Friedenskirche (Berlin-Niederschönhausen)
The Peace Church in Berlin district Niederschonhausen the district Pankow is one of the more than 50 under monument protection standing village churches in Berlin . The field stone church, which was baroque in the 18th century and originally retracted choir at the intersection of the old village, was converted into a cross-shaped complex with the apse in the east and a three-storey, octagonal tower over the crossing in 1869–1871 . The name Friedenskirche is related to the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871.
Settlement history
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The street village of Niederschönhausen was founded around 1230 at the same time as Pankow and other neighboring villages "from wild roots". In 1375 it was first mentioned in a document in Charles IV's land register and described in terms of ownership and tax conditions: The village had 48 hooves , including a. four parish hooves. In 1450 the number of hooves had increased to 52 because u. a. two Kirchhufen had been added. In 1691, Elector Friedrich III. the village; since then it has belonged to the Hohenzollern family . Since the end of the 18th century, citizens of Berlin bought land in the village and built summer houses, later also permanent residences. In 1875, Niederschönhausen already had 2,354 inhabitants (compared to 399 in 1840). As early as 1849, an expansion of the church was planned; for this purpose a map of the existing building was drawn. However, it wasn't until 1869 that a major renovation began. On July 7, 1871, the converted church, which looked like a new building and hardly looked like a village, was inaugurated. The parish of Niederschönhausen has been independent since 1896.
Building history
The first stone village church had the simple floor plan of a rectangular hall church , without any extension. Since the dimensions (with the exception of the height) of this nave have remained the same to this day, it can be assumed that the field stone masonry made of carefully hewn blocks has remained unchanged, at least up to the otherwise usual eaves height . This meticulous ashlar is typically late Romanesque and therefore speaks for a construction period around 1250. The church was renovated in the 16th century. The stone church was redesigned in Baroque style in 1743 , received a retracted choir , a roof tower with a wooden lantern and enlarged windows and was plastered all around.
A fundamental renovation, which largely changed the appearance of the church, took place in the years 1869–1871. Since an enlargement had already been considered in 1849, Friedrich Wilhelm IV had drafted an idea sketch at that time. In 1842 he laid the foundation stone for the completion of Cologne Cathedral and thought that in “his” Niederschönhausen, too, he could only meet the demands of the Hohenzollern dynasty with a cathedral-like extension.
The nave of the original field stone church was supplemented to the east by a transept with crossing , choir attachment and apse by about twice the previous room volume, in the arched style , as developed by the Schinkel School . The new parts were faced as masonry with yellow bricks , streaked with red. The old parts of the nave continued to consist of field stones, but were raised to the eaves height of the extension without a construction seam being visible. The old nave got simple ogival tracery windows based on the pattern of the extension. The apse was given small arched windows , a screen in the form of a dwarf gallery and an arched frieze under the eaves . According to the idea sketch by Friedrich Wilhelm IV. The church should have a high three-tier steeple. Because of the poor subsoil, the tower could only be built with a height of 25 meters. The tower octagon above the crossing is structured with two cornices , the top floor with an arcade , above it a flat octagonal tent roof . The crossing tower ends with blind arcades, three on each side. The front surfaces of the transept have two two-lane arched windows. There is a rose window in the west gable, and an angel figure on the top of the gable.
The damage caused in World War II was initially made makeshift in 1948–1954, and then completely removed in 1964. A richly decorated coffered ceiling was not restored. The last renovation of the interior was made in 1981/1982. The original, romanized painting from 1871 has been reconstructed. The wall painting in the chancel in sgraffito by Lothar Mannewitz disappeared. In 2006–2008 the roof, facade and tower were completely renovated.
inner space
The nave and the transept are flat covered. A hemispherical dome rises above the chancel, the crossing is spanned by an eight-part domed vault with angel heads. In the transept arms there are galleries , their parapets have neo-Romanesque blind arcades. During the restoration in 1982, the ornamental painting of the window reveals , the crossing arches , the crossing dome and the apse were restored. The painting in the vault shows gold stars on a blue background.
Furnishing
The pulpit and the chandelier are from the time the church was built. During the renovation carried out in 1926, the pulpit was moved from the left altar pillar into the nave. The altar and the baptismal font come from the church of Groß Lieskow near Cottbus, which, like the whole village , fell victim to open-cast brown coal mining . A gilded silver chalice with precious stones on the Nodus from 1652 belongs to the church .
organ
In 1926 the church received a new organ with a romantic sound from Friedrich Ernst Gustav Heinze . The Heinze organ Opus 145 has 36 registers with 4282 pipes . In 1965 the instrument was overhauled and redesigned. The first partial restoration took place in 2008. The restoration was finished in 2016. The organ can now be played on all registers.
Bells
The bell of the church consists of three iron bells, which are housed in the bell room behind the sound windows and tower clocks. They all ring the bell on straight yokes.
| Bell no. | Chime | Caster | Casting year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | G' | Ulrich & Weule (Apolda- Bockenem ) | 1920 |
| 2 | b ′ | ||
| 3 | d ″ |
Literature (chronological)
- Kurt Pomplun : Berlin's old village churches. Berlin 1962 (6th edition 1984), ISBN 3-7759-0261-9 .
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 .
- Ernst Badstübner , Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger: Churches in Berlin. Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-374-00171-8 .
- Institute for Monument Preservation: The architectural and art monuments in the GDR - capital Berlin II. Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-406-30425-7 .
- Renate and Ernst Oskar Petras (eds.): Old Berlin village churches. Heinrich Wohler's drawings. Berlin 1988.
- Markus Cante: Churches until 1618. In: Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (Hrsg.): Berlin and its buildings. Part VI: Sacred buildings. Berlin 1997, p. 333.
- Matthias Friske : The medieval churches on the Barnim. History - architecture - equipment. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2001 (Churches in Rural Areas, Vol. 1), ISBN 3-931836-67-3 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Munich / Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-03111-1 . (Band Berlin).
- Ulrich Waack: Church building and economy. On the relationship between structural features of medieval village churches on the Barnim and its economic and settlement history. Berlin 2009.
Web links
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- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- Evangelical Church Community in Niederschönhausen
- Pictures of Berlin village churches
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ′ 54.1 ″ N , 13 ° 24 ′ 13.9 ″ E