Friedrichstrasse (Bayreuth)
The northern part of Friedrichstrasse in Bayreuth is the boulevard of the city with its uniformly designed sandstone buildings . It was laid out together with Jean-Paul-Platz in the middle of the 18th century and has survived essentially unchanged through the ages.
history
Under Margrave Georg Friedrich Karl , settlement activity outside the old city walls was increased. Friedrichstrasse was built south of the city on the site “in front of the New Thor”. As early as 1730, the margrave had a new city gate built at the Fronhof and a wide street laid out. It led in a straight extension of the current Sophie road to by him and conducted by Johann David Räntz built orphanage . At first it was called Neue Gasse. Those wishing to build should receive free land and a multi-year tax exemption there. However, this concept was only realized under Georg Friedrich Karl's successor, his son Friedrich .
Friedrich had the New Gate embellished and gave it his name. Until its demolition in the course of the expansion of the city in 1752, the location was called “Vorstadt vor dem Friedrichstor”, the street correspondingly “Vor dem Friedrichstor”. It has been called Friedrichstrasse since 1752.
The representative baroque street was aligned in a straight line to the distant Thiergarten Castle . Those willing to build had to bow to the guidelines of the margravial administration. A straight line of streets had to be kept , the houses were made of sandstone in massive construction and mostly had two storeys.
In 1752 the New Gate was demolished and moved to the southern end of the street, in front of the Moritzhöfen junction . In the area of houses no. 2 and 3 or 5, the old city wall was torn down and the moat partially filled.
The writer Jean Paul lived in Friedrichstrasse from 1804 until his death in 1825 . At first he lived in house number 10, from 1813 in house number 5, where he died in 1825.
In the period 1989–1990 the street was renovated. It received a pavement made of Fichtelgebirge granite , widened sidewalks with integrated bicycle paths and lighting that better suited the historical setting.
East side of the street
- Friedrichstrasse 1 and 1½: The single-storey buildings were originally car depots and now house a travel agency.
- Friedrichstrasse 3 and 5: It is a semi-detached house that was built from 1753 and has been owned by the Schwabacher family since 1817 and 1920 respectively. Jean Paul lived there from 1813 until his death in 1825.
- Friedrichstrasse 7: The so-called Ellrodtsche Gartenportikus was originally the rear entrance gate to the property of the Margravial Minister Ellrodt . After several renovations, it became a residential building. It was the headquarters of the Sigikid company . After a long vacancy, it was renovated in 2005.
- Friedrichstrasse 15: Built in 1738; Sold to the margrave in 1742, the seat of the academy founded in 1742, which, however , was relocated to Erlangen the following year due to difficulties in the coexistence of students with the population and from which the University of Erlangen emerged . From 1814 to 1841 Maria Anna Thekla Mozart , Mozart's "Bäsle", lived there with his daughter and son-in-law, who was the manager of the post office. It was rebuilt after partial destruction in World War II .
- Friedrichstrasse 17: In the back building was the first oratorio of the few Catholics - initially mainly Italian and French artists employed at the court - in Bayreuth. It served as such from 1749 to 1813, when the Catholics received their own church after the Margraviate Bayreuth was sold to Bavaria . The oratory was built by Joseph Saint-Pierre on the condition that the building should not be recognizable as a church. For this reason he had to divide the already completed high windows horizontally with sandstone bars.
- Jean-Paul-Platz: This square divides the eastern row of houses into two parts; Ludwigstrasse ends there. Since 1841, instead of a fountain, there has been a Jean Paul monument erected by order of the Bavarian King Ludwig I. In 1934 it had to give way to the increasing traffic and was moved to the northern half of the square. In the course of the renovation of Friedrichstrasse and Jean-Paul-Platz, it was returned to its original location in 1991.
