Etzel (Friedeburg)
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Etzel
Municipality Friedeburg
Coordinates: 53 ° 28 ′ 3 ″ N , 7 ° 54 ′ 14 ″ E
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| Height : | 4 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 15.53 km² |
| Residents : | 800 |
| Population density : | 52 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | August 16, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 26446 |
| Area code : | 04465 |
Etzel is a village in the municipality of Friedeburg in the Wittmund district in East Frisia . It has an area of 1,553 hectares and about 800 inhabitants. The districts of Hohejohls, Moorstrich, Münsterland, Pumperhörn, Riepen and Stapelstein belong to the village .
Place name
The place name Etzel is possibly composed of the old Frisian words êtze with the meaning "oak" and lâ with the meaning "forest", so it would mean "oak forest". Another interpretation is based on the meaning of Etzel as a short form of names with "Adal". The place was mentioned for the first time in 1134 in a document from Archbishop Adalbert von Bremen as Ezele , which makes the alternative name interpretation possible.
geology
Etzel lies on a foothill of the Oldenburg-East Frisian Geestrücken at a height of up to eight meters above sea level . Originally surrounded high- and low-Moore , the Geest, sometimes that was enough Black Brack right up to Etzel.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the area around Etzel was also called “East Frisian Switzerland” because of its gravel dunes , but these elevations have disappeared due to the gravel mining and give way to gravel pits - artificial lakes.
Under Etzel lies a large salt dome that has been used to store crude oil and natural gas since 1970 . Around 40 caverns were washed out at a depth of 1,000 to 1,600 meters. The Etzel cavern facility is now one of the largest storage facilities for crude oil and natural gas in the world. Many of the caverns are developed and managed by IVG Immobilien AG, but are owned or leased by the large German energy groups .
The plans to use the caverns for storing toxic waste , which became known in 1987 , were prevented by public protests .
At the beginning of 2012, a total of 99 caverns had been approved for solution by the State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology . Of these, 52 caverns are in operation. The operator IVG Caverns is currently preparing an application to create a total of 144 caverns. Protests by residents are directed against this, as a ground subsidence of 2.30 meters in the center was forecast for 99 caverns alone by 2060. The predicted subsidence of the ground will lead to waterlogging in this area, which can only be remedied by pumping stations. In this context, the question of the ability to prove possible damage to buildings due to the predicted subsidence of the ground is viewed critically, since the burden of proof is not yet reversed in the area of cavern construction, unlike mining. Accordingly, the injured party has to prove that the damage that occurred was caused by the construction of the cavern.
history
The Stapelstein , a well-preserved prehistoric grave complex , dates from the Neolithic Age in the village of the same name . In the years 1817 and 1861, bog bodies were discovered in Hilgenmoor at the age of about 2000 years.
The first church building in the village was probably a wooden church from the 11th century. Today's St. Martinus Church probably dates from the first half of the 13th century.
In the Middle Ages Etzel belonged to the Frisian country Östringen . In the late Middle Ages, Etzel was the chief's seat with a so-called stone house as a fortification. Chief Ine Widdeken destroyed several churches in the surrounding area on raids and was held accountable and slain in 1385.
Chief Inneke Widdeken, together with the Etzel parish, submitted to the Counts of Oldenburg in 1436 , but as early as 1486 the Oldenburgs renounced Etzel in favor of the now-established East Frisia county. Etzel belonged to the old Friedeburg office, which in 1859 was attached to the Wittmund office that emerged from the Harlingerland . In 1885 the district of Wittmund was created.
After the Second World War, around 20 percent of Etzel's residents were refugees.
On July 1, 1972, the former communities Abickhafe , Dose , Hoheesche and Reepsholt merged to form the community Reepsholt. In the course of the municipal reform on August 16, 1972, the municipality Friedeburg was formed from the previous municipalities Bentstreek , Etzel, Friedeburg, Hesel , Horsten , Marx , Reepsholt, Wiesede and Wiesedermeer .
In addition to the church, two more Gulf courtyards are listed as architectural monuments .
In November 2013, a valve that was not completely closed above the underground oil storage facility at Etzel triggered an oil spill. The State Office for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG) announced that the amount of oil leaked and the extent of possible environmental damage was still unclear. The Aurich public prosecutor's office started an investigation.
Attractions
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The St. Martinus Church was built in 1240 as a Romanesque hall church. The lower part consists of granite blocks and the upper part of bricks. The church originally had an east apse , as can be seen from the arch on the outer east wall. The church has a free-standing bell tower in the southwest , which dates from 1660. It is also designed as a gate tower and is the entrance to the church and cemetery grounds. Worth seeing in the church are the elaborately designed altarpiece , which may have been created by Hinrich Cröpelin , the pulpit with the four evangelists in the fields and the Janssen organ , of which only the historical prospectus from 1864 has survived.
Personalities
- Albertus Seba , scientist and pharmacist, was born in Etzel in 1665 and died in Amsterdam in 1736 .
literature
- Hannelore Reents: Etzel, Friedeburg community, Wittmund district ( online ; PDF file; 664 kB)
Web links
- Friedeburg, Etzel village
Individual evidence
- ↑ Etzel Cavern Storage - Present and Future , accessed on March 8, 2012
- ↑ Radio Bremen: Justified fears or justified hopes when storing energy sources in caverns? , accessed March 8, 2012
- ↑ Wilhelmshavener Zeitung: Reversal of the burden of proof for the construction of caverns should be anchored in mining law , accessed on March 8, 2012
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 264 and 265 .
- ↑ Etzel: Oil-smeared birds discovered ( Memento from April 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Leak in the underground storage facility: Oil masses pollute rivers in East Frisia. In: Spiegel Online . November 18, 2013, accessed June 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide Ostfriesland . Verlag Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz , Bonn 2010, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 354 .
