Elonichthys

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elonichthys
Elonichthys peltigerus

Elonichthys peltigerus

Temporal occurrence
Mississippium to Upper Perm
345 to 254 million years
Locations
Systematics
Sub-stem : Vertebrates (vertebrata)
Superclass : Jaw mouths (Gnathostomata)
Class : Ray fins (Actinopterygii)
Order : Palaeonisciformes
Family : Elonichthyidae
Genre : Elonichthys
Scientific name
Elonichthys
Gable , 1848

Elonichthys is an extinct genus of the order Actinopterygii . This with Ganoidschuppen provided bony fish (Osteichthyes) lived from the Lower Carboniferous to Permian .

Initial description

Elonichthys was scientifically described for the first time in 1848 by Christian Gottfried Giebel from coal seams in the Saale basin near Halle . Further adaptations of the genre come from Woodward (1891), Eastman (1903), Heintz (1934), Aldinger (1937), Gardiner (1960) and Sepkoski (2002).

Taxonomy

According to Gardiner (1962) Elonichthys belongs to the family of Elonichthyidae within the order of the Palaeonisciformes . Sister taxa are Drydenius , Ganolepis and Gonatodus . Schindler (2004) also includes Meisenheimichthys and Rhabdolepis in the Elonichthyidae family. Acrolepis addamsi from the family of Acrolepidae and Mansfieldiscus are also very close in terms of taxonomy . The genus very has many subtaxa such as Elonichthys aitkeni , Elonichthys mohair , Elonichthys browni , Elonichthys buck Landi , Elonichthys contortus , Elonichthys crassidens , Elonichthys disjunctus , Elonichthys egertoni , Elonichthys ellsi , Elonichthys germari , Elonichthys gibbus , Elonichthys gigas , Elonichthys gondwanus , Elonichthys intermedius , Elonichthys krejcii , Elonichthys macropterus , Elonichthys moutai , Elonichthys palatinus , Elonichthys pectinatus , Elonichthys peltigerus , Elonichthys perpennatus , Elonichthys portlocki , Elonichthys pulcherrimus , Elonichthys punctatus , Elonichthys robisoni , Elonichthys semistriatus , Elonichthys serratus , Elonichthys sphaerosideritarum , Elonichthys striatulus and Elonichthys whaitsi . The type fossil is Elonichthys germari . The taxa Blanzychthys prorobisoni and Watsonichthys eupterygius should also be classified as synonyms under Elonichthys .

The taxonomy of the genus Elonichthys is very confused, since so far all possible species of fish remains that are difficult to classify have been included here, which is also evident from the enormous number of subtaxa. The genus Elonichthys is most likely paraphyletic .

features

Elonichthys was a nectic predator who did not grow taller than six to eight inches. With the exception of the head region, his entire body was covered by rather thick, net-like (rhomboid) arranged ganoid scales, which were covered by back-like elevations made of ganoin. These enamel ridges moved diagonally backwards from the animal's front back into the abdominal region, clinging to the lower edge of individual scales in their course. The head was short with eyes set relatively far forward. The very strong dorsal fin was triangular and was located in the middle of the dorsum. The relatively long pair of pectoral fins was slightly curved backwards. There was a small pair of pelvic fins between the pectoral and anal fin . The relatively wide, triangular anal fin was located just below the dorsal fin. The clearly split caudal fin was heterocerk . The strong, sturdy lower and upper jaws were covered with small conical teeth, which can be divided into two populations of different sizes. The plate of the upper jaw (maxillary) was rectangular and very high. The temporomandibular joint was behind the skull. The absence of the suboperculum is characteristic of Elonichthys . The preoperculum with a slightly concave anterior margin was well developed. In addition to the preoperculum and the actual operculum , another triangular operculum was added. The hyomandibular was kinked and included an angle of 145 °, the ventral section being 1/3 shorter than the doral section. The supraorbital was composed of several bones strung together and the suborbital consisted of one or two larger bones. This feature has not yet been observed in Devonian taxa.

Occurrence

Elonichthys , University of Michigan

The following sites are known from Elonichthys :

