Friedrich Arnold (doctor)

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Friedrich Arnold, photography by Eduard Schultze
a: Philipp Friedrich Arnold, b: Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Delffs , c: Carl Gegenbaur , d: Friedrich Wilhelm Kühne
From: The teaching staff Ruperto Carola zu Heidelberg in the year 500 of its existence. Heidelberg 1886.

Philipp Friedrich Arnold (born January 8, 1803 in Edenkoben , † July 4, 1890 in Heidelberg ) was a German anatomist and physiologist .

Life

Friedrich Arnold's parents were the landowner Zacharias Arnold (1767-1840) and Susanne Margaretha († 1833), daughter of the Heidelberg pastor Konrad Ludwig Brünings. His siblings were the later physiologist Johann Wilhelm Arnold (1801–1873) and Maria Friederike, who married the Neckarau pastor Maximilian Wundt (1787–1846). Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) was his nephew.

Friedrich Arnold studied medicine from 1821 together with his older brother at the University of Heidelberg under the anatomist Friedrich Tiedemann , his demonstrator Vincenz Fohmann and Leopold Gmelin and received his doctorate in 1825 with a study of the nervous system. Together with his brother, he then visited the natural science and medical institutions in Paris. In October 1826 he became Tiedemann's auxiliary prosector , in 1828 prosector and in 1834 associate professor .

In 1830 he married Ida Eberhardine, b. Gock (1811-68). She was the daughter of the royal Württemberg court domain councilor Karl Friedrich von Gock and his wife Maria Eberhardine Sofie born. Bloest. The marriage is said to have been happy and ended in 1868 with the death of the wife. The relationship had five children, the first of which, Ida, was born on May 14, 1831 in Heidelberg. His son Julius was seventeen years old when he returned to Heidelberg in 1852, his two younger daughters Erwinia and Frida eleven and three years old.

In 1835 he was appointed full professor of anatomy and physiology at the University of Zurich , where he also served as rector in 1838 . In spring 1840 he moved to the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , and in April 1845 to the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen .

From August 1852 he was back in Heidelberg, where he was appointed full professor and director of anatomy and physiology as the successor to Jakob Henle . In 1858 he ceded physiology to Hermann von Helmholtz , who took his nephew as an assistant. Arnold focused on the anatomy of the brain and nerves. A few specimens of the brain have survived to this day. Arnold was considered "one of the greatest taxidermists" in his day. Among other things, he became prorector, member of the inner senate and dean of the medical faculty. His successor was Carl Gegenbaur (1826–1903) in April 1873 . Gegenbaur had married Arnold's daughter Ida in 1869.

In 1860 Friedrich Arnold was elected a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academy .

Friedrich Arnold was buried in the mountain cemetery in Heidelberg. He rests in the family grave where his wife Ida and his son, the pathologist Julius Arnold , also rest. The grave is located in Section F.

Scientific achievement

In Heidelberg he produced many classroom preparations , including some fiber preparations for the brain. He researched the vagus nerve, whose ramus auricularis he described. The ganglion oticum , discovered by him in 1828, is also called ganglion Arnoldi after him in the English-speaking world . There is also Arnold's canal , Arnold's nerve and Arnold's nerve cough . In 1834 he published the Icones nervorum capitis and thus began the series of Tabulae anatomicae, which had become indispensable for medicine in the 19th century .

Publications

  • Dissertatio inauguralis medica sistens observationes nonnullas neurologicas de parte cephalica nervi sympathici in homine. Osswald, Heidelberg 1826 (dissertation).
  • Description of the head part of the sympathetic nerve in the calf, together with some observations about this part in humans. In: Journal of Physiology. Vol. 2 (1826), H. 1, pp. 125-172 ( digitized version ).
  • About the ear knot. An anatomical-physiological treatise. Winter, Heidelberg 1828 ( digitized version ).
  • The head part of the vegetative nervous system in humans in anatomical and physiological terms. Groos, Heidelberg / Leipzig 1831 ( digitized version ).
  • Anatomical and physiological studies of the human eye. Groos, Heidelberg / Leipzig 1832 ( digitized ).
  • Icones nervorum capitis. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1834 ( digitized version ).
  • Comments on the Structure of the Brain and Spinal Cord. Höhr, Zurich 1838 ( digitized version ).
  • Tabulae anatomicae, quas ad naturam accurate descriptas in lucem edidit. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1838–1842 ( digitized version ).
  • Annotationes anatomicae de velamentis cerebri et medullae spinalis. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1838 ( digitized version ).
  • Illustrations of the joints and ligaments of the human body. Courtship, Stuttgart 1842.
  • with Wilhelm Arnold : Textbook of Human Physiology. 2 parts in 4 volumes. Orell Füssli, Zurich 1836–1842.
  • Manual of Human Anatomy. 2 volumes in 3 parts. Emmerling, Freiburg im Breisgau 1844–1846 ( digitized version ).
  • On the physiology of the bile. Memorandum for the 50th anniversary of Dr. Friedr. Tiedemann on behalf of med. Faculty of the University of Heidelberg. Bassermann & Mathy, Mannheim 1854 ( digitized version ).
  • About the size of the human breath. A contribution to the physiology and diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory tools. Mohr, Heidelberg 1855.
  • The physiological institute of the University of Heidelberg from 1853–1858. Mohr, Heidelberg 1858 ( digitized version ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Arnold  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ Reinhard Hildebrand: Biographical Note: Friedrich Arnold (1803-1890). In: Würzburger medical historical reports 6, 1988, pp. 323–326; here: p. 323
  2. ↑ Sara Doll: Friedrich Arnold, Neuroanatomie und Physiologie , in: Sara Doll, Joachim Kirsch and Wolfgang U. Eckart (eds.): When death serves life - the human being as teaching aid , Springer Germany 2017, p. 41/42. doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-52674-3
  3. ↑ Friedrich Arnold's entry as a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , accessed on October 30, 2017.
  4. ↑ Leena Ruuskanen: The Heidelberg Bergfriedhof through the ages . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2008.
  5. ↑ Reinhard Hildebrand (1988), p. 324
personal data
SURNAME Arnold, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arnold, Philipp Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist and physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 8, 1803
PLACE OF BIRTH Edenkoben
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1890
Place of death Heidelberg