Eucalyptus robusta
| Eucalyptus robusta | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eucalyptus robusta |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Eucalyptus robusta | ||||||||||||
| Sm. |
Eucalyptus robusta is a species ofthe myrtle family (Myrtaceae). It occurs only on the east coast of New South Wales and southern Queensland and is called "Swamp Mahagony" or "Swamp Messmate" there.
description
Appearance and leaf
Eucalyptus robusta grows as a tree that can reach heights of up to 25 meters. The bark remains on the entire tree, is red-brown, short-grained, thick and spongy.
In Eucalyptus robusta is Heterophyllie ago. The leaves on young specimens are ovate and glossy green. The glossy dark green leaves on adult specimens with differently colored upper and lower sides are 10 to 17 cm long and 2.0 to 4.5 cm wide, lanceolate and pinnate.
Inflorescence and flower
On a cross-section wide and flat, 13 to 30 mm long inflorescence stem, there are approximately nine to fifteen-flowered partial inflorescences in compound total inflorescences . The peduncle is 1 to 9 mm long. The spindle-shaped flower buds are 16 to 24 mm long and 6 to 8 mm in diameter. The calyptra is elongated-pointed or beak-shaped, as long and as wide as the flower cup (hypanthium). The flowers are creamy white.
The flowering period extends from May to July.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit is cylindrical with a length of 10 to 18 mm and a diameter of 6 to 11 mm. The disc is indented, the fruit fans are at the level of the edge or slightly protruding and are usually connected at the tips. The fruit ripens from May to October.
The seed is pyramidal and brown. The hilum is at the top.
ecology
Eucalyptus robusta can live at least 200 years. After forest fires , it regenerates from “ sleeping buds ” in the trunk. The gray-headed fruit bat feeds on its flowers and the koala on its leaves. Eucalyptus robusta appears as one of the most important species of eucalyptus for the koalas in the Noosa Shire in Queensland. The leaves of the hybrid Eucalyptus robusta x Eucalyptus tereticornis also serve as food for the koala. The musk lory feeds on the flower nectar.
Eucalyptus robusta is one of the most important species of eucalyptus in the central New South Wales coastline and in the Illawarra region, where it is one of the few species that bloom reliably in winter. The number of their locations was greatly reduced by clearing. A few solitary specimens in Robson Park in Haberfield, a suburb of Sydney , are the last remnants of the "Sydney Coastal Estuary Swamp Forest Complex" in the western suburbs of the city.
Occurrence
Eucalyptus robusta grows in swamps or on the banks of estuaries in a narrow strip along the east coast of Australia between Rockhampton in Queensland and Jervis Bay in New South Wales, more rarely on the lower slopes of river valleys. The species is also found on offshore islands such as Great Keppel Island , Moreton Island , North Stradbroke Island, and South Stradbroke Island . The trees often grow on heavy clay soils, but - especially on the islands - also on sandy loam or sandy soils .
Eucalyptus robusta grows in light forests, often in monoculture . Sometimes it is also found together with Eucalyptus resinifera , Corymbia gummifera , Corymbia intermedia and Casuarina glauca , more rarely with Eucalyptus tereticornis . Melaleuca ericifolia is also often found in its vicinity .
Taxonomy
.jpg)
The first herbarium specimens of Eucalyptus robusta were collected by John White , First Fleet expedition doctor and naturalist. James Edward Smith carried out the first publication in 1793 in his work Zoology and Botany of New Holland , created together with George Shaw . In 1795 the work was reissued under the title A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland , it contains Eucalyptus robusta in Volume 4 on page 39. The specific epithet robusta is taken from Latin and indicates the robust structure of the adult tree.
Synonyms for Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Are Eucalyptus robusta var. Bivalva Blakely, Eucalyptus robusta var. Bivalvis (Blakely) Blakely, Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Var. Robusta , Eucalyptus multiflora Poir., Eucalyptus multiflora Poir. var. multiflora , Eucalyptus multiflora var. bivalva Blakely and Eucalyptus multiflora var. bivalvis Blakely.
