Dürschnitz

Dürschnitz (historically also: Tirschnitz) is the name of a district of the city of Bayreuth .

Former main axis lower Königsallee (until approx. 1939: Dürschnitz)

location

Plan of the Dürschnitz

The Dürschnitz lies east of the historic city center . It is roughly bordered by the Mühlkanal of the Red Main , Friedrich-Ebert-Straße, the Neue Heimat district and the Hohenzollernring. The upper section of the street of the same name Dürschnitz (which was renamed Königsallee around 1939) was the main axis of the quarter until 1967. It led from the Äußere Badstrasse to the railroad crossing, which was abandoned in 1967, and after a right-angled bend continued to the Jean-Paul-Schule. The last-mentioned section is today the beginning of the Königsallee, the first-mentioned became Miedelstraße up to the intersection with the Wieland-Wagner-Straße.

The terrain is divided into two largely horizontal levels and a slope that connects them. The upper part of Dürschnitz includes Königsallee and Graserstraße, the lower part Miedelstraße, Hübschstraße and part of Äußere Badstraße. There, on the not clearly defined border with the Flößanger area, lies the municipal fairground. To the north and south of the development there were mainly marshland and several artificially created fish ponds, including the Eimersweiher fed by the Tappert .

Running waters were the Mühlkanal , where the municipal wooden garden was located on an artificial island, and the Tappert, a narrow, open canal that, coming from the Glasenweiher, bent to the west at Graserstrasse and led along the edge of the slope into the city center.

history

Dürschnitz with Kreuzstein and Frankengut before 1864

Until the incorporation in 1939, the area of ​​the district belonged to the previously independent communities of Sankt Johannis and Colmdorf .

The name Dürschnitz is probably of Wendish origin (see Bavaria Slavica ). The nucleus was the Dürschnitz-Hof, a large property on the eastern edge of the city. It was split up in the 15th century, and the buildings were burned to the ground in 1553 during a siege of the city. In 1626 Maria , wife of Margrave Christian , bought the farm and five years later bought additional land there. The later Frankengut and the Kreuzstein also belonged to Dürschnitz before Margrave Christian Ernst had the property demolished.

One of the preserved buildings from that time is the old tap tavern, the place where Prussian advertisers stayed for a long time . Since the Dürschnitz was administered by Sankt Johannis, it had to get its beer from the local brewery . The pub with the official name of the green tree was popularly known as (Zum) "Backsta" (brick = brick). In October 1806 a stranger had thrown bricks from under the protection of a hedge at the advancing French troops. Although it did no harm, it had put the city in a delicate position. In the last few years of its existence, the Backsta acted as a rock pub with live music and finally closed its doors in 2011.

On July 28, 1866, Prussian and Bavarian troops faced each other on the Dürschnitz in the course of the Austro- Prussian War . A seven-hour armistice was agreed, and the next day the Bavarians were defeated at Seybothenreuth .

There is evidence of a park in Dürschnitz as early as 1745, called Miedels-Gut or Miedel'scher Garten. There was Jean Paul a welcome and frequent guest. The small park was redesigned in 1987/88 and has been open to the public ever since. The house changed hands several times and has not been in the original since the 1920s. Historical buildings on Königsallee, some of which were only demolished in the 1980s, have also disappeared, including the margraves' hunting stables. In their place are now modern residential buildings. Opposite as well as in Graserstraße and the remaining Dürschnitz street, older buildings from the Wilhelmine era , some in Art Nouveau style , have been preserved. Three of these houses were placed under monument protection.

The area around Hübschstraße was built on with large apartment blocks in the 1960s.

Educational institutions

Royal Teachers Training Institute, 1895

Margravine Wilhelmine High School

Jean Paul School

At the eastern end of the Dürschnitz, the "Royal Teachers Training Institute" was opened in 1895. The 750.00 mark expensive building was initially used to train Protestant elementary school teachers. The teacher training college became the college for teacher training in 1936, in 1942 a teacher training college for girls, in 1956 the institute for teacher training and in 1958 the pedagogical college of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (from 1964 at a new location). In September 1949, a secondary school was attached to the teacher training institute, the successor of which continues to exist in the representative building as the Margravine Wilhelmine High School (1953–1965 "German High School") with boarding school . During the First World War , the building served as a military hospital (reserve hospital Bayreuth I), as well as during the Second World War .

