Flueggea tinctoria

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Flueggea tinctoria
Flueggea tinctoria

Flueggea tinctoria

Systematics
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Phyllanthaceae
Subfamily : Phyllanthoideae
Tribe : Phyllantheae
Genre : Flueggea
Type : Flueggea tinctoria
Scientific name
Flueggea tinctoria
( L. ) GLWebster

Flueggea tinctoria , also called dyer's buckthorn , is a species of the genus Flueggea within the family Phyllanthaceae . It is common on the Iberian Peninsula .

description

Branches with male flowers
Branches with leathery leaves

Vegetative characteristics

Flueggea tinctoria is a heavily branched, deciduous, thorny shrub that reaches heights of growth of up to 2 meters. The mostly upright branches are cylindrical. The bark of young twigs is downy and hairy, later it is bare.

The foliage leaves , arranged alternately on the twigs or in bundles on young twigs, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is relatively short with a length of 1 to 1.5 millimeters. The simple, leathery, bald, entire leaf blades are 8 to 15 millimeters long, rarely up to 22 millimeters and 4 to 9 millimeters wide, obovate or lanceolate, narrowing towards the base of the blade and the upper end can be prickly be. The stipules are narrow-lanceolate with a length of 1 to 1.5 millimeters.

Generative characteristics

Flueggea tinctoria is dioeciously segregated ( diocesan ). The bract, which is ciliated at the edge, is circular, concave and dry-skinned at the upper end.

The unisexual flowers are usually threefold with a simple flower envelope . There are also flowers with five, seven or eight sepals and stamens each. The mostly three sepals are fused at their base. The durable, reddish calyx tips are concave, with a length of about 1.5 millimeters and a width of about 0.75 millimeters, obverse-lanceolate and ciliate at their upper end. Nectar is made in a disc ; it is lobed in the male flowers and ring-shaped in the female. The male flowers are erect, rarely individually or usually in groups of two to six in the leaf axils and are 2 to 5, rarely up to 7 millimeters long stalked. There are usually six stamens . The free stamens are much longer than the calyx tips. The dust bags open with longitudinal slits. Sometimes a rudimentary ovary about 8 millimeters long is present in male flowers . The stems of the female flowers are 5 to 8 millimeters long. The female, more or less pendulous flowers stand individually or in twos or threes together in the leaf axils. In the female flowers, the calyx lobes are usually 1 to 1.5 (0.8 to 2) millimeters long and 0.3 to 1 millimeters wide and are long and short frayed. The ovary is dreikammerig with two ovules . Most of the three styluses end with two columns.

The fruit stalks are 6 to 20 millimeters long. The fleshy, bald capsule fruit is 2 to 3 millimeters long and 3 to 4 millimeters wide and almost spherical with three fruit compartments that are clearly visible on the outside. The smooth seeds are about 2 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide and more or less angular.

The flowering time and fruit ripeness ranges from January to April.

Occurrence

Flueggea tinctoria is widespread in the central to western part of the Iberian Peninsula and occurs in Spain and Portugal . Flueggea tinctoria occurs mainly on the banks of the rivers between the Duero basin and the Guadalquivir basin . It preferably thrives on gravel banks in groups, the so-called "Tamujares".

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1758 under the name ( Basionym ) Rhamnus tinctoria by Carl von Linné in Pehr Loefling: Iter Hispanicum , p. 302. The new combination to Flueggea tinctoria (L.) GLWebster took place in 1984 by Grady Linder Webster in Allertonia Volume 3, 4, P. 302.

Synonyms for Flueggea tinctoria (L.) GLWebster are: Securinega tinctoria (L.) Rothm. , Adelia virgata Poir. , Colmeiroa buxifolia (Poir.) Reut. , Villanova buxifolia (Poir.) Pourr. , Securinega buxifolia (Poir.) Müll.Arg. , Acidoton buxifolius (Poir.) Kuntze , Securinega virgata (Poir.) Maire .

use

Flueggea tinctoria has been used in folk medicine in places . The branches were used to make brooms and fences. The main use was as a dye plant , the dried berries are suitable for dyeing ("yellow berries"), hence the epithet tinctoria . :

Common names in other languages

Common names are in:

  • Spain ( Castilian language ): Tamujo, Tamuja, Tamuejo, Tarmujo, Escobón de río, Espino de escobas escoba-ollera, escobas de caballeriza, escobas de tamuja, espino-box, espino macho, tamoxos, tamuesos, zamujas.
  • Portugal : Tamujo, Tarnujo

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Data sheet with texts, photos and distribution on the Iberian Peninsula at Flora Vascular .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k S. Castroviejo (ed.) 1986-2012: Flora iberica , Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid. CVIII. EUPHORBIACEAE , In Volume VIII: Text and Illustration, pp. 191-193, PDF.
  3. ↑ Flueggea tinctoria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 31, 2016.
  4. ↑ Flueggea tinctoria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  5. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Flueggea tinctoria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  6. ^ Dictionary of Botanical Epithets .
  7. ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask at Proyecto Anthos des Real Jardín Botánico .
  8. ↑ Flueggea tinctoria at Flora Digital de Portugal .

Web links

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