Enknach (Inn)
|
Enknach Engelbach (in the upper reaches) |
||
 The Enknach in the beech forest Ranshofen |
||
| Data | ||
| location | Upper Austria | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Inn → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | Moor area in the municipality of Kirchberg near Mattighofen 48 ° 3 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 4 ′ 36 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 470 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | in Braunau in the Inn Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '36 " N , 13 ° 2' 1" E 48 ° 15 '36 " N , 13 ° 2' 1" E |
|
| Mouth height | approx. 350 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | approx. 120 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 3.9 ‰ | |
| length | approx. 31 km | |
| Catchment area | 142.3 km² | |
| Discharge at the Österlehen A Eo gauge : 113.5 km². Location: 8.8 km above the mouth |
MQ Mq |
480 l / s 4.2 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Fillmannsbach | |
| Small towns | Braunau am Inn | |
| Communities | Kirchberg near Mattighofen , Auerbach , Pischelsdorf am Engelbach , Neukirchen an der Enknach | |
| Residents in the catchment area | 8600 (without Braunau) | |
The Enknach is a brook in the Braunau am Inn district in Upper Austria. It is around 31 km long and drains parts of the western Innviertel to the Inn . In the upper reaches up to the union with the Fillmannsbach it is called Engelbach .
course
The Enknach rises as Engelbach in a small moor area on the municipal boundary of Kirchberg bei Mattighofen and Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen near the village of Gietzing (Feldkirchen municipality). After about 3 km the stream seeps into the boggy ground and collects in a new bed about 100 m further. The small stream initially flows at a low current speed through the valley with moors and wet meadows. It passes Pischelsdorf am Engelbach , takes up the Fillmannsbach near Dietzing and is called Enknach in the further course. This continues through Neukirchen an der Enknach , where Neukirchen Castle once stood in a loop of the river , the Lachforst and Ranshofen. In Braunau am Inn it flows into the Inn above the Inn Bridge.
Over its entire length, the Enknach runs largely in a straight line to the north. The gradient from the origin to the mouth is relatively constant with an average of 4.1 ‰, only on the last section towards the Inn does it drop more at 6.8 ‰.
Tributaries
The most important feeder is the Fillmannsbach , which flows into Dietzing ( Neukirchen an der Enknach municipality ) from the left and drains a significantly larger catchment area with 68.2 km² than the Enknach with 41.5 km².
Water flow
The mean discharge at the Österlehen gauge, 8.8 km above the mouth, is 0.48 m³ / s. The very low discharge rate of only 4.2 l / s · km² is due to the seepage of the water of the Enknach and its tributaries after entering the lower terrace of the Inn.
Economic use
The water power has been used on the Enknach since the 12th century, among others by the monks of the Ranshofen monastery . Already at that time it was expanded, artificially raised and its course mostly relocated to the edge of the valley. Today many weir systems are inoperable and only individual mills and sawmills are in operation. Until the 20th century, the water from the Enknach was also used to irrigate the meadows.
environment
The upper reaches of the Enknach are still relatively natural, some of the moors and wet meadows are part of the European protected area "Meadows and lakes in the foothills of the Alps". Below Wagenham (municipality of Pischelsdorf am Engelbach) it is heavily regulated with bank reinforcements and dams and partly runs above the terrain level. At Ranshofen the Enknach flows through the Buchenwald Ranshofen nature reserve , which consists of a pedunculate oak - hornbeam forest on the slopes and an alder - ash brook in the wet areas along the Enknach.
Water quality
The catchment area of the Enknach is relatively sparsely populated (54 inhabitants / km²), but characterized by intensive livestock farming (100 LU / km²). As a result, and due to wastewater, which is only cleaned to a small extent in sewage treatment plants, it is moderately polluted and has quality class II over the entire course .
fauna
The Enknach belongs to the grayling region . It has a great abundance of fish (18 species) and is considered to be very good fishing waters. In addition to a rich stock of grayling, there are gudgeons , cops , bitterlings and tailors , occasional pike , tench and aitel , as well as rainbow and brown trout . Until the 1990s there were still large populations of the critically endangered river crayfish , but they were severely depleted by pollution and the crab plague . As in the Lower Inn , the beaver also occurs in the Enknach .
particularities
The Oichten rises from the same moorland as the Enknach , but runs in exactly the opposite direction and flows into the Salzach after around 21 km near Oberndorf near Salzburg .
It is unusual that the Enknach is a private body of water. The upper course to Dietzing is owned by a private person, the lower course is owned by the fishing association SAC Mattig Braunau, which repeatedly leads to conflicts between owners and neighbors.
literature
- Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government, nature conservation department (ed.): Nature and landscape - models for Upper Austria. Volume 17: Spatial unit Südinnviertler Seengebiet , revised. Version, Braunau am Inn and Linz 2007 ( PDF; 3.4 MB)
- Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government, nature conservation department (ed.): Nature and landscape - models for Upper Austria. Volume 33: Neukirchner Platte room unit , revised. Version, Krems and Linz 2007 ( PDF; 3.3 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government (ed.): Pollinger Ache and Enknach and summary of the results of the Inn and Hausruck districts and their comparison with the central area, investigations on water quality. Status 1992-1995 . Water protection report 12/1995, Linz 1995 ( PDF; 177.4 MB )
- ↑ Digital Upper Austrian Room Information System (DORIS)
- ^ Province of Upper Austria: Geographical Nature Conservation Information System (GENISYS)
- ↑ Michael Brands: Buchenwald near Ranshofen - the newest nature reserve in Upper Austria. In: Informative. A magazine from the Upper Austria Nature Conservation Union. No. 52, December 2008, p. 17 ( PDF; 2.4 MB )
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. State government: water quality maps
- ^ Province of Upper Austria: Securing and developing habitats for the noble crayfish population