Albrecht Meydenbauer

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Albrecht Meydenbauer

Albrecht Meydenbauer (born April 30, 1834 in Tholey ; † November 15, 1921 in Godesberg ) was a German civil engineer and, along with Aimé Laussedat, the founder of photogrammetry , especially architectural photogrammetry.

Life

Measuring camera from Albrecht Meydenbauer

Meydenbauer was the son of the doctor Albrecht Meydenbauer (1796–1833) and his wife, the handicraft teacher Friederike, geb. Buttny (1808-1894). He grew up in Trier on, attended the grammar school and worked as Baueleve operates. He studied civil engineering in Berlin, first at the trade institute (1854) and then at the building academy . He worked as a site manager on various railway projects.

Nevertheless, his special interest was always in the monument preservation building survey, where he tried to use photography. In 1863, together with Hermann Wilhelm Vogel and Franz Stolze , he founded the “ Photographische Verein zu Berlin ”. At the photographic exhibition in Berlin in 1865 he exhibited the first results. He exchanged ideas with Emil Busch , the Rathenower optics industrial entrepreneur, who brought out his first wide-angle lens "Pantoscop" in 1865 , about the technical implementation of a measuring image camera , which then came onto the market in 1867 with this lens. In the summer of 1867 he attempted to photograph the town of Freyburg an der Unstrut (map production) and its late Romanesque town church St. Marien (building record), all under the supervision of the military and very successfully. In July 1870 he passed the master builder examination.

In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 he took part as upper material administrator of the railway department No. 1 under Ernst Dircksen . After several years of planning work for the Moselle Railway (Koblenz-Trier), he worked from 1875 to 1879 as a district builder in Iserlohn and Meschede . During his activity in Meschede in 1878 Meydenbauer evaluated architectural photogrammetric recordings of the Friday mosque in Shiraz , which his friend Franz Stolze had sent him from Persia. From 1879 to 1885 he worked as a district building inspector and university architect in Marburg / Lahn, succeeding Carl Schäfer .

His attempts to interest the Prussian curator of art monuments, Ferdinand von Quast , in the use of photogrammetry in the documentation of art monuments were unsuccessful. On the other hand, the cooperation with his superior in Kassel, the building officer Heinrich von Dehn-Rotfelser , led to the goal. When he was transferred to Potsdam in 1878 and appointed Prussian curator of art monuments in 1882, the way to the introduction of photogrammetry for architecture and monument preservation was paved. On April 1, 1885, Meydenbauer, supported by Minister of Culture Gustav von Goßler , was appointed to the Prussian Ministry of Culture in Berlin as a government and building councilor to set up the Messbild-Anstalt there. In 1909 he retired and was succeeded by Theodor von Lüpke .

Meydenbauer was married to Mathilde von Beughem (1846-1929), the daughter of the Justice Senate President in Ehrenbreitstein Ludwig von Beughem . With her he had four children, the sons Hans (1873-1932; lawyer at the Superior Court in Berlin), Albrecht and Fritz and the daughter Luise (1879-1949).

On March 11, 1882, he was accepted into the Masonic lodge Marc Aurel zum Flammenden Stern in Marburg.

Services

Photo of the French Cathedral in Berlin from 1882
A photo of Wetzlar Cathedral around 1900 by Albrecht Meydenbauer. On the photo he marked the place where he had an accident in 1858 with an arrow and the inscription "September '58". The accident motivated him to develop photogrammetry. On the back of the photo is written “Wetzlar 1858 - The danger of falling with (arrow). Prompt for the invention of the art of measuring images. "

The name Albrecht Meydenbauer is inextricably linked to photogrammetry .

After Meydenbauer first called the process "photometrography" in 1867, the name "photogrammetry" was used for the first time on December 6, 1867 as the title of the anonymously published article Die Photogrammetrie in the weekly newspaper of the Berlin Architects' Association (later Deutsche Bauzeitung ). The editorial team of the Wochenblatt commented: “The name photogrammetry is decidedly better than photometrography, although not quite indicative and satisfactory either.” Since Wilhelm Jordan claimed to have introduced the name photogrammetry in 1876, the editorial team shared the German Bauzeitung on June 22, 1892 under miscellaneous information that the article published in 1867 came from Albrecht Meydenbauer.

