Moritzhöfen

Moritzhöfen street with the house where Wilhelm Leuschner was born and the "Plectrum"

Moritzhöfen is the name of a district of the city of Bayreuth .

location

Plan of Moritzhöfen

Moritzhöfen - the name is mostly used in the feminine singular - is located on the southern edge of the historic city center . It borders on the district of Birken , the Röhrenseepark and the barracks district . The historic axis of the district is the Moritzhöfen street of the same name. The lowest point is the valley of the Sendelbach , from where the terrain gradually rises in a southerly direction and a little stronger to the west. The second river is the Aubach , coming from the Röhrensee , which has flowed underground into the Sendelbach since the Wittelsbacher Ring was built.

Historically, properties on Friedrichstrasse and Jean-Paul-Strasse (formerly Schrollengasse), which are now part of the city ​​center , belong to Moritzhöfen.

Surname

A document from 1398 traces the name "Marolczhofe" back to mar-halta , which means bog wood. The occasional "Moratzhöfen" form could have something to do with the morass of the swampy area around the Aubach estuary.

The first city book from 1463 names the small suburb "Maroltzhoven". Today the general explanation is that the original owner of a farm there was named Marold or Marolt. This old German name was no longer in use in the Bayreuth area in the 15th century. This is how the name “Moratzhof” and the name “Morizhof”, documented in 1554, developed.

history

Map from 1854

Sendelbachbrücke, on the right the "Gontard-Haus"

The time when the hamlet was founded is not known. One of the first known owners was Götz von Blassenberg, who fought over ownership with the city of Bayreuth for ten years from 1485. 1495 he received from Margrave Frederick II. Moritzstraße farms as fief back.

During the occupation of the city by Count Heinrich Reuss von Plauen in 1553, the residents burned their own houses to take the enemies' support. The Thirty Years War also affected the small town outside the city walls. Margrave Friedrich III. expanded the ring of the city ​​wall so that the Moritzhöfen was near the "New Thor" from 1730 and immediately in front of the "Friedrichs Thor" from 1752 until it was demolished in 1851. In contrast to the short-lived predecessor, the latter was not a city ​​gate in the narrower sense, and the city wall had not been extended to that point.

From 1794, 21 residential buildings and 18 other buildings in Moritzhöfen have come down to us. The inhabitants were "fellow citizens" of the city and "parish" in its church. Although they did not have their own church, the Möritzhöfer celebrated their Kärwa (parish fair ) in August for decades .

description

Moritzhöfen 17 at Wittelsbacherring

Moritzhöfen 10, in the background Moritzhöfen 19

Moritzhöfen 12, once the Rosa Weiß grocery store

Shooting house of the "Schützengesellschaft Moritzhöfen"

The smaller part of the district lies north of the Sendelbach, where Moritzhöfen street branches off from Friedrichstrasse. Due to its function as the only country road going south, the gate guard and paving customs house stood there until 1891. The Bergles-Seeser-Hof (Friedrichstraße 39) was the oldest existing farm in Moritzhöfen until it was demolished in 2012. The Baptist Community Center is located at No. 24 Friedrichstrasse ; the old building acquired in 1890 was replaced by a new building in 1969.

On the north bank of the Sendelbach, right by the bridge, there is Moritzhöfen 7, a house built by Carl von Gontard , which has, however, been extensively changed. A tannery was housed in its rear building until the end of the 19th century .

A wooden footbridge led across the Sendelbach, which was replaced in 1793 by a sandstone bridge with three culverts and paving. Until 1975 the traffic flowed there to Rathenaustraße in the direction of Bamberg . After the Wittelsbacher Ring was built, this passage was closed to motor vehicles.

In the southern section of the Moritzhöfen street, only part of the old buildings have been preserved. A narrow spur road branched off near the bridge with the houses Moritzhöfen 9 to 11 1/2. The water of the Moritzbrunnen located there, also called “Herziges Brünnlein”, was said to have healing properties. After the failure of the city's water supply towards the end of the Second World War , it gained special importance as the only water tap for the surrounding houses. This ensemble was demolished for the construction of the four-lane Wittelsbacher Ring in 1975/76. In this context, the confluence of the Rathenau- (demolition of the Moritzhöfen 4 property) and the abandoned Leonrodstraße were also heavily redesigned.