Eucalyptus robusta is where it with Eucalyptus tereticornis socialized frequently, is a hybrid that the name Eucalyptus patentinervis received RTBaker. Other, less common hybrids are known.
use
Eucalyptus robusta is easy to cultivate, but often becomes too large for private gardens. It was often planted as a street tree and is particularly useful on public areas with damp soils. The tree can grow very quickly and blooms profusely. In optimal conditions, Eucalyptus robusta can bloom as early as the third year after planting. Their flowers attract birds. In a few years, their leaves will be attacked by webs and then do not look beautiful. A number of Eucalyptus robusta were planted in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney in 1813 and are still in good health today.
In 2005, a cultivated form called Eucalyptus robusta 'Green and Gold' was offered in Australia . It is smaller than the natural form and only reaches a height of 5 to 8 meters.
Eucalyptus robusta was planted in plantations in many parts of the world, for example in Ethiopia , Argentina , Brazil , Chile , China , Costa Rica , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Fiji , Honduras , Hong Kong , India , Cameroon , Kenya , Colombia , Madagascar , Malawi , Malaysia , Mauritius , Mexico , Mozambique , Papua New Guinea , Paraguay , Philippines , Puerto Rico , Zanzibar , Sri Lanka , South Africa , Taiwan , Tanzania , Uganda and the USA . The tree was first planted in Florida around 1880, in Hawaii around 1885, and in Puerto Rico in 1929.
In many countries the wood of Eucalyptus robusta is used as firewood or for the production of charcoal. Eucalyptus robusta is often used to limit soil erosion , also on sand dunes, and to provide shade on roads. In Uganda it is also used to drain swamps. Eucalyptus robusta thrives at altitudes of up to 1,600 meters and in climates with annual mean temperatures of 3 to 35 ° C. The heartwood is extremely durable. It is used to build quays and fences. The wood is slightly reddish brown and coarsely grained. Its specific weight varies between 655 and 925 kg / m³.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Specimen search results: Eucalyptus robusta at Australia's Virtual Herbarium. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria . Retrieved January 18, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f g K. Hill: Eucalyptus robusta (Sm.) At New South Wales Flora Online . National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved January 18, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f DJ Boland et al .: Forest Trees of Australia . 4th edition. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood VIC 2006, ISBN 0-643-06969-0 , pp. 298 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b c d Doug Benson, Lyn McDougall: Ecology of Sydney plant species: Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae . In: Cunninghamia . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1998, pp. 926 (on the Internet [PDF; 765 kB ; accessed on January 18, 2013]).
- ↑ John Callaghan, Clive McAlpine, David Mitchell, Jane Thompson, Michiala Bowen, Jonathan Rhodes, Carol de Jong, Renee Domalewski & Alison Scott: Ranking and mapping koala habitat quality for conservation planning on the basis of indirect evidence of tree-species use: A case study of Noosa Shire, south-eastern Queensland. Wildlife Research 38-2. Pp. 89-102, accessed January 18, 2013.
- ^ Robin Dale Barker & Wilhelmus Jacobus Maria Vestjens: The Food of Australian Birds: (I) Non-passerines . Melbourne University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-643-05007-8 , pp. 347–481 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Ashfield Council: State of the Environment Report 2009–2010 (PDF; 247 kB) Ashfield Council. 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ↑ a b APNI = Australian Plant Name Index . Center for Plant Biodiversity Research. Australian Government. Retrieved January 18, 2013
- ^ A b Rodger W. Elliot, David L. Jones & Trevor Blake: Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Band. 4: Eu-Go . Lothian Press, Port Melbourne VIC 1992, ISBN 0-85091-213-X , pp. 198 .
- ↑ a b c World Agroforestry Center: Eucalyptus robusta . In: AgroForestryTree Database: A tree species reference and selection guide . PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia). Retrieved January 21, 2013.
- ↑ Don Burke: The Complete Burke's Backyard: The Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets . Murdoch Books, 2005, ISBN 1-74045-739-0 , pp. 338 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
