Evangelical Church on loan yesterday

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Southwest side of the church

The Evangelical Church in Leihgestern , a suburb of Linden in Gießen district in central Hesse , is a church hall in Art Nouveau style with a late Gothic tower from the first half of the 15th century or the early 16th century. The slated tower structure gets its characteristic shape from four small wich houses . The Elizabeth bell was cast in the first half of the 14th century. After a hurricane in 1906 destroyed the old church roof and interior, a new nave was built in 1908. The church shapes the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

Devastated nave after the hurricane in 1906
South-east side of the tower (15th century)
Old outside staircase (17th century)

In the 9th century, foundations are recorded in the mark loan yesterday to the Fulda monastery and to the Lorsch monastery . There were close relationships in the Middle Ages between the loan yesterday and the Schiffenberg Monastery , but no branch relationships. In 1237, after a dispute, which the abbot of Arnsburg monastery ended in an arbitration award, the monastery committed itself that monks would hold masses three times a week in the chapel on loan yesterday (“divina procurare”), and renounced the meadow “Rorehe” and the Income generated from the pasture area, which was intended for the performance of church services. The rest of the pastoral care was continued by Grossen-Linden . In 1258 the loan yesterday was at the Schiffenberg monastery and in 1532 at Großen-Linden. After the Teutonic Order on the Schiffenberg held two weekly masses to be sufficient in 1432, arbitrators before the Landgrave in Marburg Castle decided in favor of the loan stars.

In the 10th to 13th centuries, a Romanesque, rectangular chapel (16 × 8.5 meters) was built with small, arched windows and a crooked roof . The mighty east tower was added probably in the first half of the 15th century. This is also indicated by the bells from the 14th and 15th centuries, which could not have been hung in a roof turret above the old nave . In the course of the Reformation , loan yesterday in 1532 joined the Lutheran creed. This year, the community on loan yesterday demanded from the Teutonic Order the abolition of masses and the appointment of a Protestant preacher, which was granted. After a visitation in 1559, the “clumsy” clergyman was dismissed and Samuel Wollenhaupt von Waldkappel, schoolmaster and chaplain in Grossen-Linden, was obliged to give two sermons a week. For the casuals such as baptisms, weddings and funerals, the parishioners still had to make the way to Grossen-Linden. Grossen-Linden and the Landgrave resisted the parish's multiple requests for an independent pastor, which became loud from 1568. It was not until 1574 that the landgrave complied with the request, elevated the loan yesterday to an independent parish and received the right of patronage . Samuel Wollenhaupt von Waldkappel was the first Protestant pastor to work here from 1574 to 1599.

The nave was rebuilt in the 1550s. Since the end of the 16th century at the latest, the civil parish was required to build the church. The tower, which is considered to be “one of the most beautiful church towers in Upper Hesse”, was given its current spire with a new belfry between 1594 and 1597, and the choir chapel had its cross vault. Between 1692 and 1697, the interior was extensively redesigned. Circumferential galleries and an organ were installed above the triumphal arch, the previous flat ceiling was replaced by a wooden barrel vault and a covered staircase to the south pore was created on the outside. A first tower clock has been documented since 1680. In 1765 the missing west wall was rebuilt, in 1867 the south wall, which had been left with a growing gap in the building seam to the tower when a lightning strike in the tower on April 21, 1831 . However, further lightning strikes on August 10, 1868 and August 23, 1898 did not cause any major damage.

In 1905, Ludwig Hofmann , master builder of the Evangelical Church in Nassau , was commissioned to design a new church because the old nave no longer offered enough space. Initially, the bourgeois community refused to accept the planned costs of 75,000  marks for a new building. A hurricane on May 31, 1906 caused the church roof to collapse and largely destroyed the interior, so that the community decided to build a new building and the bourgeois community, forced by “force majeure”, was now positive about the plans. The demolition of the nave began on August 15, 1906. Construction began on March 18, 1907, the foundation stone was laid on May 9, 1907. The new church building was inaugurated on August 9, 1908 and financed by the political community. Church renovations took place in 1967 and from 2006 to 2009.

architecture

South pediment
Christ window in the west pediment

The nearly geostete rectangular hall church from quarry stone -masonry from Feldstein is west of the old choir tower grown in the Art Nouveau style. The western gable wall consists of Upper Hesse basalt . Compared to the previous building, the nave is widened to the north and even more to the south. The transept-like southern part appears like a side aisle through the built-in gallery. In accordance with the wishes of the community, the architect re-used the old external staircase of the south pore, which also leads to the first upper floor of the tower under half-timbering . The slightly curved west gable is Baroque, the southern transverse gable is Gothic.

