Heinrich Benedict

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Heinrich Benedikt (born December 30, 1886 in Vienna ; † December 26, 1981 ibid) was an Austrian lawyer and historian . He was a full professor for general history of modern times at the University of Vienna .

Life

Benedikt was born in 1886 as the son of the chemist Rudolf Benedikt (1852-1896), professor of chemistry at the Vienna University of Technology , and his wife Henriette, née. Goldschmidt, born in the 4th district of Vienna, Wieden . He comes from an upper class assimilated Jewish-Austrian family of manufacturers and wholesalers; he was the nephew of the liberal lawyer Edmund Benedikt and the poet Karl Emil Franzos . At the age of fourteen he converted to Protestantism in 1901 in line with his kinship , but was more inclined to Catholicism throughout his life .

In his early childhood he was tutored by a private tutor and made familiar with German-language literature. Benedikt first attended the Protestant elementary school on Karlsplatz in Vienna, then the academic high schools in Vienna and Salzburg (classmate of Georg Trakl ) and later the Reichenberger kk state high school in Bohemia, where the future historian Hermann Aubin was one of his school friends. After graduating from high school , he was a one-year volunteer in the artillery of the Joint Army . His garrison was Reichenberg, weapons exercises led the reserve lieutenant and others. a. after Łobzów (1909).

He studied - largely influenced by his uncle - law (Jus) at the University of Vienna and passed the second state examination. His academic teachers included u. a. the civil lawyer Josef Schey von Koromla . In 1910, the newly wed Benedikt became legal advisor to the cane sugar refinery in Lissa on the Elbe , which was owned by his father-in-law, Michael Benies . In 1911 he was at the Law and Political Science Faculty of the University of Vienna to Dr. jur. PhD.

During the First World War, the reserve officer called up for military service. He worked as horseback or traveling aide in the Registry Office of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of War under Colonel Oskar von Hranilovic-Cvetassin active in Vienna - this then went into the news department of the Imperial Army High Command , which in later Cieszyn in Austrian Silesia was located about. While he had been used exclusively in the news department from 1914 to 1916, when he was promoted to political advisor, he served briefly at the front in a mountain brigade during the Austro-Hungarian South Tyrol offensive in 1916 . Most recently he held the rank of first lieutenant in the reserve in the Imperial and Royal War press headquarters in Vienna . He was awarded the Bronze (1915) and the Silver Military Merit Medal with Swords (1916) and the Iron Cross (1915). Afterwards he was again active in industry and agriculture in Bohemia , Moravia and Austria - first historical publications appeared. From 1926 he studied history , ancient history and art history at the University of Vienna in 1930 was followed in Heinrich von Srbik , Professor of General History of modern times, and Alfred Francis Pribram , Professor of Medieval and Modern History, promotion to Dr. phil. His previously published treatise, The Kingdom of Naples and Emperor Charles VI. , was accepted as a dissertation. He also made numerous trips to Italy, occasionally he wrote articles for the Prague press , a German-language, left-wing bourgeois daily newspaper. Like Robert A. Kann and Friedrich Engel-Jánosi, he was shaped in the First Republic by the “lively and diverse cultural life” of the Austrian capital.

After the “Anschluss” of Austria , he emigrated to Great Britain from 1939 to 1946. Benedikt, who u. a. lived in London and Oxford , during this time worked as a bookseller and studied English history . He only returned to Vienna after the end of the war. His sister Alice († 1941 in what was then Litzmannstadt ( Łódź )) did not survive the Holocaust .

Hugo Hantsch , professor for general history of the modern age, led Benedict back to science. In 1947 he qualified as a professor for Austrian history with the work Franz Anton Graf von Sporck 1662–1738. On the cultural history of the Baroque period in Bohemia and became a private lecturer at the University of Vienna at the age of sixty . In 1950 he became associate professor , in 1955 he was given the title of full professor (tit. O. Prof.) for general history of the modern age and thus headed the second chair , which had previously been represented by Paul Müller . In 1958 he was retired; his successor was Friedrich Engel-Jánosi .

As early as 1948/49 he was a freelancer for the Vienna daily newspaper , which is close to the ÖVP ; his successor was the orientalist Herbert W. Duda .

Benedict, who was more of a “ conservative mindset”, was considered to be turned towards historicism . He was u. a. Member of the legal history examination commission (for lawyers), corresponding member of the Vienna Catholic Academy and member of the commission for the modern history of Austria . From 1953 to 1969, Benedikt published numerous articles in the Neue Deutsche Biographie . His volume History of the Republic of Austria , published in 1954, is regarded as a standard work .

Benedikt was married several times and the father of several children. His first marriage was to Eveline, a member of the Benies sugar dynasty . His last wife Nora, b. Krassl von Traissenegg, is the mother of the theater actress Lotte Tobisch . Benedikt was a passionate rider all his life .