With tireless efforts he succeeded in founding the Messbild-Anstalt for memorial recordings in 1885 , mostly known as the Royal Prussian Messbild-Anstalt , which was continued as the Staatliche Bildstelle Berlin after the First World War . This independent institution in the Prussian Ministry of Culture was the first photogrammetrically working office in the world. For almost 50 years it was based in the former building of the Bauakademie at Schinkelplatz 6.

With his Messbild-Anstalt, Meydenbauer created a memorial archive that is still addressed today as the largest photogrammetric archive for cultural goods. The international convention of UNESCO (Paris 1972) for the protection of the natural and cultural heritage of the world together with the corresponding resolution of the general conference of UNESCO in 1972 with its recommendations for the establishment of national and international monument archives draw on considerations that Meydenbauer had already put into practice 100 years earlier. The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict also assigns photogrammetry the task of documentation. Resolutions made by the German National Committee in preparation for the European Year of Monument Protection in 1975 point in the same direction.

However, not only the photogrammetric building survey for monument preservation documentation purposes go back to Meydenbauer. The extensive use of photogrammetry for the purpose of topographical terrain mapping for railway project planning work at the end of the 19th century in the Danube Monarchy and in Russia can be attributed to his influence. Meydenbauer provided the builder R. Richard with an article on recording terrain and drawing plans with the help of photogrammetry , which he published in his chapter on preparatory work for railways in the Handbuch der Ingenieurwissenschaften.

Meydenbauer dealt with photogrammetric questions in two works in 1892 and 1912. He published detailed questions in the Bauwesen magazine , the Deutsche Bauzeitung , the Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung and in photographic journals.

Honors

Meydenbauer was recognized by the University of Marburg for his services to “the invention of photogrammetry and its development into a kind of science, and through its facility it has opened up a simple way for art experts to research monuments in detail, and it has undertaken the method to do so show "the title of Dr. phil. hc awarded. The Technical University of Hanover honored him on December 4, 1908 with the title of Dr.-Ing. E. h. ("As the creator of the measurement image process and as a promoter of the study of architecture"). In 1881 he became an honorary member of the Photographischer Verein zu Berlin and in 1886 its honorary president.

Berlin-Spandau honored pioneers in the fields of optics, photo and film technology and named Meydenbauerweg after him in 1963 ; his birthplace Tholey followed in 1980 with the Meydenbauer Weg . The German Society for Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation donated the Albrecht Meydenbauer Medal in 1984 for achievements in the field of photogrammetry.

In the church of St. Marien in Freyburg from June 22nd to October 31st, 2017, the exhibition “150 Years of Photogrammetry in Germany” paid tribute to Meydenbauer's pioneering work in the city in 1867, where he took the first recordings as a trial.

List of honors
year Honor
1881 Appointment as an "honorary member" of the Photographischer Verein zu Berlin
1885 Appointment to government and building councilor at the Prussian Ministry of Culture in Berlin.
1885 Awarded the "Honorary Doctorate" (Dr. phil. Hc) by the University of Marburg on July 22nd.
1886 Appointment as "Permanent Honorary President" of the Photographisches Verein zu Berlin
1888 Awarded the "Red Eagle Order IV Class"
1888 Awarding of the Great Vermeil "Maria Theresa Medal", donated by the Archduchess Maria Theresa (wife of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria) at the International Exhibition of the Club of Amateur Photographers in Vienna, together with Prof. Mach / Prague, Riegler & Salcher in Fiume and photographer Scolik / Vienna.
1888 Appointment as an "extraordinary member" of the club of amateur photographers in Vienna
1891 Awarded the character "Secret Building Councilor"
1892 Awarded the “Little Gold Medal for Science” at the Academic Art Exhibition in Berlin
1895 Appointment as "Head of the measuring picture institute for monument recordings"
1901 Awarded the "Red Eagle Order III. Class with the bow "
1903 Appointment as "Professor"
1903 Awarded the "Medjid House Order II. Class" by Sultan Abdul Hamid Chan, ruler of the Ottoman Empire
1904 The Messbild-Anstalt was awarded a "Grand Prize" at the World Exhibition in St. Louis in the areas of teaching and photography.
1904 Awarded the "Royal Order of the Crown, Second Class"
1908 Awarded her ninth “Dr.-Ing. Eh “by the Royal. TH Hannover
1909 "Honorary Prize for Photogrammetry" at the International Photographic Exhibition in Dresden 1909
1909 Awarded the "Red Eagle Order II. Class with Oak Leaves"
1914 Awarded the "Royal Crown for the Order of the Red Eagle II. Class with Oak Leaves"
1963 Berlin-Spandau names a street “Meydenbauerweg”.
1980 The city of Tholey gives a street the name "Meydenbauer Weg".
1985 The German Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (DGPF) donates the "Meydenbauer Medal" for special achievements in the field of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