The mighty, four-storey choir tower made of quarry stone masonry is closed off by a slated spire. The two storeys of the octagonal central tower taper towards the top and are connected by a curved monopitch roof. The helmet is flanked by four small corner towers, polygonal wich houses with hoods, and crowned by a tower button with a cross and a weathercock. A cornice divides the tower cuboid into two storeys each. The lower choir floor has a groin vault and tracery windows with noses and pointed arches coupled on the three free sides . The fact that the high vault was built into the tower at a later date can be seen from the staggered storeys that intersect the old tower windows. As a result, new, small rectangular windows with bevelled walls were broken into the tower. The tower measures 30 meters to the button, and more than 32 meters from the floor of the church to the weathercock. The wall thickness at the bottom is 1.4 meters, the square floor plan 9.15 × 9.15 meters.

The north side has four large round-arched stained glass windows , which Erhardt Klonk 1974 designed, as well as small in the timber ton twice three rectangular skylights that in small dormer windows are installed. A preserved round stained glass window from the old church is inserted in the western gable end, showing Christ with the open Bible, surrounded by wide tendrils. There are two small oval windows underneath and two round windows at the bottom. The church clock is in the top of the gable. A wooden porch made of half-timbered houses, which serves as the main western entrance, is characterized by an open arcade row and a slated top with a gable. In the lower area of ​​the south side there are two four rectangular windows in the south transept, which are enclosed inside by a large niche with segmental arches. Above that, in the two gable areas, there are three arched tracery windows, one large in the middle, which is flanked by two smaller ones. The late Gothic twin window has been preserved on the east side. The lead glass window was designed in 1961 based on a design by Rudolf Dieß.

A curved Art Nouveau gate to the right of the church gives access to the cemetery east of the church, which is surrounded by a walled enclosure. Old tombstones from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries are set up on the east side, including that of the first pastor Wollenhaupt († 1599). On the south side an obelisk commemorates the fallen of the two world wars.

Furnishing

Christ and James the Little on frescoes from the 16th century
Interior to the east
Art Nouveau altar

The interior is closed off by a wooden barrel vault. A pointed triumphal arch , which is embedded in a large pointed arch niche, enables passage from the nave into the choir tower. Possibly the pointed arch was created by elevating a Romanesque round arch. Diamond blocks are painted on its frame. On the coffered parapet on the south side, which comes from the previous building, there are twelve paintings with biblical scenes. Daniel Hisgen created the cycle in 1789, which originally consisted of around 30 paintings, of which a dozen were taken over for the new building after the church collapsed. The oil paintings on canvas have a size of 62 cm × 59 cm and depict six Old Testament scenes (Fall of Man, Noah's Ark, Noah's Sacrifice of Thanksgiving, Moses' calling, Moses receiving the tablets of the Law, Moses and the Brazen Serpent) and six New Testament scenes (Jesus and Zacchaeus , Last Supper, Jesus' prayer in the garden of Gethsemane, flagellation, carrying the cross, crucifixion). During the restoration in 2008, the local history researcher Heinz-Lothar Worm discovered 14 more damaged and unrestored panels in the tower, which were restored in the middle of the 19th century. They show two Old Testament scenes (creation of Eve, sacrifice of Isaac), nine New Testament scenes (Annunciation, Birth of Christ, Circumcision, Christ and Nicodemus, Transfiguration, Burial, Resurrection, Ascension, Pentecost) and three with the evangelists Matthew, Mark and Luke with theirs respective symbols. The west gallery, on which the organ is placed, is slightly raised compared to the south pore.

