Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke

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Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke
Memorial plaque on the former home of FW Beneke, Am Plan 3, Marburg
Beneke fountain by Heinrich Jobst in Bad Nauheim, 1910
Ruins of the choir of the Franziskus Chapel in Marburg, Benekes section hall
Seehospiz Kaiserin Friedrich, Norderney, from: Die Gartenlaube (1885) b 605

Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke (born March 27, 1824 in Celle ; † December 16, 1882 in Marburg ) was a German doctor , pathologist and balneologist . He is considered to be one of the founders of the German seaside resort and in particular of the children's sanatoriums by the sea.

Life

Beneke was the son of Georg August Beneke (May 8th, 1788 Celle - July 15th, 1858 Celle), who worked in Celle as a respected lawyer, protonotary and law clerk, and of Caroline Artemisia Hansing (January 7th, 1795 Harburg - January 7th, 1875 Celle), the daughter of the mayor of Harburg, Engelhard Hansing. After graduating from high school in 1842, he studied medicine in Göttingen , received his doctorate in 1846 and then settled as a general practitioner in Celle. At the beginning of 1849 he was elected chief doctor of the German Hospital in London , where he stayed for two and a half years. During this time he got to know the first sea sanatorium in Europe for weak and scrofulous children, the "Royal Seabathing Infirmary and Royal National Hospital for Scrofula ", founded in Margate in 1796 , for a long time the only institution of this kind and little known outside of England despite notable successes. In 1850 he published his experiences there. In the fall of 1851 he returned to Germany and settled down as a general practitioner in Hanover , where he worked as a government spa doctor in Bad Rehburg in the summer months of 1852 and 1853 . In 1853 he became the personal physician of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg . In this position, Beneke was able to travel to the North Sea islands, to Wangerooge , to the Isle of Wight and to Nauheim in order to look for suitable places to found an institution based on the English model. Beneke suggested the establishment of a children's hospital in Oldenburg, which was inaugurated in 1872. In 1857, because of his qualifications in balneology, he was appointed the first well doctor in Nauheim and he was allowed to give lectures in Marburg. In 1858 he was awarded the title of Secret Medicinal Councilor. At the University of Marburg in 1858, initially on a trial basis, he was appointed director of the newly established pathological anatomical institute, in 1863 as associate professor, and in 1867 as the first full professor of pathological anatomy. In the meantime, Kurhessen had become Prussian in 1866 and Beneke had to choose between clinical work in Nauheim, now in Hesse -‐ Darmstadt, or theoretical academic work in Marburg, Prussia. Beneke initially had the recently vacated premises of the surgical clinic, the operating room in the old hospital chapel, which can still be seen today as a picturesque ruin in front of the Physiological Institute on the Pilgrimstein. In 1868 he was appointed Fürstlich Waldeckischen personal physician, in 1875 and 1880 he was dean of the medical faculty. But he was able to keep his summer balneological practice as a well doctor in Nauheim until the end of his life.

Act

Beneke left a rich body of literature. From a young age he was occupied with physical-chemical investigations and the basics of a medicine based on physiological rational foundations as well as the standardization and comparability of metrology. In this context he founded after the 29th meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Wiesbaden in the autumn of 1852 with Julius Vogel and Hermann Nasse an association whose "correspondence sheet of the association for collaborative work to promote scientific medicine" from 1853-1863 in 65 issues appeared and was continued as the "Archive of the Association for Scientific Medicine" (NF Vol. I – III, 1864–1867). Beneke is a representative of chemical-physiological scientific medicine, of counting and measuring, who quotes the Bible: "God arranged everything according to measure, number and weight". For Beneke, constitution is the size ratio of the individual anatomical apparatus, a constitutional illness is a decompensation of the deviations that lead to a disruption of the work of the organism. The "anomaly of a part of the machine in the overall performance of the machine nevertheless asserts itself, and many phenomena striking the clinician or general practitioner in the symptoms, the course or the outcome of an illness, the different resistance of the individual individuals, the different effects of the same mode of nutrition different individuals, and many other things that often seem puzzling to us, may be based in large part on such minor constitutional anomalies ... ... the time will come when the medical community as a whole will recognize that physiology, as well as pathology of man have one of their chief foundations in anthropometry. For the perfect knowledge of the machine itself and its individual parts is the indispensable precondition for the knowledge of any work and performance of it ”.

Anyone who denies such a specific healing power does not know it . (Beneke on the North Sea stay)

At the congress of the pediatric section of the Assembly of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in Berlin, Beneke, chaired by August Steffen , gave a lecture on April 5, 1880, in which he called for the establishment of accommodation for the treatment of sick, poor children on Norderney, Helgoland or Borkum , especially to treat scrofulosis and the onset of consumption in adolescents. On September 20, 1880 the “Comité for the establishment of children's sanctuaries on the North Sea” was founded, which many important doctors joined. The protectorate of this newly founded association was taken over by the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of the German Empire and of Prussia on January 11, 1882. This is how the first German lake hospice was built . In Wyk auf Föhr, Beneke laid the foundation stone for a first hospice for children on September 7, 1881. The construction work was completed by June 1883, so that initially 80 and later 270 children could spend a spa stay here. After modest beginnings in 1882, the children's hospital Seehospiz Kaiserin Friedrich was opened on Norderney on June 1, 1886 . In the following years, other children's sanctuaries for "poor scrofulous and nervous children" followed . These children's sanctuaries, which were described not only in medical journals but also in the major daily newspapers, made Beneke one of the most popular figures. His wintering on Norderney, 1881/82, with 53 patients whom he personally accompanied, examined and recorded, became legendary.

