III. and Mustafa III.
Early life
Edgar Manas himself was born in Istanbul on April 12, 1875 . The artistically and technically gifted young Edgar was sent to Italy at the age of 13 , where he attended the Armenian Murat Raphaelian School to study trade and commerce. In Venice he also had piano lessons with Professor Trivellini. After graduating in 1894, he returned to his hometown. However, his impulse to continue his musical studies drew him back to Italy , where he settled in Padua and worked with the composer Luigi Bottazzo, focusing on harmony, counterpoint and fugue.
Professional career
In 1912 he made the acquaintance of Komitas , the founding father of modern Armenian music . Their relationship was cordial, but not particularly close either, as Manas and Komitas lived in "different aesthetic worlds".
In the same year the Leipzig publisher Breitkopf & Härtel published two of Edgar Manas' compositions - Suite for piano and String Quartet . Other European publishing houses followed, including Salabert, Senard and Hamelle.
His String Quartet first appeared on May 6, 1921 at the Union française. Members of the quartet were the violin player Ekrem Zeki Ün, Krikor Garabedian , violin player Diran Israelian and the cellist Kalayov. Here Manas showed his piano suite and accompanied the soprano A. Khandjian on a number of songs. A few years later the quartet was presented in Leipzig with great public success. Martin Friedland wrote in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik :
“This quartet ... comes from a classical-neo-romantic sphere of emotions and thoughts. It begins with a fughetta, which is based on a rhythmic theme full of character, and is followed by a concise, stocky staccato scherzo with a cantilever lento in place of the trio. A short Adagio, named “Lied”, with great melodic arcs, follows as the third movement, and a lively and spirited flowing “Finale”, full of inner life, closes the concise work. Without looking for new territory in terms of harmony or form, it shows the hand of a musician who is well acquainted with the peculiarities of the quartet style, who does excellent thematic work and who satisfies honest, any affectation-repellent form and design. A piece worth listening to as well as playing. "
Manas soon rose to the directorate of the Քնար ( lyre ) choir , accompanied by the Armenian Youth League in Constantinople. Between 1920 and 1922 he joined the Musikverein Արուեստասէր (Devotee of the Arts) . At his last concert on January 20, 1922, the program also included Manas' own composition Իմ մահը ("My Death").
Manas taught music at the Armenian Esayan Day School and was hired in 1923 at the Dârülelhan (predecessor of the Istanbul State Conservatory) to conduct the orchestra and to lead the first women's choir of the newly founded Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk . Manas also taught harmony at the Bahariye Mektep Bandosu ve Orkestrası . The vocal-symphonic ensemble of the Conservatory presented their first concert on March 28, 1924 in the Galatasaray High School . The program included excerpts from Saint-Saënss Samson et Dalila , Giacomo Meyerbeer's L'Africaine , Schumann's Nänie , as well as orchestral works by Gluck , Schmitt, Schumann and Mendelssohn .
In 1923 Hamelle published a collection of songs by Manas based on Armenian poetry , but presented in their French translation by Yetvart Kolandjian. In 1924 he published his Sonata on violin and piano, which premiered on December 19, 1932 at the main auditorium of the Paris Conservatory and received critical acclaim. Kevork Sinanian was the violinist.
In February 1926 Salabert von Paris printed Manas 'piano work, Les îles des princes ( Princes' Islands ). The composition consisted of four parts, each of them depicting one of the main islands of the archipelago in the Marmara Sea .
Edgar Manas is known for his composition of İstiklâl Marşı , the Turkish national anthem. In 1932 he was commissioned by the Turkish state to harmonize and orchestrate the melody created by Zeki Üngör . In 1933 a choir of 160 members sang his Vatan Şarkısı ( Song of the Fatherland) at the Tepebaşı Theater in Istanbul . In the following year Manas arranged and published 5 Türk Halk Şarkısı (Five Turkish Folk Songs ) and in 1935 composed the Danses populaires Turques ( Turkish Folk Dances ) for piano, published in Paris by Editions Maurice Senard.
Manas became choirmaster of the Գողթան երգչախումբ ( The Choir of Goghtn ) of the Armenian Patriarchate Church in Istanbul, where he served for twenty years until 1957. His Rapsodie de l'orient was performed in 1959 by the Istanbul District Orchestra under the direction of Cemal Reşit Rey .
The most famous church music by Edgar Manas is the Divine Liturgy for soloists, choir and organ. It was originally created in 1912, but its final shape was completed in 1948. Large-scale compositions premiered in Istanbul in 1961 and were published in Vienna in 1962 . In the printed evaluation, the composer writes:
“Compared to the Latin Mass, which consists of five movements of various lengths, the Armenian Divine Liturgy is made of several short segments that are interconnected. In order to avoid any kind of monotony and to conclude the work with a proper ending, I decided to augment certain numbers ... and finish the composition with a chorale and fugue. This particular Divine Liturgy with organ obbligato, reserved for special occasions, requires a big chorus in order to project the necessary volume in loud portions, and create an even and opaque sonority in soft passages. "
Edgar Manas died on March 9, 1964 in Istanbul and is buried in the Catholic Pangaltı Cemetery in Şişli .
