Egon von Eickstedt

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Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt (born April 10, 1892 in Jersitz in what was then the province of Posen ; † December 20, 1965 in Mainz ) was a German anthropologist and a leading proponent of racial theory under National Socialism . His theory of the division of mankind into three “great races” was represented in anthropology until the 1990s.

Life

Egon von Eickstedt came from the old Pomeranian noble family of Eickstedt . He spent his school days in Berlin , Dresden and a boarding school in Halberstadt .

He studied anthropology, medicine, philosophy, psychology, ethnology , geography, history and linguistics at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin and at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main . The meeting with the anthropologist and ethnologist Felix von Luschan in the Berlin academic years from 1913 was formative.

During the First World War , von Eickstedt was a medical sergeant. In this capacity, the first anthropological studies of Sikhs prisoners of war who served in the British Army were carried out in 1916 . In 1916 he married Enjo da Costa Macedo, a Brazilian of Portuguese descent . His dissertation on the North Indian Sikhs emerged from the prisoner-of-war investigations in 1920.

In 1921 von Eickstedt became an assistant at the Anatomical Institute of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg under the direction of the anthropologist Eugen Fischer . In 1924 he was appointed head of the anthropological department of the Natural History Museum in Vienna under Otto Reche . In 1926 he worked briefly with the anthropologist Theodor Mollison in Munich . In the same year, von Eickstedt started his first expedition to India , on which he collected extensive anthropological and ethnological data. In 1927 he was briefly an assistant to the geographer Norbert Krebs in Berlin.

During his time in Vienna, Eickstedt established contacts with the publisher Julius Friedrich Lehmann , discussed with him in 1926 the possibility of a “Germany investigation” from a racial point of view, and in the same year contributed an “anthropological-clinical measuring table” to the publishing program of the JF Lehmann Verlag. In 1927 he became the editor of the “Archive for Race Pictures” of the same publisher.

In December 1928, Eickstedt was appointed lecturer at the Medical Faculty of the University of Breslau in absentia . Since he was on a research trip to India, he was given leave of absence until the following summer semester. In the summer of 1929 he completed his habilitation at the Philosophical Faculty and, as a private lecturer, took over the management of the new anthropological institute and the existing ethnographic collection as an associate professor from 1933. At the university he has given lectures on topics of racial hygiene or eugenics since 1929. From 1931 onwards, students and assistants who were Nazi-minded gathered around him. He was known in the local press as a "Nazibaron". After the National Socialists came to power , he applied for membership in the NSDAP on May 1, 1933 and at times wore the party badge for candidate members. His former assistant Walter Jankowsky , himself a member of the NSDAP, achieved with a series of denunciations to NSDAP authorities that Eickstedt's application for membership was rejected. This is attributed to personal, not political, reasons.

Nonetheless, Eickstedts rose to become one of the leading racial theorists under National Socialism. He was appointed associate professor in 1933 and served as a civil servant in 1934. He supported the " Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Offspring " in 1933 with an article and from the summer of 1935 dealt with the National Socialist racial legislation in his lectures. Until 1944 "race studies" and current developments in race politics remained the main topic of his research and teaching activities.

Since 1933, he created " parentage " for the time appointed "Reichssippenamt" in which he in disputed paternity of a person based on their external body features the lineage of " Jews ", " half-Jews " or "quarter Jews" stated and in accordance with the Nuremberg Laws on decided their right to civil rights . From 1936 to 1944, he and his assistants, especially Ilse Schwidetzky , prepared an unknown number of such reports, which covered a large part of their working hours. Eickstedt was one of 13 anthropologists listed by the Reichssippenamt as experts in breed reports. In 1939 he took part in a conference at which these reports were discussed and their alleged scientific reliability and political indispensability were unanimously confirmed. From 1933 onwards, Eickstedt's reports determined the professional fate, and from 1941 onwards under certain circumstances also on the life and death of the persons examined, since "half" and "full Jews" were deported to ghettos, labor and extermination camps. Schwidetzky's post-war claim that Eickstedt's Breslau Institute was not involved in these reports turned out to be false: files on at least eleven reports from the institute signed by Eickstedt and Schwidetzky have been preserved, one of them complete.

In 1934 his main work, Rassenkunde and Rassengeschichte der Menschheit, as well as the shorter text, The racial foundations of the German people, appeared . In 1935 he founded the journal for racial studies and all human research . Together with his assistant Ilse Schwidetzky and NSDAP organizations, he carried out a large-scale regional survey of Silesia .