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • Franz Anton Graf von Sporck (1662–1738). On the culture of the Baroque period in Bohemia . Manz-Verlag, Vienna 1923.
  • Monarchy of Contrasts Austria's way through modern times . Ullstein, Vienna 1947.
  • From island state to world empire. History of England 1485–1815 . Rohrer, Wiesbaden 1950.
  • (Ed.): History of the Republic of Austria . Oldenbourg, Munich 1954.
  • The economic development in the Franz Joseph period (= Viennese historical studies . Vol. 4). Herold publishing house, Vienna u. a. 1958.
  • Alexander von Schoeller, 1805–1886. A picture of life. For the 125th anniversary of Schoeller & Co., Vienna . Spies, Vienna 1958.
  • The Paschal Count Alexander von Bonneval, 1675–1747 . Böhlau, Graz a. a. 1959.
  • The Meinl Group peace campaign in 1917/18. Efforts to reach a mutual agreement based on documents, files and letters (= publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria . 48). Böhlau, Graz a. a. 1962.
  • Imperial eagle over the Apennines. The Austrians in Italy from 1700 to 1866 . Herold publishing house, Vienna u. a. 1964.
  • When Belgium was Austrian . Herold publishing house, Vienna u. a. 1965.
  • The monarchy of the House of Austria. A historical essay . Publishing house for history and politics, Vienna 1968.
  • The Age of Emancipation, 1815–1848 . Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 1977, ISBN 3-205-07129-8 .
  • Back in old Austria. Memories . Amalthea, Vienna a. a. 1979, ISBN 3-85002-109-2 . (Memoirs)

