Franz Stolze
Franz Stolze (born March 14, 1836 in Berlin ; † January 13, 1910 there ) was a German inventor , photographer , stenographer and writer. He is best known as the developer of the first gas turbine and photographic measurement methods .
Life
Franz Stolze first received private lessons from his father Wilhelm Stolze (known as the inventor of a shorthand ), then attended the Friedrich-Werder-Gymnasium in Berlin, which he graduated in 1857. After studying philosophy, history, geography, physics and mathematics at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin and Jena, he received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena in 1863.
Proud gas turbine
As part of his doctorate, Stolze came into contact with the works of Ferdinand Redtenbacher on flow and turbo machine construction . He recognized some weaknesses in the theoretical calculation and the design of turbines, improved the calculation and the like. a. the Henschel-Joval turbine and himself developed the idea of a “fire turbine ” ( gas turbine ), which he first applied for a patent in 1873.
Since this patent application had been rejected by the German Reich Patent Office , Stolze devoted himself to other activities for a long time (see below). Ultimately, however, he turned back to the gas turbine, as others, in particular Charles Parsons , had practically confirmed his ideas. In 1897, Stolze again applied for a patent, which this time was approved. As a result, Stolze developed and built a test and pilot system in Berlin-Weißensee in 1904 . However, due to material problems, excessive pressure losses and unfavorable blade profiles, especially in the area of the turbo compressor, the turbine had too low an efficiency. The compressor needed more drive power than the turbine delivered, i.e. H. the machine was unable to start by itself or to deliver energy.
Despite the initial success practical Miss pride turbine considered groundbreaking for today's gas turbine technology, because after the gas turbines for several years without compressors Holzwarth promising appeared, turned in the 1930s, the sheet u. a. through the development of improved turbo compressors by Rateau . Today all modern gas turbines work according to the Stolz principle.
In his memory, the “Siemens Ring Foundation” put a bronze plaque on the house at Uhlandstrasse 175 in Berlin-Charlottenburg on March 14, 1963, where Stolze worked during the last decades of his life.
Other activities
In addition to building turbines, Stolze was mainly active in the field of photography for a long time . He headed the Photographische Verein zu Berlin founded by Hermann Wilhelm Vogel in 1863 from 1869–1873 and 1881–1893. In 1866 he founded a factory for photographic paper and cameras (Kunstphotographische Anstalt Dr. Franz Stolze & Co.) and helped to set up a chair and laboratory for photography in Berlin-Charlottenburg .
According to the above Rejection of his turbine patent, Stolze undertook a research trip to Isfahan / Persia on behalf of the Prussian Ministry of Culture in 1874 to record the passage of Venus from 1874 with a photoheliograph (see picture).
He was then called in to archaeological excavations in Persia (in Persepolis and in the mosque of Shiraz with Friedrich Carl Andreas ), which he documented using photogrammetry . Proudly sent the photos of the Mesdjid-e-Djumä (Friday Mosque) from Shiraz in 1878 to Meschede / Sauerland, where they were evaluated and drawn up by his friend Albrecht Meydenbauer , who worked there as a building inspector. Proud stayed in Persia until 1881.
Stolze introduced special measuring marks for the evaluation of photogrammetric stereo recordings.
In addition, Stolze campaigned for the dissemination of his father's works on shorthand and received a teaching assignment from the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin in 1896. He also worked as a writer, wrote some poems, novels and dramas. Franz Stolze died at the age of 73 and found his final resting place in the Berlin Cathedral Cemetery I on Liesenstrasse .
Fonts
- Encyclopedia of Photography. Hall a. S., Verlag by Wilhelm Knapp. (61st Volume 1908)
- F. Stolze, FC Andreas, Theodor Nöldeke : Persepolis. The Achaemenid and Sassanid monuments and inscriptions of Persepolis, Istakhr, Pasargadae, Shâhpûr photographed for the first time. 2 volumes. A. Asher & Co., Berlin 1882
- Photo of the Friday Mosque (Mesdjid-e-Djumä) in Shiraz . In: Photographisches Wochenblatt , 7, 1881, No. 17, pp. 133-136
- My photos of the ruins of Persepolis . In: Photographisches Wochenblatt , 7, 1881; No. 31, pp. 245-247; No. 32, pp. 253-255; No. 33, pp. 261-265; No. 34, pp. 269-271; No. 35, pp. 277-281; No. 36, pp. 285-287; No. 37, pp. 293-297; No. 38, pp. 301-304; No. 39, pp. 310-312
honors and awards
- 1898: Red Eagle Order IV class
- 1960: Name of a mountain ( Stolze Peak ) on the Arctowski Peninsula in West Antarctica
literature
- Fritz Hansen : The Photographische Verein zu Berlin , commemorative publication to celebrate its 50th anniversary on November 18, 1913 . Berlin 1913, self-published by the Photographischer Verein zu Berlin
- Fritz Hansen: Dr. Franz Stolze (on his 70th birthday, March 14, 1906), in: Photographische Chronik , XIII. Vol., Wilhelm Knapp, Halle 1906, pp. 143–144
Individual evidence
- ↑ Triumph and Ovation . Carl Boldt, Rostock 1874 digitized
- ↑ Historical observations of transit of Venus ( Memento from April 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ ( page no longer available )
- ↑ knerger.de: The grave of Franz Stolze
- ↑ Dr. A. [dolf] Miethe (-Rathenow) (ed.): Photographische Chronik , 5th year, Wilhelm Knapp, Halle / S., 1898, p. 262.
- ↑ Proud peak in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey .
Web links
- Literature by and about Franz Stolze in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Franz Stolze at Open Library
- Memorial plaque Franz Stolze. Werner-von-Siemens-Ring Foundation, accessed on February 13, 2018 .
- Gas turbine, Franz Stolze, 1904. In: Gas turbines. Deutsches Museum, accessed on February 13, 2018 .
- Thomas Eduardt Hafemann: Franz Stolze Prize for Bastian Löhrer. In: Institute for Fluid Mechanics. Technische Universität Dresden, June 30, 2017, accessed on February 13, 2018 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Proud, Franz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German inventor, photographer, stenographer and writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 14, 1836 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 13, 1910 |
| Place of death | Berlin |