From 1937 to 1939 he set out on a second expedition to Asia, which took him to India, China, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. The results of the two Asian expeditions were included in his book Rassendynamik von Ostasien (1944). The revision of racial studies and racial history grew into a three-volume work that, in his opinion, included the entire anthropology and was not completed until the 1960s ( Die Forschung am Menschen , 1940–1962). Around 1938 von Eickstedt received an honorary doctorate from the University of Sofia. In May 1940, he had applied for a reassignment of his extraordinary professorship to a full professorship because the leader of the Lecturers' Association had doubts about Eickstedt's fundamental political convictions, which were then warned by the Reich Minister for Science, Education and Public Education in June of the same year.

In 1945 Eickstedt and his wife fled from Breslau. Via Dresden they reached Leipzig, where Eickstedt hoped to receive a professorship at the university. Due to objections from both the works council that he had obtained unjustified material advantages and from the scientific side - "Racism" - he could not get beyond a lecture "Systematic Anatomy (Bones and Muscles)" in the 1946 summer semester. Rather, he was arrested by the Soviet military authorities and subjected to interrogation for three weeks before he was released. However, he escaped internment .

The University of Leipzig put it on the initiative and recommendation of the Dean and Rector Gadamer in September 1945, first at its Faculty of Arts as head of the Anthropological Institute one. However, since the state administration of Saxony did not allow Eickstedt's permanent position as full professor of anthropology and anatomy, which the Philosophical Faculty had applied for in March 1946, and other applications also failed, he resigned the provisional institute management on October 15, 1946 and switched to the newly founded Johannes Gutenberg -Universität Mainz , where he had already been awarded a full professorship on September 29, 1946. The "human research", justified Eickstedt his move, was "rootless in the east". In Mainz, ethnology and anthropology were not considered to be discredited by National Socialism, so that he and his former senior assistant Ilse Schwidetzky took part in the establishment of a new anthropological institute as full professor and director of the Research Institute for Human Studies . The University of Mainz offered him a chair for ethnology. He was accepted as a member of the newly founded German Society for Sociology (DGS), with the DGS chairman Leopold von Wiese personally acting as a godfather. In 1949 Eickstedt re-founded the magazine for racial studies under the name Homo - magazine for comparative human biology . In the 1950s and 1960s von Eickstedt made several research trips to Spain, Morocco and the Middle East. In 1961 he retired. Ilse Schwidetzky was his successor in Mainz and also took over the management of the magazine Homo . Von Eickstedt died in Mainz in 1965 after a heart attack .

On the racial doctrine of Eickstedts

His theses

In his main work, Rassenkunde und Rassengeschichte der Menschheit , published in 1934 , Eickstedt represented a division of mankind into three geographical "great races " ( Europide , Mongolide , Negride ), each of which includes numerous races. This classification was decisive in anthropology until the 1990s. The large breeds developed during the Ice Age in three isolates or “breeding rooms” through mutation and selection .

When classifying Eickstedt based on the external appearance, which he measured with the methods of anthropometry . He postulated that, with the help of his "race formulas", he could determine the proportion of mixed races in the individual and determine the percentage of racial proportions in the population. He assumed the category of “race” as a spatially and temporally invariant quantity that was not destroyed by genetic recombination during reproduction and therefore passed on to the offspring. An experienced scientist can also perceive the breed directly in a “type show” based on visual inspection.

Race system according to von Eickstedt (1934)
Caucasian Mongolid Negride
Blond Breed Belt:

Nordide, Teutonordide, Dalofälide, Fennonordide, Eastern European
 

Polar belt:

Sibiride, West Siberide, East Siberide, Eskimide
 
 

Contact belt:

Ethiopids, North Ethiopids, East Ethiopids, Central Ethiopids, Indomelanids, South Melanids, North Melanids

Brown race belt:

Mediterranide, Grazilmediterranide, Eurafrikanide, Berberide, Orientalide, Indide, Grazilindide, Nordindinide, Indobrachide, Pazifide, Polineside, Microneside

North Mongolide:

Tungide, Sinide, North Sinide, Middle Sinide, South Sinide
 
 
 

West Negro:

Sudanide, Nilotide, Kafride, Palänegride
 
 
 

Mountain ridge belt:

Alpinide, Westalpinide, Lappide, Dinaride, Armenide, Turanide, Aralide, Pamiride

South Mongolide:

Palämongolide, Palaungide, Neside
 

Eastern Negroid:

Neomelaneside, Palämelaneside, Australide
 

Old European:

Weddide, Wedda, Gondide, Malide, Toalide, Ostweddide, Ainuide

Indianide:

Indianide
 

Khoisanids:

