Episcia lilacina
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Episcia lilacina |
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Episcia lilacina is a plant type from the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae). It occurs in Central America and northwestern Colombia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Episcia lilacina is a prostrate, perennial , herbaceous plant that has roots in the ground or on rocks . It has no underground shoot organs and often forms large, dense colonies with runners . There are typically two coarse-haired runners per node . The thick, succulent , cylindrical stem is usually very short, rarely up to 20 cm long. It is green to dark red-purple in color, protruding, wire-haired and takes root at the nodes. The leaves are opposite and are more or less the same in pairs. Stipules are missing. The slender, slightly furrowed petiole is 0.6–2.1 (–5) cm long. It is protruding hairy to wire-haired. The simple and undivided, herbaceous leaf blade is oblong-ovoid to oblong-elliptical, 2-15 cm long and 1.5-9 cm wide. It has a pointed, rounded or heart-shaped, sometimes oblique base and is pointed to blunt at the front. The blade is usually clearly vesicular between the nerves. The rough-haired upper side is dark green to reddish green or green with red-purple spots and lighter green along the indented nerves. The hairy underside is usually colored red-purple, sometimes light green. The spreading edge is notched and serrated.
Generative characteristics
The zymous inflorescences are sessile or on a thin, up to 1 cm long, hairy stalk in the leaf axils and consist of 1–6 flowers . The linear-spatulate, spatulate to lanceolate bracts are up to 10 mm long, the thin, hairy pedicels 8–25 mm long.
The striking, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and not resupinated . The short flower cup consists of the fused basal parts of the calyx , crown and stamens . The five green to reddish purple sepals are free or very briefly fused together. The spatulate, elongated or lanceolate calyx lobes have entire margins or serrated, hairy and pointed at the front and slightly curved back. The four front calyx lobes are (5–) 8–11 (–18) mm long and (1–) 2–3 mm wide, the rear calyx lobes bend around the spur of the corolla and are somewhat shorter and narrower. The base of the salver-plate-shaped crown has a clear, approximately 5 mm long, rounded spur and is inserted obliquely to horizontally into the calyx. The 20–35 mm long corolla tube is 4–7 mm wide at the base and gradually widens towards the laterally compressed throat. The flatly spread out coronet, which attaches obliquely to the corolla tube, is indistinctly two-lipped to almost radial symmetry and has a diameter of 20 to 40 mm. The five rounded corolla lobes are 15-20 mm long, 13-16 mm wide and serrate at the front. The crown is white to light purple on the outside, white, light blue to purple on the coronet and yellow inside in the throat. The crown is hairy on the outside. In the area of the throat, inside the corolla tube, there is a ring of tiny, translucent papillae , which continues down to the lower part of the two upper corolla lobes. The four stamens hidden in the corolla tube are each pair of different lengths. They have grown to the base of the crown over a length of up to 5 mm. In addition, the bare stamens are still fused together a short distance before they separate from each other. The filaments are almost straight at first and curl up after the pollen has been poured out . The elongated, bare anthers are 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. They are first connected in pairs, then separate from each other and open lengthways with a slit. The disc consists of a single nectar gland , which is located dorsally, i.e. on the rear side, at the base of the upper ovary . This is about 1 mm long, edged, colored yellow and bare. The single ovary consists of two carpels . It is 3–5 mm long, has a conical tip and is hairy. The simple stylus is hidden in the corolla tube and reaches its mouth fully developed. It is curved and almost bald. The heady scar is bilobed. In the ovary there are numerous ovules on the two parietal placentas .
The fruits are fleshy, two-lobed capsules . These are spherical, have a diameter of about 8 mm and are hairy. The numerous ellipsoidal, about 0.5 mm long seeds are reddish brown, diagonally striped and shiny. The seeds contain endosperm .
The species can flower and bear fruit for most of the year.
Chromosomes
Episcia lilacina has a diploid set of chromosomes with 2n = 18.
distribution
The closed distribution area of Episcia lilacina extends from northern Nicaragua to the northwest of Colombia ( Chocó , Antioquia ). It avoids the relatively dry areas in western Nicaragua and in the lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica . In Panama , the species occurs primarily on the Caribbean slope with high levels of precipitation . Far away from the main area, there is an isolated occurrence in the lowlands in the northeast of the Mexican state Chiapas , not far from the border with Guatemala , which was only discovered in 2011. It is a botanically poorly studied region.
Taxonomy
Episcia lilacina in 1865 by the German botanists John of Hanstein based on one collection contained the German Botanikers Hermann Wendland described . The type locality is on the river Río Sarapiquí ("Serepigni") at the northern foot of the Cordillera Central in Costa Rica. Episcia acaulis Donn.Sm. , Episcia chontalensis ( Seem. ) Hook. f. (= Cyrtodeira chontalensis Seem. ) And Episcia fendleriana Kuntze are synonyms .
swell
- R. Kriebel: Gesneriaceae. In: BE Hammel, MH Grayum, C. Herrera, N. Zamora (eds.): Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V: Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae – Gunneraceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-935641-01-8 , pp. 844-930.
- LE Skog: Family 175. Gesneriaceae. In: RE Woodson, RW Schery (Ed.): Flora of Panama. Part IX. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Volume 65, 1978, pp. 783-996. (on-line)
- LE Skog: Gesneriaceae Dumort. In: WD Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool, OM Montiel (eds.): Flora de Nicaragua. Vol. 2: Angiospermas (Fabaceae-Oxalidaceae). (= Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-95-9 . ( Episcia lilacina - online )
Individual evidence
- ^ LE Skog: Family 175. Gesneriaceae. In: RE Woodson, RW Schery (Ed.): Flora of Panama. Part IX. (= Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 65). 1978, p. 921. (online) .
- ↑ Episcia lilacina , Herbarium evidence at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 7, 2013.
- ↑ A. Ramírez-Roa, E. Martínez: Chrysothemis y Episcia (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae: Episcieae), registros nuevos para la flora nativa de México. In: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. Volume 82, 2011, pp. 762-766. (Abstract)
- ↑ J. Hanstein: The Gesneraceae the Royal Herbarium and gardens in Berlin, together with monographic survey of the family as a whole. Section II. Genera and species. Third piece. The Eugesnereen, Rhytidophylleen and Beslerieen. In: Linnaea. 34, 1865 1865, pp. 225-462. (on-line)
