Firmian (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Firmian

Firmian is a Tyrolean noble family with ancestral seat Formigar , which u. a. spawned several bishops.

history

The first historical mention of the name Formicaria (= anthill), later Formigar or Castello Firmiano , comes from the year 945 and refers to a forerunner of today 's Sigmundskron Castle . Emperor Konrad II handed it over to the Bishop of Trento in 1027. In the 12th century it was handed over to ministerials , who from then on called themselves von Firmian . Around 1473, the Prince of Tyrol , Duke Sigmund der Münzreich bought the castle, renamed it Sigmundskron Castle and had it expanded so that it could withstand firearms. Only relatively small remains of the old Formigar Castle have survived. Due to financial difficulties, Sigmund soon had to mortgage the castle again. As a result, the facility increasingly fell into disrepair.

In 1478 the Firmian received the Hereditary Marshal's Office of the Diocese of Trento . In 1480 Nikolaus Firmian had Firmian Castle built in Kronmetz ( Mezzocorona since 1902 ) in Trentino after he had married the heiress of the property; the castle is still owned by the Count Firmian. The Palazzo Firmian, built there in the 18th century, was sold in the 19th century.

In 1526 the family was raised to the baron status.

Leopoldskron Palace in Salzburg

Leopold Anton was elected Prince and Archbishop of Salzburg in 1727 . In 1731/32 he had over 20,000 Protestants expelled from the country ( Salzburg exiles ). In 1743 Leopold Mozart was accepted into his court orchestra. He and his brother Franz Alfons were granted the hereditary imperial count in 1728. The archbishop provided posts for all of his brother's sons. The nephews Leopold Ernst and Virgilius also became bishops, Franz Laktanz became chief steward and chamberlain in Salzburg and thus superior to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ; he was also known as a hobby portraitist and did many copperplate engravings. On the occasion of his wedding in 1735, his uncle, the archbishop, gave him Leopoldskron Castle , which was built in 1736–40 and which remained in the possession of the Counts of Firmian until 1828. His younger brother Karl Joseph became Governor General of Lombardy; he was the patron and friend of Johann Joachim Winckelmann and Angelika Kauffmann . Leopold Max (1766–1831) became Bishop of Lavant in 1800, Administrator of Salzburg in 1818 and Archbishop of Vienna in 1822.

Genealogy of the baronial-counts line

Leopold Anton (1679–1744), Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg
  • Georg Freiherr von Firmian († January 31, 1540 in St. Pauls ), Hereditary Marshal of the Bishopric of Trento, Governor of the Adige and Burgrave of Tyrol, married. with Katharina von Thun († 1521). His death shield hangs today in the parish church of St. Pauls
  • Franz Wilhelm Freiherr von Firmian (* 1636), married. with Maria Viktoria von Thun
    • Karl Joseph (1685–1715)
    • Leopold Anton Eleutherius Baron and Count von Firmian (1679–1744), Imperial Prince and Archbishop of Salzburg
    • Franz Alfons Georg Freiherr and (1728) Imperial Count of Firmian (* October 11, 1680, † 1748), married. with Barbara Elisabeth Countess von Thun-Hohenstein; eleven children, including
      • Leopold Ernst Graf von Firmian (1708–1783), Cardinal, Prince-Bishop of Seckau and Passau
      • Franz Laktanz Graf von Firmian (born January 29, 1709/1712 in Mezzocorona , Trentino , † March 6, 1786 in Nogaredo, Trentino), prince-archbishop's privy councilor, chief steward and chamberlain ; Artist, collector and patron, landlord of Schloss Leopoldskron , married. with Maximiliane Countess Lodron ; Children:
        • Leopold Anton (1737–1828), owner of Leopoldskron Palace , married. with Maria Aloysia Countess von Wolkenstein-Trostburg , with the children
          • Leopold (born October 11, 1760)
          • Karl Maria (born September 26, 1766, † February 22, 1822), kk Privy Councilor and real chamberlain, married. with Maria Anna Countess von Althann, née Countess von Martinitz
          • Maria Anna (born July 11, 1777), married. with Anton Maria Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg, Baron von Neuhaus (1775–1808)
          • Nothburga, m. with Major General Kaspar Graf von Lodron from the Lodron secondary school
        • Ernst (1743–1789)
        • Josepha (1745–1803), married. with Leopold Julius Felix Graf Arco (1752–1803)
      • Virgilius Augustin Maria Graf von Firmian (1714–1788), Provost of Salzburg , then Bishop of Lavant
      • Karl Joseph (1716–1782) or Karl Gotthard (1718–1782) Count von Firmian, statesman, Habsburg Governor General of Lombardy
        • Leopold Graf von Firmian (born September 26, 1786, † March 4, 1839), married. with Johanna von Steffenelli zu Prenterhof-Hohenmaur (Stefanelli von Hohenmauer-Brendtenhof)
          • Ludwig (* May 7, 1819, † October 30, 1888 in Kronmetz), Rittmeister a. D., married on August 4, 1849 Adele (born October 30, 1831), daughter of Stanislaus Ritter (Junosza) Piotrowski
            • Luise Johanne von und zu Firmian and Meggel (* July 21, 1850), married Baron Carl Gundaccar von Suttner (* 1842; † December 8, 1889) on November 11, 1871 , Secretary of State in the KuK Agriculture Ministry in Vienna
          • Pius Heinrich Graf von Firmian (born September 9, 1824, † August 24, 1869), married. with Emma Petrichevich-Horvath from Széplak
            • Johann Nepomuk Pius Anton Graf von und zu Firmian auf Kronmetz und Meggel (born June 9, 1864, † August 30, 1952), kuk Rear Admiral
              • Hilpold Hans Graf von Firmian, married. with Flora Bevilaqua
              • Hans Pius Eugen Graf von Firmian, married. with Eva Lutz
              • Georg Peter Graf von Firmian, married. with Gabrielle Schmidt von Zabierow
              • Johanna married Countess of Hardegg-Glatz (born May 17, 1912)
          • Johann Nepomuk Count of Firmian († March 22, 1883)
            • Lattanzio Nikolaus Graf von Firmian († July 11, 1946)
      • Elisabeth Gabriele (1722–1782), married to Sebastian Graf Fugger-Glött
      • Maria Theresia (1718–1789), married. with Franz Josef Freiherrn von Kuenburg (1716–1793), kk chamberlain