literature

  • Building blocks for the history of Austria [Heinrich Benedikt on his 80th birthday] (= archive for Austrian history . Vol. 125). Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 1966.
  • Peter Dusek : Portrait of an Austrian historian - Heinrich Benedikt 90 years old . In: Wissenschaft und Weltbild 29 (1976), pp. 229-230.
  • Benedict, Heinrich . In: Fritz Fellner , Doris A. Corradini: Austrian History in the 20th Century. A biographical-bibliographical lexicon (= publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria. Vol. 99). Böhlau, Vienna et al. 2006, ISBN 978-3-205-77476-1 , p. 54.
  • Günther Hamann : From old Austria. On the 100th birthday of the historian Heinrich Benedikt, December 30, 1986 . In. The press , December 30, 1986.
  • Günther Hamann: Heinrich Benedikt (December 30, 1886 - December 26, 1981) in memory . In: Heinrich Lutz , Helmut Rumpler (ed.): Austria and the German question in the 19th and 20th centuries. Problems of political-state and socio-cultural differentiation in German Central Europe (= Viennese contributions to the history of the modern age . Vol. 9). Oldenbourg, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-486-51231-5 , pp. 9-21.
  • Günther Hamann: Foreword by Günther Hamann [Heinrich Benedikt on his 90th birthday] . In: Heinrich Benedikt: The Age of Emancipations, 1815-1848 . Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 1977, ISBN 3-205-07129-8 , pp. 7-14.
  • Hugo Hantsch , Alexander Novotny (Hrsg.): Festschrift for Heinrich Benedikt, o.ö. Professor of Modern History at the University of Vienna. Presented for the 70th birthday . Notring publishing house of the Austrian scientific associations, Vienna 1957.
  • Georg H. Schlatter: Benedikt, Heinrich . In: Lutz Hagestedt (Ed.): German Literature Lexicon . The 20th century. Biographical-bibliographical manual . Volume 2: Bauer - Ose - Björnson . De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-908255-02-3 , pp. 237-238.
  • Hanns Jäger-Sunstenau : On the family history of the historian Heinrich Benedikt . In. That. Coat of arms, family tree and no end. Selected essays from 4 decades . Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-205-05022-3 , pp. 188 ff.
  • Benedict, Heinrich . In: Austria Institute (Hrsg.): Austrians of the present. Lexicon of creative and creative contemporaries . Österreichische Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1951, p. 13.
  • Benedict, Heinrich. In: Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 94.
  • Gerald Stourzh : In Rememberance: Heinrich Benedikt (1886-1981) . In: Austrian History Yearbook 17 (1981), pp. 579-580.
  • Adam Wandruszka : Old Austrian way of life. On the death of the historian Heinrich Benedikt . In: Die Presse , December 29, 1981.
  • Erich Zöllner : Heinrich Benedikt in memory . In: Austria in History and Literature 26 (1982), pp. 60 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Anna L. Staudacher : "... announces the departure from the Mosaic faith". 18,000 resigned from Judaism in Vienna, 1868–1914. Names - Sources - Dates . Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-55832-4 , p. 49, fn. 47.
  2. ↑ Mechthild Dubbi: From the kuk captain to the commercial councilor. Karl Bittner (1871-1951). Two life plans in the mirror of autobiographical records (= social and economic historical studies . Vol. 33). Publishing house for history and politics, Vienna a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77803-5 , p. 210.
  3. ↑ Hannes Stekl : "Be it as it may, it was nice". Bourgeois Childhood in Autobiographies . In: Hubert C. Ehalt , Gernot Heiß , Hannes Stekl (eds.): Happy is whoever forgets ... ?. The other Vienna around 1900 (= cultural studies . Vol. 6). Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 1986, ISBN 3-205-08857-3 , p. 24.
  4. ↑ Eduard Mühle : Hermann Aubin, the> German East <and National Socialism. Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich . In: Hartmut Lehmann , Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies . Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers (= publications by the Max Planck Institute for History . Volume 200). Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-35198-4 , p. 549, fn. 67.
  5. ↑ Mechthild Dubbi: From the kuk captain to the commercial councilor. Karl Bittner (1871-1951). Two life plans in the mirror of autobiographical records (= social and economic historical studies . Vol. 33). Publishing house for history and politics, Vienna a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77803-5 , p. 135.
  6. ↑ Mechthild Dubbi: From the kuk captain to the commercial councilor. Karl Bittner (1871-1951). Two life plans in the mirror of autobiographical records (= social and economic historical studies . Vol. 33). Publishing house for history and politics, Vienna a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77803-5 , p. 42.
  7. ↑ Mechthild Dubbi: From the kuk captain to the commercial councilor. Karl Bittner (1871-1951). Two life plans in the mirror of autobiographical records (= social and economic historical studies . Vol. 33). Publishing house for history and politics, Vienna a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77803-5 , p. 107.
  8. ↑ Peter Broucek : Military Resistance. Studies on the Austrian state sentiment and Nazi defense . Böhlau, Vienna a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77728-1 , p. 7, fn. 1.
  9. ↑ The prominence of the Republic of Austria in pictures . Ascot-Verlag, Zurich 1962, p. 1929; Heinrich Benedikt: Back then in old Austria. Memories . Amalthea, Vienna a. a. 1979, ISBN 3-85002-109-2 , pp. 335 f.
  10. ↑ Gerald Stourzh : In Rememberance: Heinrich Benedikt (1886-1981) . In: Austrian History Yearbook 17 (1981), pp. 579-580, here: p. 579.
  11. ^ Walter Leitsch : Robert A. Kann † . In: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas NF 30 (1982) 4, pp. 638–640, here: p. 639.
  12. ↑ Gabriela Ann Eakin-Thimme: History in Exile. German-speaking historians after 1933 (= Forum German History . 8). M-Press, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-89975-502-2 , p. 337.
  13. ↑ a b Gerald Stourzh : In Rememberance: Heinrich Benedikt (1886–1981) . In: Austrian History Yearbook 17 (1981), pp. 579-580, here: p. 580.
  14. ^ Alfons Lhotsky : Historical research and historiography in Austria . In: Theodor Schieder : Hundred Years of Historical Journal, 1859-1959. Contributions to the history of historiography in the German-speaking countries (= special edition of the historical journal . Vol. 189). Oldenbourg, Munich 1959, p. 402.
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Duchkowitsch , Hannes Haas : Overcoming many heavy burdens in a long time - hallmarks of the Institute for Journalism and Communication Studies . In: Karl Anton Fröschl et al. (Ed.): Reflective insights from the university. Disciplinary histories between science, society and politics (= 650 years of the University of Vienna - the beginning of the new century . Vol. 4). V & R Unipress, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8471-0415-5 , p. 62.
  16. ↑ Monika Glettler : The evaluation of the factor Germany in the Austrian histography . In: Michael Gehler , Rainer F. Schmidt , Harm-Hinrich Brandt , Rolf Steininger (eds.): Unequal partners ?. Austria and Germany in their mutual perception. Historical analyzes and comparisons from the 19th and 20th centuries (= historical reports . Supplement 15). Steiner, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-515-06878-3 , p. 70.
  17. ^ Bertrand Michael Buchmann : Introduction to the story . Facultas, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-85114-728-6 , p. 142.
  18. ^ Gernot Heiß : Between Science and Production of Ideology - History at the University of Vienna 1848 to 1965 . In: Karl Anton Fröschl et al. (Ed.): Reflective insights from the university. Disciplinary histories between science, society and politics (= 650 years of the University of Vienna - the beginning of the new century . Vol. 4). V & R Unipress, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8471-0415-5 , p. 321.
  19. ↑ Roman Sandgruber : Dreamtime for Millionaires. The 929 richest Viennese in 1910 . Styria Premium, Vienna a. a. 2013, ISBN 978-3-222-13405-0 , p. 313.
  20. ↑ Roman Sandgruber : Dreamtime for Millionaires. The 929 richest Viennese in 1910 . Styria Premium, Vienna a. a. 2013, ISBN 978-3-222-13405-0 , p. 77.
  21. ↑ Lotte Tobisch : A deadly sin 'worth: Heinrich Benedik . In: Ders .: I've never been bored. Why it pays to stay curious . Recorded by Marie-Theres Arnbom , Brandstätter, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-85033-752-6 , p. 44.
personal data
SURNAME Benedict, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian lawyer and historian
DATE OF BIRTH December 30, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1981
Place of death Vienna