Khoisanide, Khoide, Sanide
 

North Indianide:

Pazifide, Zentralide, Silvide, Planide, Appalacide, Margide

Pygmids:

Bambutide, Negritide, Aetide, Semangide, Andamanide
 

South Indianide:

Andide, Patagonide, Brasilide, Lagide, Fuegide, Südfuegide, Huarpide

For him Japan was the "most dangerous biological and economic opponent of all Europeans" (p. 886). He called migration movements from the countries of the southern periphery of Europe a “colored danger” which preceded the military conquest of Europe as “immigration movement and economic influence” (p. 887). He saw education in Asia as a threat and "greatest racial betrayal in world history", since the "immature" Asians with their "half-education in all their arrogance and bigotry, with their lower instincts and their hatred of everything higher" became the leaders against Europe would (p. 887). He described the Negride, Drawidas and Southeast Asians as "primitive races" who remained behind forever in an infantile stage of development. He compared Aborigines , Tamils and Veddas with young gorillas ( Research on humans . Volume 1, p. 53 f.).

Reception after the Nazi era

Eickstedt's Selected Photographs on the Racial Studies of the German People (1933) were placed on the list of literature to be segregated in the Soviet occupation zone and his The Racial Foundations of German Volkstums (1941) in the German Democratic Republic . However, in the History of Biology published in the GDR in 1985 , he is recognized as an important anthropologist and racial theorist.

Eickstedt's theory of the division of mankind into three “great races” was represented in popular West German lexicons until the 1990s.

According to the human biologist Horst Seidler and the doctor Andreas Rett , Eickstedt was a creator of “race-diagnostic formulas” that were used in the Nazi state to implement the Nuremberg Laws (1935). These simple formulas in Nazi literature Eickstedtsche race formulas called targeted the "racial" classification of a person after five physical criteria ( height , face shape , nose shape , hair color , eye color from) that the Nazi canon of six European "system breeds" ("Nordic, Western, Eastern, Eastern Baltic, Dinaric, Fälische race") were assigned. Eickstedt was erroneously convinced that in addition to outward appearance, a person's character and behavior are also determined by “race”.

For the science historian Benoît Massin, Eickstedt was “more of a moderate academic National Socialist”. As with Eickstedt's expert work for the Reichssippenamt “anthropologists and human geneticists as race experts determined the professional fate and, from 1941, the fate of a few thousand people with 'unclear origins'.” Ernst Klee stated: “Eickstedt was quite unabashedly praising himself on December 31 In 1940 in a memorandum to the Reich Minister of Education, he struggled against mountains of opposition for a biological worldview and for the racial idea 'like not a single second scholar in Germany or around the world'. "

From the beginning of the 1990s, student working groups at the universities in Mainz and Hamburg scandalized the Breslau School and Eickstedt. Both working groups dealt with Eickstedt's racism and its work on Nazi persecution and expansion practices as well as the tradition and apologetics based on it.

Publications

Monographs (selection)
  • The racial foundations of the German people. Schaffstein Verlag, Cologne 1934.
  • Racial Studies and Racial History of Humanity. Enke, Stuttgart 1934.
  • Basics of Racial Psychology. Enke, Stuttgart 1936.
  • Racial Dynamics of East Asia. China and Japan, Tai and Kmer from prehistoric times to today. De Gruyter, Berlin 1944.
  • Research on humans. 3 volumes. Enke, Stuttgart 1940–1963.
  • Turks, Kurds and Iranians since ancient times. Problems of an anthropological journey. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1961.
published magazines
  • Journal of racial studies and all human research. 1935-1944.
  • Homo. Journal for Comparative Human Research. 1949 ff.
Articles (selection)
  • Racial elements of the Sikh. In: Journal of Ethnology . Volume 52/53, 1920-21, pp. 317-368.
  • Contributions to the racial morphology of the soft tissue nose. In: Journal of Morphology and Anthropology. Volume 25, 1925, pp. 171-220.
  • The Negritos and the Negrito Problem. In: Anthropologischer Anzeiger. Volume 4, 1927, pp. 275-293.
  • The Negritos of the Andaman Islands. In: Anthropologischer Anzeiger. Volume 5, 1928, pp. 251-268.
  • The Central Deccan and the Racial Organization of India. In: Anthropologischer Anzeiger. Volume 8, 1931, pp. 89-103.
  • The anthropological position of Indochina. In: Journal of Morphology and Anthropology. Volume 34, 1934, pp. 79-83.
  • The Mediterranean in Wales. In: Zeitschrift für Rassenkunde. Volume 1, 1935, pp. 19-64.
  • Holistic Anthropology. In: Zeitschrift für Rassenkunde. Volume 3, 1936, pp. 1-10.
  • Hormones and soil. The pose of a problem. In: Regional Studies Research. Festschrift for Norbert Krebs. Stuttgart 1936, pp. 67-82.
  • Breeds in the Silesian area. The meaning and results of the RUS. In: spatial research and spatial planning. Volume 3, 1939, pp. 424-436.
  • What did the Huns look like? An anthropological-historical study. In: Zeitschrift für Rassenkunde. Volume 13, 1942, pp. 217-250.
  • Ethnological problems in the Sahara. The Anthropology of the Tuareg and Tebu and the Racial History of the Ancient Western Ethiopians. In: Contributions to colonial research. Proceedings I, 1943, pp. 169-240.
  • Biodynamics of the Europids. In: Historia Mundi. Volume 1. Munich 1952, pp. 115-134.
  • Racial types and type dynamics of Asia. In: Historia Mundi. Volume 1, Munich 1952, pp-147-166.
  • The origin of the Indians. In: India and Germany. Nehru Festschrift. 1956, pp. 48-70.
  • Anthropology with and without Anthropos. In: Homo. Volume 14, 1963, pp. 1-16.