Fonts (selection)

  • Taking photographs for scientific purposes, especially the measurement image process . First volume: The photographic basics and the measurement image process with small instruments . Untes Verlags-Anstalt, Berlin 1892.
  • A German monuments archive (Monumenta Germaniae) . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung 28th vol., No. 102/103, 1894, pp. 629–631 ( digitized version ).
  • «The monuments archive» and its production using the measurement image process. Memorandum on the occasion of the exhibition of measurement image recordings and drawings on the under protectorate of Her Majesty the Empress and Queen Friedrich in the summer of 1896 in the new Reichstag building . Messbild-Anstalt, Berlin 1896 ( digitized version ).
  • A German monuments archive. A final word on the twentieth anniversary of the Königliche Messbild-Anstalt in Berlin . Messbild-Anstalt, Berlin 1905.
  • Handbook of the art of measuring images in application to architectural monuments and travel photographs . Wilhelm Knapp, Halle / Saale 1912.

literature

  • B. (Burchardi): About the usability of photography for terrain and architecture shots. In: Archive for the officers of the Royal Prussian Artillery and Engineer Corps, 32nd vol., 63rd vol., 1868, pp. 189–210 ( digitized version ).
  • Siegfried Rösch: Professor Albrecht Meydenbauer "1834/1921" in Wetzlar. To commemorate the 50th anniversary of his death . In: Heimatkalender des Kreis Wetzlar 1972, pp. 105–113.
  • Albrecht Grimm (Ed.): 120 years of photogrammetry in Germany. The diary of Albrecht Meydenbauer, the Nestor of the measurement image process, published on the occasion of the anniversary 1858/1978 (= Deutsches Museum Abhandlungen undberichte 45th year 1977, issue 2). Oldenbourg, Munich / VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1978, ISBN 3-486-21781-X .
  • Albrecht Grimm: Albrecht Meydenbauer 1834–1921 . In: 1831-1981. "In recognition of his special merits ...". Architects as honorary doctors of the Faculty of Construction . Technical University of Hanover, Chair for Design and Building Science B, Hanover 1981, pp. 23-27.
  • Rudolf Meyer (Ed.): Albrecht Meydenbauer - Architecture in historical photographs . Fotokinoverlag, Leipzig 1985.
  • Uwe Kieling: Berlin building officials and state architects in the 19th century. Biographical Lexicon . Berlin district boards of the Society for Local History and for the Preservation of Monuments in the Kulturbund der DDR, Berlin 1986, pp. 64–65.
  • Ursula von den Driesch:  Meydenbauer, Albrecht. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 286 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Jörg Albertz, Albert Wiedemann (Ed.): Architectural photogrammetry yesterday - today - tomorrow . Scientific colloquium on the 75th anniversary of the death of the founder of architectural photogrammetry Albrecht Meydenbauer at the Technical University of Berlin on November 15, 1996. TU Berlin, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-7983-1700-3 .

