Fyodor Ivanovich Prjanischnikow

Fyodor Ivanovich Prjanischnikow ( SK Sarjanko , 1844)

Fjodor Ivanovich Prjanischnikow ( Russian Фёдор Иванович Прянишников ; * February 2 ^July / February 13,  1793 ^greg. In Perm ; † April 28 ^jul. / May 10,  1867 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian civil servant, chief head of the postal department (Minister of Post), philanthropist and patron .

Life

Prjanischnikov's parents were State Councilor ID Prjanischnikow and his French wife. He graduated from the high school of the nobility boarding school at Moscow University .

As early as 1804 he was chancellor in the chancellery of the state treasury, where he served until 1809 and became secretary of the government . In 1810 he switched to auditing. In 1811 he came to the finance minister's office. In 1814 he became collegiate secretary (Xth class ) in the Department of Taxes and Duties, in 1815 office manager assistant and titular councilor (IXth class).

Prjanischnikow had been a member of several Masonic lodges of the Grand Lodge Astreja since 1813 .

In 1818 Prjanischnikow married Baroness Vera Alexandrovna Leonrod (1804–1872), a pupil of the writer Alexandra Chwostowa . The marriage remained childless.

In 1819 Prjanischnikow became an official for special assignments in the Department of Popular Education. In January 1824 he became court advisor (VII. Rank class), and in May 1824 he was appointed to the special chancellery of the chief head of the postal department. In 1826 he received his diploma from the University of St. Petersburg . In the same year he was to perform the coronation of Nicholas I of Moscow reassigned. Nicholas I ordered a competent official to be sent to the United Kingdom to study the postal system . Prjanischnikow mastered the English language and examined the postal service there in May and June 1828. In his report he made suggestions for reforms. In February 1929 he became a collegiate councilor (class VI) and a member of the postal reform committee. The postal reforms began in 1830. In the same year he became a state councilor (fifth class) and on January 1, 1831 assistant to the St. Petersburg postal director. In 1834 he became a Real Councilor of State (fourth class), which means he was now a hereditary nobility . In 1835 he was appointed post director in St. Petersburg, replacing KJ Bulgakov .

In 1839 Prjanischnikow became a member of the committee for the reorganization of postal traffic between the capitals St. Petersburg and Moscow. For private travelers he set up a stagecoach service (1839). In 1840 he was sent to Moscow on a special assignment as head of the postal department. In 1841 he became a privy councilor (3rd class) and director of the postal department while retaining the post of St. Petersburg post director. 1842-1847 and 1849-1853 he represented the head of the postal department WF Adlerberg . From 1843 to 1846 he planned the reorganization of the postal system in the Kingdom of Poland with the integration of the local post office into the Russian postal administration. He introduced a uniform postage fee in Russia . In 1845 he set up a fast mail boat connection between Kronstadt and Stettin . He negotiated postal conventions with Austria and Prussia (1843), Sweden (1846) and Greece (1848) until they were concluded . He set up city posts in the capitals of St. Petersburg and Moscow. He provided moderate fees for newspapers and magazines from abroad. He had new post offices built and reorganized the interior of the post offices. Post boxes were introduced in 1948.

1852-1853 Prjanischnikow was a member of the special committee for the main postal administration to review the existing control system. 1854-1857 he was a member of the State Council for the Department of Civil and Spiritual Affairs and for the Department of Affairs of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1856 he became a real privy councilor (second class). In 1857 he succeeded Adelsberg as chief head of the postal department (resigning from his previous offices) and was thus directly subordinate to Alexander II . In December 1857 the first Russian postage stamp worth 10 kopecks was sold. In 1863 he retired. His successor was IM Tolstoy .

In addition to his official activities, Prjanischnikow was an active member of the Council of the Imperial Philanthropic Society (since 1834), a member of the liberal Free Economic Society for the Promotion of Agriculture and Housekeeping (since 1841), a member of the St. Petersburg English Club (1844-1866) and active member of the Russian Geographical Society (since 1851). 1849-1852 he took over the duties of the curator of the society for poor welfare on behalf of the count Maximilian von Leuchtenberg .

As the vice-president of the Society for the Promotion of Artists, Prjanischnikow supported artists financially and collected their pictures in a large picture gallery, which Alexander II acquired, presented to the Moscow public and given to the Rumyantsev Museum , from which it later came to the Tretyakov Gallery . In 1853 he became an honorary member of the Imperial Public Library , to which he particularly read the manuscripts of Ivan Krylow's fables , a Church Slavonic Bible from 1780 (from a Masonic lodge), the autograph of the spiritual testament of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia and presented a portrait to Nikolai Novikov . He donated 2000 volumes of history to the library of the New Russian University of Odessa . Series of editions went to the Rumyantsev Museum, the Karamzin Library in Simbirsk , the Zhukovsky Library in Belyov, and public libraries in Belgrade , among others .

In 1853 Prjanischnikow was appointed a member of the Committee for the Construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral with responsibility for the arts. In 1856 Alexander II appointed him honorary curator and member of the main council for educational institutions for women. From 1856–1858 he was managing director of the Nikolaus Orphan Institute in Gatchina and the Alexander Orphanage in St. Petersburg.

Prjanischnikow was buried in the St. Petersburg Novodevichy Cemetery.

Honors

• Diamond ring (1823, 1826)
• Order of Saint Anne III Class (1824)
• Order of Saint Vladimir IV Class (1825)
• Order of Saint Anne II Class (1827)
• Order of St. Vladimir III. Class (1828)
• Order of Saint Stanislaus I Class (1837)
• Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class, with star (1838) for improved Russian-Prussian postal traffic and with diamonds (1839)
• Order of Saint Anne I Class (1839)
• Order of St. Vladimir II Class (1843)
• Austrian Order of the Iron Crown 1st Class (1843) for the conclusion of the Austrian Postal Convention
• Prussian Order of the Red Eagle 1st Class (1843)
• Tobacco box with a portrait and diamonds of the Prussian King (1845) for the establishment of the post ship connection between Kronstadt and Stettin
• Order of the White Eagle (1846)
• Swedish North Star Order I Class (1846)
• Greek Order of the Redeemer, 1st class (1848)
• Tobacco box with diamonds and the name of the Austrian emperor (1849)
• Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky (1851)
• Tobacco box with portrait and diamonds of the Prussian King (1852)
• Diamonds for the Order of the Red Eagle 1st Class (1854)
• Diamonds for the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1859)
• Order of St. Vladimir I Class (1863)

Web links

Commons : Fyodor Ivanovich Prjanischnikow  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауз и Ефрон : Биографии .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} П. Майков: Прянишников, Федор Иванович. In: Русский биографический словарь . St. Petersburg, Moscow 1918.
3. ^ ^{A b c d} Ian W. Roberts: 19th Century Russian Postal Ministers and Officials . In: Journal of the Rossica Society of Russian Philately . No. 108 , 1986, pp. 75-78 ( webcitation.org [accessed July 27, 2017]).
4. ↑ Серков А .: Русское масонство. 1731-2000. Энциклопедический словарь . 2001, ISBN 5-8243-0240-5 .
5. ↑ Прянишников: Каталог картин коллекции, помещённых на выставке ОПХ . 1867 ( rsl.ru [accessed July 27, 2017]).