Compositions
Orchestral
- Symphony in G minor (1935)
- Symphonietta
- Les îles des princes , suite
- Deux pièces
- Rapsodie de l'Orient
church
- Oratorio, vv, chorus, orch. (Խորհուրդ խորին, Հրեշտակային, Ի բարութեանց, Յայս յարկ, Ամէն. Եւ ընդ հոգւոյդ քում, Օրհնեցից զՏէր) (1912)
- Tantum Ergo (Latin text by St. Thomas Aquinas ), male three-part choir
- Հինգ հոգևոր երգ - Նշանաւ, Ի յամուլ երկրէ, Մայր լուսոյն, Տէր թագաւորեաց, Ով երանելիդ (Five Sacred Melodies), vv, choir (arr. For pf)
- Երգեցողութիւն Ս. Պատարագի (Armenian Divine Liturgy), vv, choir, org. (1962)
Secular choir
- Աղբիւրին առջև (by The Fountainhead / text by Kurken Trentz), male choir
- Աշնանային (Autumnal / text unknown), choir, pf (arr.a cappella)
- Որսկան աղբէր, Գութանի երգը (Plow Song / Text by Hovhannes Tumanyan ), choir (1939)
- Իմ մահը (My Death / Text by Bedros Tourian ), choir
- Le livre de la vie (text by Alphonse de Lamartine ), two-part choir
- Լոյսդ տեսայ (I Witnessed Your Light / Text by Toros Azadyan), male choir
- Ծաղիկ մ՚է սիրտն (The heart Is a Flower / Text by Toros Azadyan), male choir
- Հինգ խմբերգ - Վարդերգ, Գարուններ, Գարնան անձրև, Կեանքը, Բաղձանք (Five choral pieces / text by Kurken Trentz) Chor, pf (arr.chor, orch.)
- Altın Yüzük, Havuz Başı (Golden Ring, By the Fountain), choir, pf (arr.)
- İndim Dere Beklerim, Şahin (Waiting by the River, Eagle), Chor, pf (arr.)
stage
- Ձիւնափայլին վախճանը (children's operetta)
Songs (with piano)
- Անցեալին (In the Past / Text by Toros Azadyan)
- Դարդըս լացէք (Feel My Pain / Text by Avetik Isahakyan - 1947)
- Երեք երգեր - Հրաւէր, Գիշերային, Գարնանային (Three Songs / Text by Toros Azadyan)
- Ըղձանք (Desire / text by Kurken Trentz)
- 5 Türk Halk Şarkısı - Ahmet, Kara tavuk, Aşkın, Yalı havası, Dama çıkma (Five Turkish Folk Songs - 1934)
- Հին մեղեդին, Երգ (Ancient Melody, song / text by Malvine Valideyan)
- Preghiera dell'alba (text by A. Negri)
- Սիրերգ (Love song / Text by Misak Medzarents )
- Vocalise for 3 voices
- Հծծիւններ (Whispers / Text Kurken Trentz - 1963)
- Pepo (from the movie score by Aram Khachaturian ), (arr.)
chamber
- Piano Quintet
- String Quartet
- Sonata for vn and pf (1923)
piano
- impromptu
- Minuet-Valse (1905)
- Suite ( Romance en forme de valse , Chanson paysanne , Mazurka - 1912)
- Deux Preludes et fugues, C, f
- Les îles des princes
- Petite suite ( Bourrée, Aria, Toccata )
- Danses populaires Turques (Oyun havası, Divan, Zeybek oyun havası, Ağır zeybek oyunu, Gelin havası, Ağır zeybek oyun havası, Zeybek oyun havası)
- Allegro symphonique , 4 hands (1908)
- Petite piece , 4 hands
- Melody popular , 4 hands
literature
- Pars Tuğlacı (1986). Mehterhane'den Bando'ya . Cem Yayımevi, Istanbul. Pages 181-9.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edgar Manas Biyografisi
- ↑ Mayda Saris (2005). Armenian Painting: From the Beginning to the Present . Agos Press. Pages 107-9. ISBN 975-8856-01-4 .
- ↑ Ս. Թէոդորեան։Պատմութիւն Մուրատեան վարժարանի։ Paris, 1857, Vol. I.
- ↑ Ցիցիլիա Բրուտեան (1968). Սփյուռքի հայ երաժիշտները . «Հայաստան» հրատարակչություն, Երևան. P. 406.
- ^ The New Music Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980). Vol XVI, p. 409.
- ^ The New Music Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980). Vol XVII, p. 126.
- ^ The New Music Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980). Vol VIII, p. 69.
- ↑ April 21, 1923, p. 184.
- ↑ http://www.esayan.com/
- ^ Istanbul Municipal Conservatory
- ↑ http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/english/socrates/faculty22.htm
- ↑ Edgar Manas (1962). Chants de la liturgie armeniénne . Mechitharists Press, p. IV.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Manas, Edgar |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Composer of the Turkish national anthem |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 12, 1875 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Istanbul |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 9, 1964 |
| Place of death | Istanbul |