The late Gothic frescoes on the east wall and in the tower from the second half of the 16th century were rediscovered and uncovered in 1906. Between tendrils, life-size Christ giving blessing with the inscription “JESVS CHRISTVS WARER GOT VND MENSCH” and ten apostles are depicted; Judas Thaddäus and Judas Iscariot are missing. The upper tendril arch, which encloses a simple wooden cross, was added in 1908 in the old style. A red chalk drawing by the pulpit staircase, which was discovered in 1967 and shows a double-headed bird, probably dates back to 1237 and represents the coat of arms of the knights on loan yesterday. On the right of the triumphal arch, a painted memorial inscription on a panel with scrollwork and grimaces reminds of Dix Borck and an inscription on red sandstone at the staircase to the tower to Antonius Henkel, who both co-financed the new pastorate through donations and donations.

The altar area is raised by one step and covered with stone tiles with geometrically continuous ornaments. The Art Nouveau altar, which is made of brick and placed in the center of the triumphal arch, dates from the time the nave was built. The top of the sandstone slab is decorated with a band of ears of corn and vines in Upper Hesse scratch work. The altar cross and the two candlesticks were created by Ernst Riegel from Darmstadt in 1909. Two silver candlesticks and a silver cross were donated in 1958 for the wooden baptismal altar in the choir chapel, which comes from the previous church. To the left of the triumphal arch is the octagonal pulpit with a sound cover and curved pulpit staircase on an octagonal wooden base. The fields of the pulpit cage have profiled panels. The wrought-iron chandelier was designed by the Giessen company Gräfe based on a design by the church builder Ludwig Hofmann.

organ

Organ from 1908

The church had an organ in 1695 , which was placed in the previous building on the east side of the nave above the triumphal arch. The single-manual instrument had seven registers . After the organ was destroyed in 1906, Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau built a new work on the west gallery in the romantic style in 1908 . The organ cost 5980 Reichsmarks. In 1951 the instrument received an electric fan . Two thirds of the registers are in an eight-foot position and enable infinitely variable, orchestral sound dynamics. The oboe is designed as a labial register and is composed of two rows of pipes that are operated by a collective train. In the five-part prospectus , which is characterized by the two high side pipe fields with gable ends, the front pipes are mute dummies. The playing and stop action is pneumatic. The Kegelladen organ has 17 (18) stops, which are divided into two manuals and pedal .

I Manual C – f 3
Bourdon 16 ′
Principal 8th'
flute 8th'
Gamba 8th'
Dolce 8th'
Wooden violin 8th'
octave 4 ′
Mixture III-IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
II Manual C – f 3
Violin principal 8th'
Flauto Amabile 8th'
Quintatön 8th'
violin 8th'
Voix Celeste 8th'
Flauto Dolce 4 ′
oboe 8th'
(from Quintatön and violin)
Pedal C – d 1
Sub-bass 16 ′
Violonbass 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Super octave coupling: I / II Sup
    • Sub- octave coupling: I / II Sub
  • Playing aids : 3 fixed combinations (p, mf, tutti), automatic piano pedal

Bells

The church tower houses a triple bell. Originally the Elizabeth bell from the first half of the 14th century probably hung in a turret of the previous Romanesque building. The other two bells were cast by Johann Bruwiller for the east tower, which was probably built around 1450. Since the bells were classified as historically valuable, they escaped delivery to the armaments industry in both world wars.

No.
  		Casting year
  		Surname
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Height
(mm) 		Chime inscription
  		image
 
1 1452 Mary or parish bell 840 720 h 1 [Relief of the knight Georg]
sit aura pia dom rogat iste maria
[Relief of a standing figure of Mary]
est sua vox ba ba potens repeliere satan
[Relief of a holy image ]
s' benedictus
[on top of the cap:]
sub anno dni m ° cccc ° lii °
Marienglocke Evangelical Church Leihgestern.JPG
2 1300-1350 Elisabethen or Elfuhr bell 790 670 salve crux digna super omnia elisabeth santa pro nobis
pro erat verbum et verbum omnibus ora in principio
[relief of Elisabeth with a beggar]		 Our Father Bell and Elizabeth Bell Evangelical Church Leihgestern.JPG
3 1454 Our Father or school bell 580 510 [Crucifix and coin]
O rex glorie
[relief of a figure of Mary]
veni cum pace
[relief of a saint with book and flag]
Anno dni m ° cccc ° liiii °
Our Father Bell Evangelical Church Leihgestern.JPG