Web links

Commons : Albrecht Meydenbauer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Huschke: On the ancestry of Professor Albrecht Meydenbauer, the inventor of the measuring image method . In: Mitteldeutsche Familienkunde 4, 1973, pp. 90–91.
  2. ^ Franz Stolze: Photo of the Friday Mosque (Mesdjid-e-Djumä) in Shiraz. In: Photographisches Wochenblatt . 7th year 1881, issue 17, pp. 133-136 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Albrecht Meydenbauer: The photometrography . In: Wochenblatt des Architektenverein zu Berlin, Vol. 1, 1867, No. 14, pp. 125–126 ( digitized version ); No. 15, pp. 139-140 ( digitized version ); No. 16, pp. 149-150 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Photogrammetry . In: Wochenblatt des Architektenverein zu Berlin vol. 1, 1867, no. 49, pp. 471–472 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Wochenblatt des Architektenverein zu Berlin, vol. 1, 1867, No. 49, p. 471 footnote.
  6. ↑ Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen 26, 1892, p. 220 ( digitized version ) with reference to his article on the utilization of photography for geometric recordings (photogrammetry) . In: Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen 5, 1876, pp. 1–17 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Deutsche Bauzeitung, Volume 26, 1892, No. 50, p. 300 ( digitized version ). See Albrecht Grimm: The origin of the word photogrammetry . In: International Archives for Photogrammetry Vol. 23, 1980, pp. 323-330; Albrecht Grimm: The Origin of the Term Photogrammetry . In: Dieter Fritsch (Ed.): Proceedings of 51st photogrammetric week . Berlin 2007, pp. 53-60 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Hans Foramitti: architectural photogrammetry . Part 1: The value of modern photogrammetric cultural property archives . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1976, ISBN 3-7927-0276-2 , note 32.
  9. ↑ A future for our past. Monument protection and preservation in the Federal Republic of Germany . Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1975, pp. 164-167.
  10. ↑ Recording the terrain and drawing the plans with the help of photogrammetry . In: Edmund Heusinger von Waldegg (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Ingenieurwissenschaften in four volumes . Volume 1, Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1880, pp. 74-83; 2nd edition 1883, pp. 89-100 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ 150 years of photogrammetry - exhibition in the Freyburger Stadtkirche St.Marien ; Facebook .
  12. ↑ Photographisches Wochenblatt ,  7 (1881) 15: 114 urn : nbn: de: kobv: 83-goobi-1665173 and 42: 333 urn : nbn: de: kobv: 83-goobi-1667398
  13. ↑ Central sheet for the entire teaching administration in Prussia . tape 27 (1885) , no. 5/6 , p. 415 , urn : nbn: de: 0111-bbf-spo-7302977 ( p. 415 ).
  14. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung , 19 (1885) 32: 196
  15. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , April 18, 1885: 5 (1885) 16: 157
  16. ^ Process: Hess. State Archives, Marburg 307d, No. 122, Vol. 2
  17. ^ Original document (in Latin) : Wetzlar City Archives
  18. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung , 19 (1885) 68: 412
  19. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , 5 (1885) 34A: 360
  20. ↑ Photographisches Wochenblatt , 12 (1886) 1:17
  21. ↑ Award certificate , Wetzlar City Archives
  22. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , 8 (1888) 19: 201
  23. ↑ Zentralblatt for the entire teaching administration in Prussia , 30 (1888) 5/6: 473
  24. ↑ Photographische Correspondenz , Vienna, 25 (1888) 338: 508 & 339: 554
  25. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung 9 (1889) 13: 122
  26. ↑ Photographische Rundschau   3 (1889/90) 1:15
  27. ↑ Zentralblatt for the entire teaching administration in Prussia 33 (1891) 4: 312
  28. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung 26 (1892) 59: 355
  29. ↑ Zentralblatt for the entire teaching administration in Prussia 37 (1895) 1: 4
  30. ^ Central sheet for the entire teaching administration in Prussia 43 (1901) 2: 249
  31. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung 35 (1901) 9:56
  32. ^ Central sheet for the entire teaching administration in Prussia 45 (1903) 5: 302
  33. ^ Original document in the Meydenbauer estate, Wetzlar City Archives
  34. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung  37 (1903) 99: 644
  35. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung 23 (1903) 95: 594
  36. ↑ REICH COMMISSIONER {World's Fair in St. Louis in 1904} - 1905, page 25 & 46
  37. ↑ Zentralblatt for the entire teaching administration in Prussia  46 (1904) 9/10: 592
  38. ^ Deutsche Bauzeitung 42 (1908) 105: 720
  39. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung   9 (1909) 1: 8
  40. ↑ Intern. Archive f. Photogrammetry  2 (1910) 2: 131
  41. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung 29 (1909) 91: 589
  42. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung 34 (1914) 41: 305
  43. ↑ image measurement and aerial beings 53 (1985) 3:90
personal data
SURNAME Meydenbauer, Albrecht
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German civil engineer and founder of photogrammetry
DATE OF BIRTH April 30, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH Tholey , Ottweiler district
DATE OF DEATH November 15, 1921
Place of death bad Godesberg