Franc Rozman

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Slovenia 2 euro commemorative coin, 2011
Parte , exhibited in the Franja Partisan Hospital Museum

Franc Rozman , called Stane (also Franc Rozman - Stane ; born March 27, 1911 in Spodnje Pirniče , Medvode municipality , Austria-Hungary ; † November 7, 1944 in Kanižarica , Črnomelj municipality , Bela krajina region , Yugoslavia ), was a Slovene or Yugoslav partisan leader in World War II .

Life

Franc Rozman came from a poor background, his father was a track worker and fell on the side of the Austro-Hungarian army on the Eastern Front at the beginning of the First World War . Rozman's older sisters were then placed in an orphanage and he himself trained as a baker. In 1932 he completed his military service in the Yugoslav army.

After the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, he stood up for the Republican side . He received military training and was employed in the International Brigades as an officer and battalion leader. In Spain he became a member of the Partido Comunista de España in November 1936 . After the defeat of the Republicans, he was interned in France in 1939 and returned to Yugoslavia , where he became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPJ) .

In April 1941, the German attacked army of Yugoslavia , and Rozman was as forced laborers to Weimar deported . He escaped and went back to the now politically fragmented Yugoslavia, which had been divided into the vassal state of Croatia , into areas annexed and occupied by Italy , Hungary , Bulgaria , Albania and the German Empire , and into Serbia occupied by Germany . Many regions of Yugoslavia, however, remained uncontrollable for the various occupying powers and their collaborators. There, the emerging Yugoslav People's Liberation Army ruled under Marshal Tito , which started a partisan war after the German invasion of the Soviet Union .

Rozman joined the Slovenian resistance organization Osvobodilna Fronta, founded in April 1941 . From the end of 1941 he was a soldier under the code name Stane in the Slovenian partisan organization, which was part of the all-Yugoslav liberation organization. He became a trainer and battalion leader of the Štajerski bataljon and in April 1942 brigade leader for about 300 Slovenian partisans. In July 1943 Stane became commander in chief of the Slovenian partisans with the rank of lieutenant general .

Stane died after an unsuccessful military exercise with a mortar , but the exact circumstances were never clarified.

Commemoration

“Commander Stane” was posthumously awarded the Order of the People's Hero on November 11, 1944, and after the Second World War he was celebrated as a national hero in the unified communist Yugoslavia . In the Republic of Slovenia , too , after its establishment in 1991, he was portrayed as a national figure of identification. In 2011, on his 100th birthday, a 2 euro commemorative coin was minted, which is legal tender throughout Europe .

In Spodnje Pirniče a small museum has been set up in the house where he was born and a bust has been placed in front of the house. There is also a monument in Ljubljana , and some schools and streets in Slovenia bear his name. Domestically controversial in June 2012 was the renaming of the barracks of the Slovenian armed forces, which had previously been named after him, to “Vojašnica Edvarda Peperka”, this time after a victim of the Slovenian War in 1991 . Rozman-Stane's responsibility for massacres perpetrated by the Yugoslav partisans in connection with the resistance activities is controversial.

literature

  • Peter Štih, Vasko Simoniti, Peter Vodopivec: Slovenian history: society - politics - culture . Leykam, Graz 2008, ISBN 978-3-7011-0101-6 .
  • Vlado Strugar: The Yugoslav People's Liberation War: 1941–1945 . German Military publishing house, Berlin / East 1969.

Web links

Commons : Franc Rozman - Stane  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Euro crisis with Tito star. In: FAZ . March 28, 2011.
  2. ↑ Roberta Angelilli (PPE): Question for written answer to the Commission, Rule 117 of the Rules of Procedure. Subject: Issue of a Slovenian commemorative coin with the image of the Yugoslav commander Franc Rozman Stane. In: European Parliament . July 13, 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Rozman, Franc
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Franc Rozman - Stane; Slane (military alias)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Yugoslav soldier in the resistance and national hero of Slovenia
DATE OF BIRTH March 27, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Spodnje Pirniče , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH November 7, 1944
Place of death Kanižarica , Črnomelj municipality , Bela krajina region , Yugoslavia