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Sepkoski, Jack: A compendium of fossil marine animal genera . In: Bulletins of American Paleontology . tape 363 , 2002, p. 1-560 .
  2. ↑ Giebel, CG: Fauna of the pre-world, with constant consideration of the living animals. First volume. Vertebrates. Third division. Fish . Leipzig 1848, p. 467 .
  3. ↑ a b A. Heintz: Fish remains from Lower Permian Norway . In: Reprint from Norsk geologisk tidsskrift . B 14, 1934, p. S176-S194 .
  4. ↑ a b H. Aldinger: Permian ganoid fish from East Greenland . In: Meddelelser om Grønland . tape 102 (3) , 1937, pp. 1-392 .
  5. ↑ Poschmann, M. and Schindler, T .: Sitters and Grügelborn, two important fossil-Lagerstaetten in the Rotliegend (? Late Carboniferous - Early Permian) of the Saar-Nahe Basin (SW-Germany), with the description of a new palaeoniscoid (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) . In: New Yearbook of Geology and Paleontology, Treatises . tape 232 , 2004, p. 283-314 .
  6. ^ Robert L. Carroll: Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution . WH Freeman and Company, New York 1988, ISBN 0-7167-1822-7 .
  7. ↑ C. Teixeira: Elonichthys Moutai C. Teixeira, État actuel de nos connaissances sur la Paléontologie du Karroo de I 'Angola . In: Brotéria (Série de Ciência Naturais) . Vol. XVI (XLIII), fasc. I-II, 1947.
  8. ↑ Woodward, AS: On a Carboniferous fish fauna from the Mansfield district, Victoria . In: Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria . tape 1 , 1906, p. 1-32 .
  9. ↑ Eliseu Vieira Dias, Cristina Silveira Vega and Marcus Vinicius Urbinatti Canhete: Microstructure of paleoniscid fish scales from Irati Formation, Permian (Cisuralian) of Paraná Basin, Brazil . In: gaea Journal of Geoscience . tape 6 (2) , 2010, pp. 69-75 , doi : 10.4013 / gaea.2010.62.03 .
  10. ^ Giebel, CG: Elonichthys. About the fish in shell limestone from Esperstädt . In: New Yearbook for Geology and Paleontology . 1848, p. 149-157 .
  11. ↑ Schindler, T .: Elonichthys palatinus n. Sp., A new species of actinopterygians from the Lower Permian of the Saar-Nahe Basin (SW-Germany) . In: Heidtke, U. (Ed.): New Research on PermoCarboniferous Faunas . tape 29 . Pollichia book, Bad Dürkheim 1993, p. 67-81 .
  12. ^ Heyler, D. & Poplin, C .: Les Poissons stéphaniens du Bassin de Montceau-les-Mines . In: Quand le Massif Central était sous l'Equateur: un écosystème carbonifère à Montceau-les-Mines . Editions all CWRS, Paris 1994, p. 205-222 .
  13. ^ Greiner, HR: The Albert Formation of New Brunswick: a Paleozoic lacustrine model . In: Geologische Rundschau . tape 63 , 1974, pp. 1102-1113 .
  14. ↑ Boyce, WD: Biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental significance of palaeoniscid fish and vascular plant remains from the Snakes Bight Formation (Anguille Group), Codroy area, southwestern Newfoundland . In: Current Research (1986), Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division . Report 86-1, 1986, p. 169-171 .
  15. ↑ Thomas Schindler and Oliver Hampe: A first fish fauna (Chondrichthyes, Acanthodii, Osteichthyes) from the Permocarbon of Lower Austria (Zöbing, NE Krems) with paleo-ecological and biostratigraphic annotations . In: Contribution. Paläont. tape 21 . Vienna 1996, p. 93-103 .
  16. ^ Golubev, UK: Event Stratigraphy and Correlation of Kazanian Marine Deposits in the Stratotype Area . In: Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation . Vol. 9, No. 5, 2001, p. 454-472 .
  17. ↑ Nurgalieva, NG et al: Geochemical examination of the middle-upper Permian rocks, Volga river reference section . In: ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences . VOL. 11, NO. 19, 2016, ISSN  1819-6608 .
  18. ^ Forey, PL and Young, VT: Upper Stephanian fishes from the Puertollano Basin, Ciudad Real, Spain . In: Lemos de Souza, MJ and Wagner, RH (Eds.): Papers on the Carboniferous Iberian Peninsula (Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Tectonics and Geochronology) . 64 (1983) Supplements. Anais da Faculdade de Ciencias do Porto, 1985, p. 233-244 .
  19. ↑ BG Gardiner: Namaichthys schroederi Gürich and other Palaeozoic Fishes from South Africa . In: Palaeontology . tape 5 (1) , 1962, pp. 9-21 .
  20. ↑ Stanislav Stamberg: Carboniferous-Permian actinopterygian fishes of the continental basins of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic: an overview . In: Geological Society London Special Publications . 2006, doi : 10.1144 / GSL.SP.2006.265.01.10 .
  21. ↑ a b A. S. Woodward: Catalog of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. 1891.
  22. ↑ R. Lund: Harpagofututor volsellorhinus new genus and species (Chondrichthyes, Chondrenchelyiformes) from the Namurian Bear Gulch Limestone, Chondrenchelys problematica Traquair (Visean), and their sexual dimorphism . In: Journal of Paleontology . tape 56 (4) , 1982, pp. 938-958 .
  23. ↑ F. Moseley: The Namurian of the Lancaster Fells . In: The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London . tape 109 (1-4) , 1953, pp. 423-454 .
  24. ^ O. Harger: Notice of a new fossil spider from the Coal Measures of Illinois . In: American Journal of Science and Arts, Third Series . tape 7 , 1874, p. 219-223 .
  25. ↑ R. Zangerl: Bandringa rayi: A New Ctenacanthoid Shark form the Pennsylvanian Essex fauna of Illinois . In: Fieldiana Geology . tape 12 , 1969, p. 157-169 .

Web links

Commons : Elonichthys  - collection of images, videos and audio files