Other family members (unassigned):

  • Cardinal Leopold Ernst (1708–1783), Prince-Bishop of Passau

  • Franz Laktanz Graf Firmian (1709–1786), Chief Chamberlain

  • Karl Joseph (1716–1782), Governor General of Lombardy

  • Leopold Max (1766–1831), Archbishop of Vienna

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Counts of Firmian from 1749

Family coat of arms

The family coat of arms is described in three ways in terms of colors and division.

  1. Divided five times by red and silver, fallen silver moons or half rings in the red squares (Bayerischer Adel Volume 1, Plate 3). (I)
  2. Two silver bars in red accompanied by six (3, 2, 1) fallen silver moons (Grafenalmanach). (II)
  3. In silver two red bars accompanied by six (3,2,1) fallen red moons. (Tyrol) (III)

A red and silver box with gold buttons and black feathers appears as a jewel. The blankets are red and silver.

Count's coat of arms (1749)

Squared shield with a silver central shield in which a golden crown lies on a red cushion decorated with tassels of the same color at the corners. 1 and 4 divided transversely by red and silver six times. The red compartments are covered with six silver, 3, 2 and 1 crescent moons, thus turned under each other, so that the tips stand up on the silver compartments. 2 and 3 in blue a somewhat diagonally placed deer antlers of natural color and four ends, each of which is adorned with a gold star. The shield is covered by three crowned helmets. A cushion with four red tassels, nested nine times in silver and red, stands over the right helmet so upright that one of the tassels rises up on the crown, and each of the five silver chess pieces is covered with a golden rose. On the middle helmet lies the red cushion of the central shield with the crown, above which two outward-facing silver lance poles with flags divided by gold and red rise up and between which a right-looking, red, crowned dragon with a flapping tongue and spread wings grows. The left helmet bears the two simple, star-studded deer antlers of the 2nd and 3rd fields assembled. The helmet covers are red and silver on the right, blue and gold on the left.

literature

Web links

Commons : Firmian (noble family)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the article Franz Laktanz Graf von Firmian in the Salzburg Wiki.
  2. ↑ The genealogical classification of Archbishop Karl Leopold Maximilian Count von Firmian (son of Leopold Anton [1737–1828]?), Who was born in Trient on October 10, 1766? In correction of the birth dates given above by Leopold (* 1 1 . October 176 0 ) and Karl Maria (born September 26, 176 6 ) would be possible to equate the just mentioned Leopold and classification as a grandson of Franz Lactantius.
  3. ^ A b Friedrich Hausmann : The Counts of Ortenburg and their male ancestors, the Spanheimers in Carinthia, Saxony and Bavaria, as well as their subsidiary lines , in: Ostbairische Grenzmarken - Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte Kunst und Volkskunde, No. 36, Passau 1994, p .31
  4. ↑ ST. Pauls - Missian, Unterrein, Berg by Walburga Kössler in cooperation with the cultural department of the South Tyrolean provincial government and the municipality of Appiano. 2003
  5. ↑ On rootsweb the children Leopold (* October 11, 1760), Karl (* September 26, 1766, † February 22, 1822) and Maria (* July 11, 1777) are wrongly assigned as children to their grandfather Franz (Laktanz). This mistake is not committed on geneall.net ( "Leopold Anton, Graf von Firmian" ), but only the daughter Maria Anna (born July 11, 1777) is reported for Leopold Anton. This data is brought together here.
  6. ↑ seed after wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com
  7. ^ Georg Gaugusch : "Nobles in the directory of the deceased in Vienna from 1885" , in the journal of the society. "Adler", from vol. 21, issue 6, Vienna 2002 (Collegium res nobilis Austriae)
  8. ^ Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der Gräfliche Häuser, 65th year, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1892, p. 328
  9. ^ Federal Forest Research Institute Vienna. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Forestry Department: Centralblatt für das Complete Forstwesen, Volume 15, Österreichischer Agrarverlag 1889, p. 566
  10. ^ Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der Gräfliche Häuser, 65th year, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1892, p. 328
  11. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner: "The nobility of the Fürsteten Grafschaft Tirol", in J. Siebmacher's great Wappenbuch, Vol. IV, 1st section, Verlag Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1857. Name index and coats of arms p. 6, T 6
  12. ↑ Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: "German count houses of the present: in heraldic, historical and genealogical relation", 1st volume, AK, Verlag TO Weigel, Leipzig 1852, p. 166 f.