It, it, it and it, it's a hard ending
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Es, es, es and it is one of the most famous journeyman's songs that was sung by the wandering boys in the 19th century. Today it is sung mainly in folk and hiking circles and by members of the few shafts still in existence (associations of builders), occasionally in schools and by choirs.
origin
Traces of the song can be traced back to the middle of the 18th century. The earliest known testimony to the incipit "Oh oh oh all too strict [end]" is the notebook started in 1753 by Johann Jacob Hebel, Johann Peter Hebel 's father , which lists the beginnings of around three hundred folk songs. Complete text versions - according to research by the German Folksong Archive, Freiburg - appear anonymously for the first time on leaflets at the turn of the 19th century. According to a large number of songbooks, the first publication of the melody is given as 1826 or 1838. The first print with the 6 stanzas still known today is documented in 1838 in: Erk / Irmer; The German folk songs with their ways of singing .
song lyrics
The following original text - numbered 1.a etc. - (the spelling at that time was retained) comes from the German song library by Erk - Böhme . The texts marked with b or c are taken from various collections of songs,
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* Hostess father, landlord; ** billed twice; *** Name for young, unmarried women, **** work colleagues.
To the song
While the older version “Oh, oh, oh and oh, oh like a hard ending / if, if, if, if you have to go from Breslau, / I knock Breslau out of my mind / and turn to Leipzig, / should that is a farewell song in my heart / doesn't hurt? ”The song (only verses 1a to 7a are commented on here) with its criticism of the treatment of the journeyman shows“ an oppositional form ”. It is the time in which many guild regulations stipulated that newly qualified journeyman craftsmen had to wander around for two to four years (often three years and one day), to go “on the rolling” in order to look for new jobs. The master, with whom they had done their apprenticeship, could not take them over without further ado, since his guild dictated how many journeymen he could employ. But even after these years of traveling , the journeymen were not always or not immediately admitted to the master's examination. The guilds in the cities and towns made sure that the number of masters per craft remained limited. Sometimes “a job had to be vacated” first; then a journeyman married the widow of the deceased master or the daughter of the retired master. The fully trained journeymen were welcomed by the masters who the wanderers asked for work. They were able to work independently and usually received a lower wage than a master (cf. the variant of the Zupfgeigenhansel group “I do not like his work and his wages.” In this way, the journeyman journeymen were exploited by their masters and often in other ways (“Your bacon and cabbage, I don't like that”, see 3rd verse, hearty 3rd a) treated badly. It remains to be seen whether the “farewell” he wishes the master and wife is meant ironically or just But the singer knows how to differentiate: he likes to remember the maidens, wishes them farewell without malice, even asks his brothers (colleagues) if he "harmed them" (in a brawl or through - frankforter - Bees Wotte = bad words), for your pardon. Overall, however, his criticism of the adversity outweighs it. Therefore, it is not surprising that the wanderer is basically happy to leave his place of work; he does not know what he is n expected at the next master, but he is confident that he “wants to try his luck, march”.
reception
It, it, it, and it, it's a hard ending has appeared in numerous songbooks and on some phonograms (including scores). Certainly, the popularity of a song cannot be determined by the number of publications or the distribution of songbooks and sound carriers alone, but they can give certain information about its reception, although this does not provide any information about the frequency of singing or listening. Another indicator of the popularity of a song, especially with a catchy melody, is in repetitions and parodies. As early as 1845, Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote an emigrant song in his Texan songs , the first verse of which reads as follows: Out, out, out and out, / I have to get out of Germany: / I knock Germany out of my mind / And wander now to Texas. / I want to try my luck, march . And in 1848 Adolf Glaßbrenner followed with the parody Oh, oh, oh and oh, / How nice it used to be / Before, before, before and before / Three, four hundred years ago! / My ancestor looted around / As if his best were; / Now you're about to be caught. Hung!
To 1900
The journeymen who were subject to the guild rules were obliged to wander from master to master for a few years. The circumstances that are criticized in the song were therefore known to many wanderers. It can therefore be assumed that the song was sung before the melody was first printed in 1838. The variants “… that I have to come from Frankfurt /… Berlin /… Breslau /… Hamburg /… Hanover /… Nuremberg /… Stuttgart” also indicate that the song was known and sung throughout Germany, as were numerous publications Folksong books, e.g. B. in the Silesian folk songs published by Hoffmann von Fallersleben in 1842 or in Des Knaben Liederschatz , the eighth edition of which was published in 1887. In addition, in 1847 there was the widespread booklet Old and New Folksongs with drawings by Ludwig Richter, edited by Adolf Eduard Marschner . And although the song was still passed down orally in circles of traveling journeyman, in 1859 the craftsmen's association in Potsdam published its own songbook for travelers. The song was not only popular with the students - the Schauenburgs Allgemeine Commersbuch (1888) and Vivat Academia (third edition 1889) included the song in their canon, but also in bourgeois circles, such as B. Loreley - song book for cozy circles (1897) and the well-known German song library show.
