Ehrwald Basin
Coordinates: 47 ° 24 ′ 2 ″ N , 10 ° 54 ′ 4 ″ E
The Ehrwalder Basin is a broad valley in the Tyrolean Ausserfern . The majority of this is taken up by a partially drained moor area, the Lermooser Moos . Parts of it form the Ehrwalder Becken nature reserve , which is home to a large variety of endangered animal and plant species.
Location and landscape
The Ehrwald basin is approx. 3.5 km² and lies at an altitude of 963 m above sea level. A. It is framed by the Wetterstein Mountains with the striking Zugspitze massif in the northeast, the Mieminger chain with the Sonnenspitze in the southeast, the Lechtal Alps with the Grubigstein in the southwest and the Ammergau Alps with the Daniel in the northwest. The ground is flat, only individual wooded toma hills protrude. The Tummebichl as the highest of them rises at 996 m above sea level. A. around 30 meters above the valley floor.
The straightened Loisach flows through the basin from south to north . Numerous smaller streams flow to it from the surrounding slopes, most of which previously seeped away into the moor. Larger tributaries are the Geißbach from the right from the Gaistal and the Lussbach from the left from the Zwischenentoren . Due to the wetland, the settlements are on the edge of the basin: Ehrwald in the east, Biberwier in the south and Lermoos in the west.
There are traffic connections in the south over the Fernpass to the Inn Valley , in the north-west through the Zwischenentoren into the Lechtal , in the north along the Loisach to Garmisch-Partenkirchen and (without road connections) in the east over the Ehrwalder Alm into the Gaistal and further into the Leutasch . Most of the through traffic is now routed through the Lermoos tunnel past the basin. The Ausserfernbahn runs along the northern edge .
history
Probably the Loisach originally drained south through the Gurgltal to the Inn . Due to a massive landslide around 4100 years ago, today's Fernpass was filled up and the Loisach drain was blocked. As a result, a lake formed in today's Ehrwald Basin, which eventually found a drain to the north into the Werdenfels Basin, silted up, and thus formed the moor.
The Romans built the Via Claudia Augusta through the middle of the moor, with thousands of tree trunks floating in the moor. Remains of this so-called “beatings road” preserved in the moor were discovered in the 20th century.
In the 16th century, Archduke Ferdinand II wanted to dam the basin back into a lake and have a pleasure palace built on the Tummebichl, which then stood out as an island, but at the request of the communities concerned, he stopped doing this. In order to be able to use the area more agriculturally, the drainage of the bog with the help of drainage ditches began in the 19th century, and the work was completed in the 1930s.
Nature reserve
A 28.6 hectare area was placed under protection in 1991. In addition to the central part of the moor landscape, the Ehrwalder Becken nature reserve also includes an approximately 800 m long oxbow lake of the Loisach in the north of the basin. In the central area of the wetland there is a transitional moor , which is surrounded by a small-sedge fen and marsh grass meadows . Typical plant species in the transitional moor include peat moss , common cranberry , cotton grass , rosemary heather and round-leaved sundew . In the Kleinseggenmoor there are numerous types of orchids such as broad-leaved orchid , swamp glossy herb , and swamp stendelwort , as well as irises , lung gentian and flour primrose .
The sanctuary is also an important habitat for insects, including 126 species of butterflies. 51 bird species have been recorded in the entire area, many of which appear on the Red Lists of endangered animal species in Tyrol and Austria. In particular the oxbow lake of the Loisach offers good breeding conditions for birds. a. Whinchat , red-backed killer , marsh warbler , tree pipit , linnet and carminer .
Web links
- Tyrolean protected areas: Ehrwald Basin
- Regional development Ausserfern: Protected area Ehrwalder Becken
Individual evidence
- ↑ University of Innsbruck: Worldwide new method for dating landslides developed in Innsbruck
- ^ Otto Ampferer : The landslides at the entrance to the Ötztal and on the Fernpass. In: Negotiations of the Kaiserlich-Königliche Geologische Reichsanstalt. No. 3, 1904, pp. 73-84, ( PDF; 1.5 MB ).
- ↑ Via Claudia Augusta - route description section "Tirol" ( Memento from July 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Heinz Groth, Rudolf Wutscher: Lechtal Alps. Area guide for hikers and mountaineers . 6th edition. Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-7633-3261-8 , p. 21 .