In Marburg, at Beneke's suggestion, an "institution serving to take in and care for poor physically and mentally wretched children" was set up, the Elisabethhaus. The Elisabethhaus was founded on November 19, 1879 by the charitable Elisabethverein, whose main founding member was Beneke, and which still exists today. He took over the medical supervision until his sudden death in 1882. Torn from a rich life, he died of an acute abdomen shortly after the publication of his book on the Norderney hibernation . He was unable to realize many of his plans.

The Beneke fountain on the side of the Kerckhoff Institute with the inscription FW Beneke, professor in Marburg, doctor in Bad Nauheim, founder of the spa treatment for cardiac patients and founder of the children's sanctuaries on the lake as well as the Benekestrasse in Bad Nauheim and on Norderney remind of him.

Private

Mrs. Benekes, Süsette geb. Sengstack (Bremen 1825 - Marburg 1907) outlived her husband by 25 years. Five of their six children survived, their daughter Caroline, called Lily, married Conrad Varrentrapp (August 17, 1844 Braunschweig - April 28, 1911 Marburg) Professor of History in Bonn, Strasbourg and Marburg. The son Rudolf Beneke (May 22, 1861 Marburg - April 1, 1946 Marburg) became professor of pathology in Königsberg, Marburg and Halle.

Beneke had "an excellent talent for music" . He shaped the academic musical life in Marburg. On his initiative, a concert hall in the former riding hall of the university was set up in 1876 , which the city had leased as a social building and had it set up for music and theater performances, the “hall building” . He founded an academic choral society, whose concerts he studied personally, and applied for the appointment of an academic music director.

Beneke, he campaigned for the construction of the state mental hospital in Marburg-Cappel, the first public mental hospital in the pavilion style and in 1874 for the appointment of the psychiatrist Heinrich Cramer as its director.

Works

  • De ortu et causis monstrorum disquisitio. Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 1846.
  • The phosphoric acid lime in physiological and therapeutic relation. A contribution to physiological medicine. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1850
  • Our tasks: An attempt to initiate collaborative work for rational medicine. Göttingen, near Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht 1852
  • About the effect of the North Sea bath - a physiological-chemical investigation. Göttingen Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1853
  • Physiological lectures, for friends of the natural sciences. Oldenburg: Schmidt, 1856
  • On the non-identity of cartilage, bone and connective tissue: a contribution to the criticism of cellular pathology by R. Virchow . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1859 (print from the archive for scientific medicine. Volume IV. Issue 3)
  • About Nauheim's Soolthermen and their effects on the healthy and sick human organism. Marburg: Elwert, 1859
  • Studies of the Occurrence, Distribution, and Function of Bile Constituents in Animal and Vegetable Organisms. Giessen: J. Ricker'sche Buchhandlung, 1862
  • The practical medicine of our days. 1863
  • On the question of the organization of public health care in Germany. 1872
  • Baseline of the pathology of metabolism. 1874
  • Balneological letters on the pathology and therapy of constitutional diseases. 1876
  • The anatomical foundations of constitutional anomalies in humans. Marburg: Elwert, 1878
  • The sanitary importance of the extended stay on the German North Sea islands in particular on Norderney. 1881

literature

  • Julius Leopold Pagel:  Beneke, Friedrich Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 46, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1902, p. 355.
  • Julius Pagel : Beneke, Friedrich Wilhelm . In: Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors of the nineteenth century. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1901, Sp.  132-133 .
  • Rudolf Beneke Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke as a pathologist (after a lecture given in the Society for the Promotion of the National Science of Marburg to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his death) Sudhoff's Archive for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences Vol. 27 , H. 5 (January 1935), pp. 395-464
  • Klaus Beneke Friedrich (Conrad Ludewig Anton) Wilhelm Beneke (March 27, 1824 Celle - December 16, 1882 Marburg). Biography and autobiography. Personal physician to the Duke of Oldenburg. Spa doctor in (Bad) Nauheim, professor and director of the pathological-anatomical institute of the University of Marburg, co-founder of scientific balneology and lake hospices on the North Sea coast in Germany, colloid scientist . Self-published, 2005

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (HStAMR), Best. 915 No. 5662, p. 376 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Uffelmann, J ,: About institutions and facilities for the care of poor scrofulous and weak children, in particular about lake hospices, Soolbädheilstättenen, rural sanatoriums, reconvalescence houses and holiday colonies . Dtsch Vierteljahrschr f Gesundhtspflg 12 (1880), p. 697-742
  3. ↑ Beneke, Friedrich Wilhelm: Comments on the state of health of the English coastal town of Margate and some observations made there on scrofulous children . Goettingen 1850
  4. ↑ Book of Wisdom, Chapter 11:20
  5. ^ Beneke, FW: Constitution and Constitutional Illness of Man . Elwert Marburg 1881 p.83
  6. ↑ Eye, Oliver in: 200 x bathing season. Seebad Wyk auf Föhr 1819 to 2019: Catalog for the exhibition in the Museum Art of the West Coast , Alkersum / Föhr 2019
  7. ↑ FW Beneke: The first wintering sick on Norderney. Medical report H. Braams 1882/1881, Norden u. Norderney, 1882
  8. ^ Beneke R (1939) Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke (1824–1882) Professor of Pathology . In: Ingeborg Schnack (Hrsg.), Lebensbilder from Kurhessen and Waldeck 1830–1930 . Volume 1: 15-20
personal data
SURNAME Beneke, Friedrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH March 27, 1824
PLACE OF BIRTH Celle
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1882
Place of death Marburg