1900 to 1933
The song reached its peak in reception in the youth movement; Until 1914 alone, numerous song books included the song in their collections. From the migratory birds , z. B. Wandervogel-Liederbuch (1911) to the students (the general German Kommersbuch, which was also popular in Bundischen circles, appeared in 1914 in the 101 to 110th edition), from worker gymnasts ( Frei Heil - song book of the gymnastics club Fichte , 3rd edition 1908), and the traveling journeymen ( Der Gesellenfreund , 1913) to (free) hikers ( Jungbrunnen - Deutsche Wanderlieder , 1900) and the journeymen ( Fahrender Gesellen Liederborn , 1910) the song was sung.
Also via the song book Zupfgeigenhansl , expanded in 1911 and published in its 150th edition with a total of 826,000 copies in 1927, “the song spread like wildfire over Germany”.
The heyday continued until 1933 with a considerable number of other song collections; Added to this was the inclusion in school books (German song book - Leipzig school song book for simple and high school conditions, 1915; song book for the higher girls' schools, 1920), and in song books of denominational communities ( youth song treasure of the Catholic youth clubs , 1918; Now sing and be happy - Bible Study Group Songbook , 1920). It was also sung in German national, ( German-national song book , 1921) patriotic and soldier groups ( O, Germany, in high honor - The most popular soldiers' songs, 2nd edition 1915) and it was still sung by journeymen who were still wandering.
As in the Zupfgeigenhansl , stanzas 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 were usually included in the songbooks, sometimes - but not in the school songbooks and denominational song collections - also stanza 6.a with the "maidens". The 4th verse, which sings about the food of the “maid cook”, was regularly missing.
1933 to 1945
The heyday of the song continued after 1933. The apparently apolitical song, which describes the grievances of the previous century, has a catchy melody that is easy to march to, was gladly included in their repertoire by the National Socialists . Right at the beginning of the Nazi regime , the song found its way into Nazi song collections. B. in the song books for the Hitler Youth Uns does not go down (1934), in the song sheets of the HJ - special edition for the young girls and in the labor service ( Die Fahne hoch , 1934) as well as in the second edition of Singing we want to march .
From 1935 the song was included in numerous school books and song books published by the Nazi teachers ' association; on the other hand, in comparison to other folk and traveling songs, it is not to be found in song collections of the Wehrmacht .
Until 1937, some songbooks that were not published by Nazi publishers were still able to appear, especially the Zupfgeigenhansl (edition over 1 million by 1936), Der Musikant (publisher: Fritz Jöde ) and the Bundisch-oriented Sankt Georg (2nd edition 1935).
From 1945
Already towards the end of the Second World War the song appeared in the songbook for the German refugees in Denmark and in Das kleine Kanonbuch ( Aid for Prisoners of War of the World Federation of the Christian Association of Young Men in England, no year old ). In the FRG it was included in numerous books of utility, school and choir songs, e.g. B. Where we find each other - 27 old folk songs (1946), music for school (1947), Singing sounding world (no year old , around 1950) as well as in some song books in the GDR , e.g. B. 50 children's and folk songs (Schwerin, Leipzig 1950) or My songbook - German folk songs from 4 centuries (Leipzig 1966).
In the 1960s and 1970s - it is the time of the folk revival - the song, although it is not represented in the mouth organ , the songbook with the highest circulation after the Second World War , achieved a popularity as in the times of the youth and singing movement. There is hardly a group influenced by the youth movement or a denomination-oriented group that did not include the song in their repertoire. It is just as popular in circles of student associations, sports youth and socialist youth as it is with the Maltese and reform youth .
From 1975 the popularity declined; it is seldom sung in schools too. After all, the song still appears in 1975 in one of the most beautiful song collections illustrated by Tomi Ungerer , The Great German Song Book - 204 German folk songs and children's songs (Zurich 1975) and in 1980 in the second edition of the popular song cart . The re-established or newly established shafts also take up the song, e.g. B. in: The 30 most famous songs for people from construction, which are sung at topping-out ceremonies (1980). In 2013 it is represented in the Wandervogel song book and in the Free Encounter Shaft collection .
Compared to other folk songs, e.g. B. In the morning dew to the mountains , goodbye to good night , May has come or winter goodbye is It, it, it and it, it is a hard ending only represented on a few sound carriers. Nevertheless, Heino has with his long-playing records and compact cassettes Sing mit Heino, episodes 13 and 14 - songs from old German cities, South (1973 and 1979 as widespread HörZu editions) as well as with his CD Sing mit Heino, No. 4 (2003) helped the song retain some of its popularity. In folk circles, the song was rediscovered in the mid-1980s: the group Zupfgeigenhansel played it at folk festivals and on their concert tours and recorded it on their LPs Volkslieder 1 (1976) and Volkslieder aus Drei centuries (1978). This was followed by recordings by EMI and CBS with various choirs The most beautiful German folk songs and Our beautiful Germany (1980 and 1985) and Jochen Wiegandt with the group Lilienthal, Hold together . The German Music Archive , to which a copy of each sound carrier must be sent, has only identified three other - less common - sound carriers with the song since 1991.
literature
- Wolfgang Steinitz : German folk songs of a democratic character from six centuries ("Der Grosse Steinitz"). Volume I and Volume II reprinted and bound together. deb, publisher of the European book, West Berlin, special edition for two thousand and one, 4th edition 1980, ISBN 3-88436-101-5 .