Parish

In 2015 the parish had around 3,100 members. She belongs to the Deanery of Gießen ( Propstei Oberhessen ) in the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . Between 1878 and 1890 loan yesterday was taken care of by Großen-Linden and Watzenborn. In 1986 a second parish office was established. The evangelical pastors have been consistently documented since the Reformation.

Epitaph for Samuel Wollenhaupt
  • 1574–1599: Samuel Wollenhaupt
  • 1599–1604: Johannes Wollenhaupt, son of Samuel Wollenhaupt
  • 1604–1639: Adam Willius (Will)
  • 1639–1644: Johann Balthasar Wagner
  • 1645–1690: Johann Daniel Stockhausen
  • 1690–1700: Georg Henrich Heel, 1689–1690 adjunct
  • 1700–1718: Johann Andreas Werner
  • 1718–1746: Conradus Valentinus (Velten), 1707–1718 adjunct
  • 1746–1751: Emmanuel Christian Stannarius, 1742–1746 adjunct
  • 1751–1757: Johann Justus Müller
  • 1757–1773: Heinrich Christoph Dornseiff
  • 1774–1814: Johann Heinrich Weichard
  • 1814–1821: Carl Weichard, son of Johann Heinrich Weichard
  • 1821–1831: Ludwig Römheld
  • 1831–1838: Bernhard Ferdinand Müller
  • 1839–1843: August Scriba
  • 1843–1854: Karl Wolf
  • 1854–1866: Wilhelm Wüst
  • 1867–1873: Eduard Eckstein
  • 1873–1878: August Zimmermann
  • 1890–1914: Karl Strack
  • 1914–1924: Ludwig Hainebach
  • 1924–1929: Karl Jäger
  • 1929–1930: Special Vicar Staubach
  • 1930–1946: Wilhelm Reusch
  • 1946–1975: Heinrich Schäfer
  • 1975–1976: Jörg Ohlemacher
  • 1977–1997: Walter Bujard
  • 1998–2015: Susanne Weide
  • since 2016 0: Edwin Tonn

Second pastorate:

  • 1986–1990: Andreas Rose
  • 1990–1995: Renate Dienst
  • 1995–1999: Christine Lohrum
  • 2001 : Mario Hesse-Keil00000
  • 2001-2005: Jan Spangenberg
  • 2005–2012: Imogen Kasemir-Arnold
  • 2013–2015: Johannes Cunradi
  • since 2015 0: Angelika Maschke

