Flem (Schmuèr)
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Flem Flembach, Flumbach |
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 The Flem at Paliu da Rubi below the Val Frisal |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | CH : 3489 | |
| location |
Glarus Alps
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| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Schmuèr → Vorderrhein → Rhine → North Sea | |
| Headwaters | Firn on the north slope of Crap Grond 46 ° 47 ′ 33 ″ N , 8 ° 58 ′ 26 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 2545 m above sea level M. | |
| muzzle | near Waltensburg / Vuorz in the Schmuèr coordinates: 46 ° 46 '53 " N , 9 ° 7' 41" E ; CH1903: 729 006 / 182516 46 ° 46 '53 " N , 9 ° 7' 41" O |
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| Mouth height | 863 m above sea level M. | |
| Height difference | approx. 1682 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 11% | |
| length | 15.8 km | |
| Catchment area | 52.35 km² | |
| Discharge at the mouth of the A Eo : 52.35 km² |
MQ Mq |
2.23 m³ / s 42.6 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Ual da Foppas, Ual da Ladral | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Was there Breil | |
| Communities | Breil / Brigels | |
The Flem is an approximately 16 kilometer long right tributary of the Schmuèrs in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . It flows through the in the village of Breil / Brigels location Val Frisal in the region Surselva .
It is not to be confused with the Flem , which flows into the Vorderrhein near Flims .
geography
course
The Flem rises from a firn on the northern slope of the Crap Grond , a mountain peak of the Brigelser Hörner , at about 2545 m above sea level. At the beginning it flows to the northeast through fresh gravel surfaces, partly underground, and takes the outflow of the Glatscher da Frisal from the left . After about 2.5 kilometers it reaches 1949 m above sea level. M. at Stavel da Nuorsas the valley floor of Val Frisal .
The Flem flows through the valley floor in a wide flood plain , which fills the entire valley floor. The 0.47 km² area is registered in the federal inventory of floodplain areas of national importance . The exit of the valley is narrowed by a moraine . Here, a source rich stretches fen of which is registered in the Federal Inventory of the Fens of national importance.
At Frisal below the Grep Cavigliauna mountain peak, it leaves the valley through the narrow point in several cascades that it formed by exposing the upper part of the fifth formation (" Upper Quintner Limestone "). At Sut Zanin , below the Piz d'Artgas , it turns to the southeast and forms a small gorge with further cascades, taking in a stream from the Bifertenhütte and the water from the Trutg Val from the left . It reaches the relatively flat valley level Paliu da Rubi with the flat moor of the same name. After a short, flat run, the Flem falls between Alp Rubi Sut and Alp Nova in a cascade about 550 meters long, almost 100 meters deep into a narrow notch valley . On the left bank there are now several alpine meadows, while on the right bank mostly forest accompanies the river. Cascades then continue past the Alp da Stiarls to the confluence with the Lag da Breil reservoir ( Brigelser See ) after passing the former Cass Mulin mill on the northern edge of the village of Breil / Brigels. A moraine running parallel to the Vorderrhein prevents the runoff into it. So the Flem turns to the northeast and digs itself deep into the wooded slope of the moraine, where it has formed a small ravine . In the middle section of the ravine, he exposed Illanzer Verrucano through erosion .
This ravine flattens out again at Darums at the left-hand confluence of the Ual da Foppas . In its hollow it passes Waltensburg / Vuorz, which is on the right bank on a narrow ridge . Immediately afterwards, it forms a short, densely forested gorge that opens a little below Grünenfels Castle at the confluence of the Ual da Ladral . Here the river meets Verrucano rock again. After another 700 meters, the Flem finally flows out at 863 m above sea level. M. from the right into the lower reaches of the shorter and less watery Schmuèr , which flows into the Vorderrhein just a little later at Rueun .
Catchment area
The catchment area of the Flem extends over an area of 52.35 square kilometers. It consists of 42% unproductive area, 41.8% agricultural area, 14.5% wooded area and 1.7% settlement area. The highest point is at 3402 m above sea level. M. on the eastern slope of the Bifertenstock , the average height is 2055.5 m above sea level. M.
In the north lies the catchment area of the Linth and in the west that of the Ferrera .
Area distribution
Hydrology
Main hydrological strand
Direct comparison between Flem and Schmuèr at the confluence:
| Surname | length
[in km] |
EZG
[in km²] |
MQ
[in m³ / s] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flem | 15.8 | 52.35 | 2.23 |
| Schmuèr | 10.1 | 40.85 | 1.75 |
The longer Flem also has the larger intake system and is richer in water. It is thus the main hydrological branch of the Schmuèr river system . The total length of the Schmuèr-Flem line is 17.8 km.
Discharge data
At the mouth of the Flem, its modeled mean flow rate (MQ) is 2.23 m³ / s. Its discharge regime type is nivo-glaciaire and its discharge variability is 17.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
- ↑ a b Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved July 20, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Mean discharge and discharge regime type for the Swiss water network. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Topographic catchment areas of Swiss waters: Lombach (upper reaches)
- ↑ Topographic catchment areas of Swiss waters: Traubach
- ↑ "Hidden behind the mean values" - the variability of the discharge regime , p. 7
- ↑ The discharge variability describes the extent of the fluctuations in the mean discharge of individual years around the long-term mean discharge value.