Friedrich Karl zu Schwarzenberg
Prince Friedrich Karl zu Schwarzenberg (born September 30, 1800 in Vienna; † March 6, 1870 there ) was an Imperial Austrian major general and writer.
family
Friedrich Karl was the eldest son of Field Marshal Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg (1771–1822) and Countess Maria Anna von Hohenfeld (1768–1848), the widow of Prince Anton Esterházy . Among his brothers were Karl Philipp Borromeo (1802-1858) and the later Field Marshal Edmund zu Schwarzenberg (1803-1873).
Life
He received his military education from the Walloon officer Monsieur La Grange. He spent his youth alternately on the Bohemian Worlik estate and with Princess Grasilkovich in Hungary, who was related on the motherly side. The years 1810 to 1812, when his father stayed as ambassador in Petersburg and Paris, he spent mostly in Vienna. While his father had taken command of the Austrian corps in Poland in 1812, he returned to Bohemia with his family. He immersed himself in historical studies, preferably those of the Middle Ages. In 1815 he expanded his military training in weapons and terrain.
In the autumn of 1816 he joined the Uhlan regiment, which bore his father's name, as a private cadet and became a lieutenant in 1818 . In his cadet days he was under the strict supervision of Major Count von Clam-Martinitz , who had previously been his father's adjutant. Prince Friedrich later described this time as an excellent school in which he had learned discipline and simplicity.
In 1819 his father, who was already seriously ill, called him to Prague, the nineteen-year-old prince came to Archduke Ferdinand d'Este , the commanding general in Hungary , as orderly . As the eldest son, Friedrich would have been granted the majority of the Principality of Schwarzenberg, but in 1820 he had renounced it and left the family inheritance to his younger brother, Prince Karl II, who was already married.
In 1821 he was appointed first lieutenant in the 3rd Hussar Regiment during the campaign to Naples and assigned to the commander Baron Stutterheim as orderly . He took part in the battle at St. Germano and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Sicilian Order of St. George.
In the autumn of 1822 he was captain of the Hungarian infantry regiment Baron Duka No. 39, and in July 1824 he was appointed chief of a squadron of the 10th Hussar Regiment. Promoted to major in spring 1828 , he was transferred to the Chevauxleger Regiment Prince Hohenzollern in Mazierow in Galicia . In 1829 he stayed with his brother Karl in Prague and received the Maltese Knight's Cross, he also wanted to take his religious vows.
In June and July 1830 he took part in the expedition of the French Marshal Bourmont against Algiers . He participated in the battles of Staouli, Sidi Kalif and the siege of Sultan Kalassi and then accompanied the expedition on the Little Atlas. There was also a personal encounter with the notorious Dey of Algiers, Hussein Pascha. After a long stay in Toulon, Marseille and Paris, he returned home in 1832 after a trip to England. His health, shattered by the rigors of the last campaign and the climate, forced him to retire from active service with the rank of lieutenant colonel .
Between 1833 and 1836 he made long journeys through Germany, Greece, parts of Asia Minor and European Turkey, and returned to Vienna via Bucharest and Pest . Between 1836 and 1837 he traveled again to Germany, then the coast of Sweden and Norway. In the spring of 1838, he joined during the Spanish Civil War in the service of the throne pretender Don Carlos, of him as a colonel in the general staff hired and the corps of General Maroto allotted. He took part in the action against Estella and Balmaseda, in the forays into Navarre and accompanied an expedition Caro Merini over the Ebro . After his involuntary internment in Bordeaux , he returned home on his word of honor, via Paris to Vienna.
In 1839 the prince bought the Marienthal estate near Pressburg and lived there in seclusion. In 1843 the prince attended the maneuvers in Verona, where his traveling novel about the life of a farewell Lanzknecht was published, which secured him a place in German literature. For his voluntary assignment in Galicia in 1846, the prince was assigned as a colonel in the Imperial Hussars, but after the end of the turmoil he withdrew from it.
In the autumn of 1846 the prince supported the separatist special association of the Catholic cantons against attacks by central Switzerland. On July 24, 1847, Archduke Johann proposed Prince Friedrich Schwarzenberg to Prince Metternich, and above all else, to be in command of the Sonderbund troops. On November 17, 1847 Schwarzenberg took part in the expedition against Airolo and loyally stood by the special bundler Emanuel Müller , who was in command of the Gotthard. As an adjutant to General Salis-Soglio , he fought on November 23, 1847 in the battles of Gisikon and Meierskappel on Lake Zug, which were unfortunate for the Sonderbund . Disappointed, he escaped to Milan , where he was followed by his gun friends, General Salis and Colonel Elger.
The harbingers of the Italian revolution were already evident in Milan, so in January 1848 he issued confidential orders from Count Ficquelmont in Vienna in vain . Mourning the death of his mother on April 2nd, the prince immediately went to Tyrol to join the national defense committee there. Later assigned to Oberquartiermeister Radetzky's FML Graf Schönhals as adjutant general , his literary talent found a wide field of activity. In the summer campaign of 1849 he was assigned to the then commander-in-chief in Hungary, FML Baron Haynau, as an orderly officer and participated in the battles near Raab , Komorn and the battle near Puszta Harkaly from his headquarters .
In autumn 1849, because of his precise knowledge of Tyrol and nearby Switzerland, he was assigned to the IV Corps in Bregenz, which his younger brother, FML Prince Karl Schwarzenberg , commanded. When the latter was appointed civil and military governor of Lombardy , he accompanied him to Milan.
On March 20, 1851, Prince Friedrich was finally given the character of an imperial major general . He lived withdrawn for the following years, in the 1859 campaign he had again offered his services in vain. The “last monk of Marienthal”, as he called himself, had been ailing since 1866 and, although already broken, took part in the ceremonial unveiling of his father's monument in Vienna on October 20, 1867. The prince died in 1870 at the age of seventy after a long period of suffering.
He was briefly engaged to Princess Elisa Radziwill .
Works
- Looking back on Algiers and its conquest in 1830 (1831)
- Fragments from the diary during a trip to the Levant in 2 volumes (1837)
- From the traveling book of a farewell Lanz servant in 5 volumes (1844 and 1845)
- About the events in Galicia (1846)
- Memories of the Sonderbund War in Switzerland (1847)
- Antediluvian Fidibus Schnitzel from 1842 to 1847 - 6 Fascicles (1850)
- Postdiluvian Fidibus Carvings - 2 Fascicles (1862)
literature
- SP Scheichl: Schwarzenberg Friedrich Fürst zu (secondary school). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 12, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2001–2005, ISBN 3-7001-3580-7 , p. 18 f. (Direct links on p. 18 , p. 19 ).
- Anton Schlossar : Schwarzenberg, Friedrich Prince to . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, pp. 290-295.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schwarzenberg, Friedrich Karl too |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schwarzenberg, Friedrich Karl Fürst zu (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Imperial Austrian major general and writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 30, 1800 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 6, 1870 |
| Place of death | Vienna |