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 555.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt (= Hassia sacra. Volume 5). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, pp. 245–248.
  • Steffen Krieb: "... to be supplied with the food of the salutary divine word tomorrow." The fight for one's own parish. In: Hans Joachim Häuser (Ed.): 1200 years loan yesterday. 805-2005. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Gießen 2005, ISBN 3-924145-42-3 , pp. 78–86.
  • State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.), Karlheinz Lang (Ed.): Kirchstrasse 18. Ev. Church. In: Cultural monuments in Hessen. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , pp. 376-378.
  • Heinrich Schäfer: From Church History and Church Life. In: loan yesterday. A home book for the 1150th anniversary of the community Leihgestern. Verlag der Gemeinde Leihgestern, Leihgestern 1955, pp. 98–117.
  • Heinrich Schäfer, Hans Joachim Hauser (ed.): Leihgestern and his church. Loaned yesterday in 1984.
  • Hans Jochen Schmitt: The church in loan yesterday - an introduction. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. Linden 2008, pp. 20-35.
  • Ludwig Strack: Church history from loan yesterday. In: Contributions to the Hessian church history . Vol. 4, 1911, pp. 220-235.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part without Arnsburg. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 206–214.
  • Marie-Luise Westermann, parish council of the Evangelical parish in Großen-Linden: Romanesque Church in Großen-Linden . Evangelical parish, Fernwald-Steinbach 1998.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 114 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Kirche Leihgestern  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Schmitt: The church in loan yesterday. 2008, p. 32.
  2. ↑ a b c Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 114.
  3. ^ A b State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (arrangement): Kirchstrasse 18. Ev. Church. In: Cultural monuments in Hessen. 2010, pp. 376–378, here: pp. 377 f.
  4. ↑ a b loan yesterday. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 18, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Schäfer: From Church History and Church Life. 1955, p. 100.
  6. ↑ Alexander Jendorff: loan yesterday as part of the Hessian-Nassau community office Hüttenberg. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. Linden 2008, pp. 67-77, here: p. 74.
  7. ↑ Krieb: "... to be supplied with the food of the salutary divine word tomorrow." 2005, p. 79 f.
  8. ↑ Krieb: "... to be supplied with the food of the wholesome divine word tomorrow." 2005, p. 82.
  9. ↑ a b c Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 246.
  10. ↑ It is questionable that the entire tower was only erected during this process. So the dating based on the hall book from 1741 in: Dehio: Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 555.
  11. ↑ Schmitt: The Church in loan yesterday. 2008, p. 28.
  12. ↑ Schäfer: From Church History and Church Life. 1955, p. 108.
  13. ^ Hans Jochen Schmitt: preliminary drafts, building plan and structure. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. Linden 2008, pp. 48–53, here: p. 53.
  14. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 115.
  15. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 212
  16. ↑ Schmitt: The Church in loan yesterday. 2008, p. 30.
  17. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 211.
  18. ↑ a b Dehio: Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 555.
  19. ^ Heinrich Schäfer, Hans-Joachim Hauser: The stained glass window. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. Linden 2008, pp. 86–88, here: p. 87.
  20. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 210.
  21. ↑ Giessen General . of July 14, 2008: find of local historical significance , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  22. ↑ Lothar Worm: later found 14 heavily damaged and unrestored panels of the gallery painting. 2008, pp. 136-142.
  23. ^ Heinrich Schäfer: The wall paintings of the loan star church. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. Linden 2008, pp. 84–85, here: p. 85.
  24. ↑ Gießener Allgemeine from September 23, 2009: Paintings lovingly preserved , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  25. ↑ Krieb: "... to be supplied with the food of the wholesome divine Word tomorrow." 2005, p. 83.
  26. ↑ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (arrangement): Kirchstrasse 18. Ev. Church. In: Cultural monuments in Hessen. 2010, pp. 376–378, here: p. 377.
  27. ↑ Schäfer: From Church History and Church Life. 1955, p. 110.
  28. ^ Heinrich Schäfer, Hans-Joachim Hauser: Altar cross and candlesticks, baptismal and supper implements. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. 2008, pp. 90–92, here: p. 90.
  29. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (= contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.1. Part 1 (A – L)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 596.
  30. ^ Lothar Worm: The church organ - 100 years. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. Linden 2008, pp. 80–83, here: p. 83.
  31. ↑ Orgeldatabase: Organ on loan yesterday , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  32. ↑ Robert Schäfer: Hessian bell inscriptions (PDF file; 37.7 MB), in: Archives for Hessian history and antiquity. 15, 1884, pp. 475-544, here: p. 530.
  33. ↑ Hellmut Schliephake: Bell customer of the district of Wetzlar. In: Heimatkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lahntal e. V. 12th yearbook. 1989, ISSN  0722-1126 , pp. 5-150, here p. 138.
  34. ↑ Evangelical Church in and around Gießen: Evangelical Church Community on loan yesterday , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  35. ↑ Reinhard Damasky, Imogen Kasemir-Arnold u. a .: Loan yesterday and its pastors for the past 100 years. In: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Leihgestern (Ed.): 1908–2008. 100 years parish festival of the Evangelical Church on loan yesterday. 2008, pp. 94–97, here: p. 94.
  36. ↑ Schäfer: From Church History and Church Life. 1955, p. 105 f.

Coordinates: 50 ° 31 '39 "  N , 8 ° 40' 38"  E

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 27, 2014 .