literature

House historiography

  • Ilse Schwidetzky: Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt. In: Homo. Volume 3, 1952, pp. 49-56.
  • Ilse Schwidetzky: Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt. Concept and form of the living human being. In: Hans Schwerte , Wilhelm Spengler (ed.): Researchers and scientists in Europe today. 2. Physicians, biologists, anthropologists. Stalling, Oldenburg 1955, pp. 317-324
  • Ilse Schwidetzky: Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt April 10, 1892 - December 20, 1965. In: Homo . Volume 16, 1965, pp. 197-200
  • Ilse Schwidetzky & A. Kandler-Palsson, R. Knußmann , FW Rösing: Biography of Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt (April 10, 1892– December 20, 1965). In: Homo. Volume 43, 1992, pp. 3-28.

Scientific

  • Heidrun Kaupen-Haas, Christian Saller: Scientific racism. Analysis of continuity in human and natural sciences. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-593-36228-7 .
  • Andreas Lüddecke: Races, Skulls and Scholars. On the political functionality of anthropological research and teaching in the tradition of Egon von Eickstedt. Peter Lang, Bern 2000, ISBN 3-631-37081-4 .
  • Uwe Hoßfeld : History of biological anthropology in Germany. From the beginning until the post-war period. Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08563-7 .
  • Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai, Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here in particular pp. 519-522 and 525.
  • Dirk Preuß: “Anthropologist and research traveler”: Biography and anthropology of Egon Freiherr von Eickstedts (1892–1965). Utz, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0
  • Katja Müller: The Eickstedt Collection from South India: Differentiated Perceptions of Colonial Photographs and Objects. Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2015, ISBN 978-3-631-66619-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Horst Seidler and Andreas Rett: The Reichssippenamt decides. Racial Biology in National Socialism , Vienna, Jugend und Volk 1982, p. 59, p. 188.
  2. Dirk Preuss: Anthropologist and explorer. Biography and anthropology of Egon Freiherr von Eickstedts (1892–1965), p. 14 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  3. Archive for race pictures Munich: JF Lehmanns Verl. In: d-nb.info. June 1, 2019, accessed January 9, 2015 .
  4. Dirk Preuss: Anthropologist and explorer. Herbert Utz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0 , p. 30 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. Katja Müller: The Eickstedt Collection from South India . Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2015, ISBN 978-3-631-66619-7 , pp. 89-93 .
  6. Dirk Preuß: "Anthropologist and research traveler". Herbert Utz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0 , p. 51f ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  7. Dirk Preuss: Anthropologist and explorer. Herbert Utz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0 , p. 60 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  8. ^ A b Heidrun Kaupen-Haas: Scientific racism. Campus Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-3-593-36228-1 , p. 24 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  9. Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai, Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: p. 514.
  10. Dirk Preuß: "Anthropologist and research traveler". Herbert Utz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0 , p. 57 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  11. ^ Hans-Christian Harten: Racial hygiene as an educational ideology of the Third Reich. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-05-004841-3 , p. 324 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  12. ^ Norbert Kapferer : The Nazification of Philosophy at the University of Breslau, 1933–1945. LIT Verlag Münster, 2001, ISBN 978-3-8258-5451-5 , p. 112 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  13. ^ Till Philip Koltermann: The fall of the Third Reich as reflected in the German-Japanese cultural encounter 1933-1945. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-06072-1 , p. 31 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  14. Dirk Preuss: Anthropology after Haeckel. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-515-08902-9 , p. 103 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  15. Dirk Preuß: "Anthropologist and research traveler". Herbert Utz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0 , p. 71f ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  16. Alexandra Przyrembel : "Rassenschande". Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003, ISBN 978-3-525-35188-8 , pp. 120–123 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  17. Dirk Preuß: "Anthropologist and research traveler". Herbert Utz Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8316-0872-0 , p. 67 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  18. James F. Tent: In the Shadow of the Holocaust. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-16306-8 , p. 28 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  19. ^ Heidrun Kaupen-Haas: Scientific racism. Campus Verlag, 1999, ISBN 978-3-593-36228-1 , p. 41 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  20. ^ Bernhard vom Brocke: Population science - Quo vadis? Possibilities and problems of a history of population science in Germany. With a systematic bibliography. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 1998, ISBN 978-3-8100-2070-3 , p. 417.
  21. Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai, Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: pp. 519 f.
  22. Dirk Preuss, "Anthropologist and Researcher". Biography and anthropology of Egon von Eickstedts (1892–1965), Jena 2006, p. 139ff.
  23. Albrecht Scholz, Thomas Barth, Anna-Sophia Pappai, Axel Wacker: The fate of the teaching staff of the Medical Faculty in Breslau after the expulsion in 1945/46. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 24, 2005, pp. 497-533, here: pp. 520-522 and 525.
  24. This and the preceding information: Dirk Preuß, "Anthropologist and research traveler". Biography and anthropology of Egon von Eickstedts (1892–1965), Jena 2006, p. 152.
  25. Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Supplement 3; also dissertation Würzburg 1995), ISBN 3-88479-932-0 , p. 173.
  26. Henning Borggräfe, Sonja Schnitzler: The German Society for Sociology and National Socialism. Association-internal transformations after 1933 and after 1945. In: Michaela Christ, Maja Suderland (Ed.): Sociology and National Socialism. Positions, debates, perspectives. Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2014, pp. 445–479, here p. 462.
  27. a b See the contributions "Human races " from the environment of the "Mainzer Schule", in: Herder Lexikon der Biologie , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin / Oxford 1994, pp. 402f. and 406-408; Helmut Hemmer: "The Races Diversity of Mankind", in Herbert Wendt, Norbert Loacker (ed.): Kindler's Enzyklopädie der Mensch , Volume II, Kindler, Zurich 1982, pp. 315–338; Or John R. Baker, who belongs to the IAAEE : Race , Oxford University Press, London / New York / Toronto 1974, German: Die Rassen der Menschheit , Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1976, licensed edition Pawlak, Herrsching 1989.
  28. ^ Letter E, list of literature to be discarded. Published by the German Administration for Public Education in the Soviet Occupation Zone. Second addendum. In: polunbi.de. September 1, 1948, accessed January 9, 2015 .
  29. ^ Letter E, list of literature to be discarded. Published by the Ministry for National Education of the German Democratic Republic. Third addendum. In: polunbi.de. April 1, 1952, accessed January 9, 2015 .
  30. Ilse Jahn , Rolf Löther, Konrad Senglaub (eds.): History of Biology , Jena 1985, pp. 547f.
  31. Horst Seidler, Andreas Rett: The Reichssippenamt decides. Racial Biology in National Socialism , Vienna, Youth and People 1982, p. 59ff.
  32. Brigitte Fuchs: Race, people, gender. Anthropological Discourses in Austria 1850–1960. Campus, 2003, p. 282 ( limited preview in Google book search); independently of it Joachim Rotberg, Against Hitler and Hegel. Proclamation and reception of the encyclical "With burning concern" in the Diocese of Limburg , In: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History 59, 2007, p. 424.
  33. Horst Seidler, Andreas Rett: The Reichssippenamt decides. Racial Biology in National Socialism , Vienna, Youth and People 1982, p. 60ff.
  34. Benoît Massin: Anthropology and human genetics under National Socialism or: How do German scientists write their own history of science? In: Christian Saller and Heidrun Kaupen-Haas: Scientific racism. Analysis of a continuity in the human and natural sciences. Campus, 1999, p. 25.
  35. Massin, p. 41.
  36. ^ Ernst Klee: German Medicine in the Third Reich. Careers before and after 1945 , Fischer, 2001, p. 263.
  37. ^ AG against Rassenkunde (Ed.): Your bones, your reality. Texts against racist and sexist continuity in human biology. Unrast Verlag 1998.