- Ludwigstraße 31: Built as a margravial riding hall by Joseph Saint-Pierre around 1748, the hall was extended in 1761 and used as a theater. In July 1870 the Liederkranz, founded in 1844, wanted to organize the third Franconian national singers' festival there, but due to the abrupt start of the war it was canceled at short notice. In the Third Reich , the hall was expanded by the National Socialists as a meeting and festival hall and was later named Ludwig-Siebert-Festhalle after the Bavarian NSDAP Prime Minister Ludwig Siebert . An organ gallery and two galleries on the long sides were built in, so that a total of 2000 people could find space. In addition, the so-called balcony room and a porch facing Jean-Paul-Platz, which has been the main entrance since then, were built. Shortly before the end of the Second World War , the building burned down, only the outer walls remained. From 1950 it served as a makeshift cinema and since 1965 it has been the Bayreuth town hall.
- Friedrichstrasse 19: Originally the head stableman's house , today an insurance building.
- Friedrichstrasse 21: Treskow-Palais, built in 1752.
- Friedrichstrasse 23–27: Three identical, adjoining houses under a row of roofs, in No. 23 the restaurant “Mann's Bräu”.
West side of the street
- Friedrichstrasse 2: Liebhardtsches Palais, today the Steingraeber House , seat of the Steingraeber & Sons piano factory
- Friedrichstrasse 10: until 1813 Jean Paul's residence
- Friedrichstraße 14: initially orphanage, then high school, now administration building (initially health department, now police building)
- Friedrichstrasse 16: formerly von-Meyernsches-Palais, built in 1750 according to plans by Joseph Saint-Pierre for Johann Gottlob von Meyern , then seat of the Academy of Liberal Arts and Sciences, which only existed from 1756 to 1763; since 1949 seat of the administrative court ; the adjoining building was temporarily stables for officer horses of the 6th Bavarian Chevauleger Regiment stationed in Bayreuth ; after renovation it is now the auxiliary building II of the district court.
- Friedrichstraße 18: Originally a stately Mulzhaus, from 1761 under the supervision of Carl von Gontard it was converted into a representative mansion. From 1842 to approx. 1975 school, finally the municipal business school and temporarily the city library. Cored 1982/83; converted into the District Court Building II while maintaining the outer facade.
- Friedrichstraße 20: This house completes the development from the margravial time. The architect was court builder Mader. It is used for residential purposes.
- Friedrichstrasse 22: The Friedrichstor and the paving customs house were located there. The latter was demolished in 1891.
Friedrichstrasse at dusk
Main facade of the von Meyernschen Palais, administrative court since 1949
Ellrodtscher garden portico , Friedrichstrasse 7
Former Wagenremise (Friedrichstrasse 1½) and Friedrichstrasse 3 and 5 (Jean-Paul-Haus)
Southern Friedrichstrasse " extra muros "
Web links
literature
- Kurt Herterich: In historic Bayreuth . Verlag Ellwanger, Bayreuth 1998, ISBN 3-925361-35-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Will of Poswik, Herbert Conrad: Bayreuth . Druckhaus Bayreuth, Bayreuth 1974, p. 12 .
- ^ A b Rosa and Volker Kohlheim: Bayreuth from AZ. Lexicon of Bayreuth street names . Rabenstein, Bayreuth 2009, ISBN 978-3-928683-44-9 , pp. 47 .
- ↑ Friedrichstrasse in new splendor in: Nordbayerischer Kurier of July 21, 2015, p. 10.
- ↑ Eva-Maria Bast, Heike Thissen: Bayreuth Secrets . 1st edition. Bast Medien Service, Überlingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-9816796-1-8 , p. 32 .
- ↑ Eva-Maria Bast, Heike Thissen: Bayreuth Secrets , p. 34 ff.
- ↑ Bernd Mayer : Bayreuth as it was. Flash lights from the city's history 1850–1950 . 2nd Edition. Gondrom, Bayreuth 1981, p. 33 f .
- ↑ Kurt Herterich : In the historic Bayreuth , p. 130.
- ↑ Kurt Herterich: In the historic Bayreuth , p. 132.