- The large song book 204 German folk and children's songs from the 14th to 20th centuries with original notes and text. Selected by Anne Diekmann and illustrated with over 150 watercolors by Tomi Ungerer . Diogenes, Zurich 1975, ISBN 3-257-00947-X .
- Silesian folk songs with their melodies . Collected from the mouths of the people and edited by Hoffmann von Fallersleben and Ernst Heinrich Leopold Richter , Leipzig 1842, no. 207, p. 243 f. ( Digitized in the Google book search).
Web links
- Tobias Widmaier: It, it, it and it, it's a hard ending (2009). In: Popular and Traditional Songs. Historical-critical song lexicon of the German Folk Song Archive
- It, it, it and it, it's a hard ending Jochen Wiegandt with the Lilienthal group on YouTube
- 5 stanzas and a (hearty) additional stanza on ingeb.org
- Es, es, es and es, it's a hard ending group Zupfgeigenhansel with text variants on YouTube
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Georg Nagel: I want to try my luck. In: Deutsche Lieder, Bamberger Anthologie, October 28, 2013, accessed on November 17, 2013.
- ↑ Uli Däster: Johann Peter Hebel in personal testimonies and photo documents . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1973, pp. 10-11. Here to hausen.pcom.de . See also: Ludwig Erk: Deutscher Liederhort , Berlin 1856, No. 186a, p. 392 ( digitized in the Google book search).
- ↑ Tobias Widmaier: Es, es, es and es, it's a hard ending (2009). In: Popular and Traditional Songs. Historical-critical song lexicon of the German Folk Song Archive
- ↑ Es, es, es and es, it's a hard ending , database entries at deutscheslied.com
- ↑ Ludwig Erk, Wilhelm Irmer (Hrsg.): The German folk songs with their ways of singing . Second issue. Plahn'sche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1838, No. 66, p. 64 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Ludwig Erk , Franz Magnus Böhme : German song library . Volume III. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1894, No. 1592, p. 417 f. ( Digitized version )
- ↑ 1.b, 3.b, 6.b, 7.b from: Silesian folk songs with their melodies . Collected from the mouths of the people and edited by Hoffmann von Fallersleben and Ernst Heinrich Leopold Richter , Leipzig 1842, No. 207, p. 243 ( digitized in the Google book search), (there in a different order); 1.c and 2.c from the CD by Jochen Wiegandt and Lilienthal, Always hold together - songs of the journeymen and the workers' movement and 7.c from Ewald Kloodt, the 30 most famous craft songs that are sung at topping-out ceremonies (Hamburg-Bergedorf 1980) , there as the 9th stanza, from the Hubertus Schendel archive.
- ↑ Tobias Widmaier: Es, es, es and es, it's a hard ending (2009). In: Popular and Traditional Songs. Historical-critical song lexicon of the German Folk Song Archive , s. there also other text variants
- ^ Wolfgang Steinitz: German folk songs of a democratic character from six centuries. P. 202 f.
- ↑ Although the importance of guilds in the Napoleonic-dominated German countries became less important, the guild rules were reintroduced after the wars of liberation . Only with the implementation of the freedom of trade in 1869 in the North German Confederation and in 1871 in the German Empire were the guild regulations finally repealed.
- ↑ Texan Songs, 1846, No. 20; quoted from: Volksliederarchiv. German folk songs - songs, rhymes and background information on the German folk song on volksliederarchiv.de The full text can be found at: Raus raus raus und raus (Goodbye Germany)
- ↑ For the full text, see Oh oh and oh
- ↑ s: General German Kommersbuch: 214 # 472 . The 34th edition of the book was published in 1889 as the Allgemeine Deutsches Kommersbuch , published by Friedrich Silcher and Ludwig Erk, Verlag Moritz Schauenburg, Lahr. It is therefore also known as the Lahrer Kommersbuch .
- ↑ 1893/94 expanded and revised as Deutscher Liederhort: Selection of the excellent German folk songs from the past and present with their peculiar melodies , edited by Ludwig Erk and Franz Magnus Böhme, 3rd volume
- ^ Heinrich Lemacher : Journeyman Songbook. Publishing house of the Catholic Journeyman's Association, Cologne from 1924; Mafell Maschinenfabrik: The singing Mafelleisen . “Die Werbeschmiede” Schmitz, Pannes, Hanus, Düsseldorf undated [from 1960?], 2006 edition as PDF 2.52 MB ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ It it it and it