The property No. 17 of the farmer , wagon owner and district original Peter Steeger, who died at the end of the 1950s, still exists ; it currently houses a paint shop. In the further course of the street, many buildings fell victim to the pickaxe, for example houses number 6 (replaced by new buildings), 8 (Schmidt restaurant) and 10 (Schmidt brewery, partially demolished in 1984). The brewing tradition in Moritzhöfen began in the early 19th century and ended after the First World War ; the old brewhouse served as a cooperage until around 1960 . There was another public fountain at the brewery's sandstone barn.

The Schmidt restaurant (“Bierschmidt”) with beer garden and bowling alley was also popular with festival artists . The restaurant was known beyond the district for the carp served there from its own pool, the nearby streams and the Rohrensee. In 1926 the “Moritzhöfen Shooting Society” built their shooting range here, the building of which still exists.

Get also remained the brownstone Moritzhöfen 12, where from 1935 to 1986, the colonial goods trader Pink White peddled their wares. Her grandfather Andreas Weiß, who lived there until 1951, was the last Bayreuth postillon . For more than 50 years, the world traveler, writer and great-grandson of Jean Paul , Friedrich Kallenberg, lived diagonally opposite in house number 19 . The brick building no. 21, the residential building of a former nursery, is still there. The St. Martin's Catholic retirement and nursing home, which opened in the summer of 1969 with 173 places, is located on the nursery grounds.

There, Peter-Rossegger-Straße branches off to the west and a footpath opposite. Moritzhöfen street climbs slightly in a bend. On the east side, the Moritzhöfen farm has given way to 23 new buildings. Wilhelm Leuschner was born in house No. 25 in 1890 and has housed the Wilhelm Leuschner Memorial since 2003. House No. 29 with the “Plectrum” pub is also an old building. Behind it, in the former VfR Bayreuth sports center, the independent children's and parents' center “Mama Mia” has been built, and football was played on the meadow below from 1960 to the mid-1980s.

The opposite terrain was rebuilt with rental houses at the end of the 1960s. Until April 1967 there was the Hagengut, the house of the "first legally qualified mayor of Bayreuth" Erhard Hagen von Hagenfels , in whose garden the "poet's pavilion" Jean Pauls , which was destroyed at the same time, stood.

Rathenaustraße, rising towards the west, was called Kasern (en )straße from 1899 to 1937 and, from the intersection with Ludwig-Thoma-Straße, belongs to the adjacent barracks district. The Peter-Rossegger-Straße branches off from here and, after a right-angled bend, leads to the Moritzhöfen street, the northern section of which was initially called Köllestraße. It is directly adjacent to a barracks area that was used by the US armed forces after 1945 and is also called "Gambrinusgässlein" after a restaurant that was formerly located there.

Today's Köllestrasse branches off from Peter-Rossegger-Strasse and then joins it again. In the 1960s, on the site of the high-rise Köllestrasse 5, there was still the tiny house of a nursery owner, whose operation extended to the border of the "Bierschmidt" property.

traffic

Until the Wittelsbacher Ring was built, the Moritzhöfen road was part of the country road towards Gesees and Pottenstein . This function was taken over by the parallel Ludwig-Thoma-Straße. Local public transport bus stops only exist in the adjacent areas of the birch and barracks district.

literature

• Kurt Herterich: Southern Bayreuth . 2nd Edition. Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2009, ISBN 3-925361-26-X .
• Herbert Popp: Bayreuth - rediscovered . Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2007, ISBN 978-3-925361-60-9 .

Web links

Commons : Moritzhöfen (Bayreuth)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Herbert Popp: Bayreuth - newly discovered, p. 374
2. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, p. 8
3. ↑ ^{a b} Rosa and Volker Kohlheim: Bayreuth von AZ, p. 87
4. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, p. 7
5. ↑ Karl Müssel: Bayreuth in eight centuries, p 54
6. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, p. 21 u. 30th
7. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, pp. 28/29
8. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, p. 26
9. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, pp. 30/31
10. ↑ 50 years ago in: Nordbayerischer Kurier of October 7, 2019, p. 8.
11. ↑ Website of the city of Bayreuth ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 25, 2013. 
12. ↑ Mama Mia's homepage , accessed on May 14, 2018.
13. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Südliches Bayreuth, p. 58.
14. ↑ Bernd Mayer: Bayreuth in the twentieth century , p. 119.
15. ↑ Bernd Mayer: Bayreuth in the twentieth century , p. 111.