In 1936 a 16-class practice school of the college for teacher training was built next door, the four-class predecessor of which was housed in an extension of the teachers' college. From the end of the war until 1948 the building was used as a refugee hospital, the classes were temporarily outsourced. In 1962, the practice school was renamed the Jean Paul School, the fact that Jean Paul often passed there on his way to Rollwenzelei prompted the city council to give it this name.

traffic

In 1863 the Weiden – Bayreuth railway line was opened, which cuts through the western edge of the area, partly on a heaped embankment. In 1877 the railway to Nuremberg was added in parallel , from which the lines to Hollfeld (1904) and Thurnau (1909) later branched off at Kreuzstein .

Up until 1967, the upper street Dürschnitz (from around 1939: Königsallee) was an extension of Richard-Wagner-Straße as Bundesstraße 22, the main artery towards the east. The traffic in the direction of Kemnath and Weiden crossed the two tracks of the four railway lines near the Backsta. Accordingly, traffic jams there often, especially since the barriers were often closed for a long time to allow several trains to pass one after the other. Immediately to the west of the level crossing, the combined federal highways  2 and 85 branched off with Nürnberger Straße as an arterial road to the south.

This obstacle to car traffic on all three federal highways crossing the city was replaced in 1967 by an underpass about 150 meters north of it. The newly built Wieland-Wagner-Straße leads diagonally up the slope and reaches Königsallee in front of the Markgräfin-Wilhelmine-Gymnasium. At the location of the level crossing there was an underpass for pedestrians, which from 1966 onwards deprived students coming from the west of a credible excuse for being late.

The Wieland-Wagner-Straße bus stop for city ​​bus routes 302 and 307 is located in the district. The Dürschnitz stop served by routes 304 and 311 is west of the railway line and can only be reached from the east through the two underpasses. Time and again, a Dürschnitz railway stop is required, which would better link public transport and save time-consuming detours. In its catchment area there are several secondary schools, including the Graf-Münster-Gymnasium , as well as various meeting and sports facilities.

Trade and commerce

The building of the former Prellmühle stands at the confluence of Miedelstrasse and Äußere Badstrasse. The Mühlkanal used to be a timber industry, the wood from the Trifth came there via the Warme Steinach and the Red Main from the Fichtelgebirge . The numerous fish ponds had another economic function.

In the 1960s, there was a grocery store, two bakeries, a butcher's and a dairy shop in the busy Königsallee, which soon had to close due to the relocation of traffic from 1967 onwards.

There is a car dealership and two petrol stations in the neighborhood, and another immediately west of the level crossing disappeared with the construction of the Hohenzollernring. In the former Prellmühle there is a specialty store for pet food.

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  Current street Dürschnitz

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  Graserstrasse

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  Miedelstrasse with the former impact mill

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  Apartment blocks on Hübschstrasse

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  Flea market on the Volksfestplatz with the back of the Markgräfin-Wilhelmine-Gymnasium

literature

• Kurt Herterich: In eastern Bayreuth . Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2002, ISBN 3-925361-42-1 .
• Herbert Popp: Bayreuth - rediscovered . Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2007, ISBN 978-3-925361-60-9 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Herbert Popp: Bayreuth - newly discovered , p. 307 ff.
2. ↑ Rosa and Volker carbon home: Bayreuth from AZ. Lexicon of Bayreuth street names . Rabenstein, Bayreuth 2009, ISBN 978-3-928683-44-9 , pp. 72 .
3. ^ Kurt Herterich: Im eastern Bayreuth , p. 142.
4. ^ Kurt Herterich: Im eastern Bayreuth , p. 145.
5. ↑ Nordbayerischer Kurier: Kehraus in the music bar Backsta ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 24, 2013 
6. ^ Preussens Sieg, Ludwigs Triumph at nordbayerischer-kurier.de, accessed on July 28, 2016
7. ↑ Bernd Mayer : Bayreuth as it was. Flash lights from the city's history 1850–1950 . 2nd Edition. Gondrom, Bayreuth 1981, p. 70 .
8. ↑ Bernd Mayer: Bayreuth in the twentieth century , p. 86.
9. ↑ Bernd Mayer: Bayreuth in the twentieth century , p. 102.
10. ^ Kurt Herterich: Im eastern Bayreuth , p. 157.
11. ↑ Arno Kröniger : Bareith is copper! Akron, Bayreuth 2011, ISBN 3-9808215-6-0 , p. 31 f .
12. ^ Kurt Herterich: Im eastern Bayreuth , p. 160.
13. ↑ Kurt Herterich: Im eastern Bayreuth , p. 140.
14. ↑ Fichtelgebirgsexpress: Partial renovation of the Fichtelgebirgsbahn offers opportunities that can be used ( memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 24, 2013