Garrison Church (Berlin)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Second garrison church, around 1736

The Garrison Church (also called Old Garrison Church) in Berlin was a Protestant church for the soldiers of the local garrison in Berlin-Mitte . The ruins of the building that burned out during World War II were removed in 1962.

The sacred building stood on the area of ​​today's Litfaß-Platz , which got its name in January 2011 in connection with the development of the Hackescher Quartier south of the Hackescher Markt S-Bahn station . The garrison church square to the northwest was built in August 1999. During the GDR era, there was a sports field on the cleared area behind the former Marx-Engels-Platz S-Bahn station (since 1992: Hackescher Markt station).

Church buildings

First church building 1701 to 1720

1701–1703 the first garrison church in Brandenburg was built under King Friedrich I by the master builder Martin Grünberg . It was destroyed by the explosion of the powder tower on August 12, 1720.

Second church building from 1720 to 1962

The second church was built in 1720–1722 by the master builder Johann Philipp Gerlach . Now he no longer received a tower, not even a roof turret . This simple appearance corresponded to the Calvinist understanding of rule of King Friedrich Wilhelm I. The church was rebuilt several times in the following period and adapted to the needs of its users and the respective time, so in 1863 by August Stüler . In 1873 555 coffins were transferred from the church's grave vaults. Adolph Menzel recorded the recovery and opening of the coffins in a series of pencil drawings with portraits of corpses .

Cross-section after the renovation of Stüler's 1863
Rebuilt garrison church (right), 1910

After the interior was redesigned in the years 1899–1900, the church burned down completely on April 13, 1908. The cause of the fire disaster was the defective overheated engine of an organ . The restoration of the 2700-person church took place by August 1909.

During the Second World War , the church burned down completely in the Allied air raid on November 23, 1943 after a bomb hit. After the war, the undestroyed crypts were plundered several times. The remains of the approximately 200 people buried there were collected in 47 coffins in 1949 and reburied in a communal grave in the south-west cemetery Stahnsdorf in the Epiphany block, field 1a. The church ruins, of which the outer walls remained standing up to the eaves, were demolished in 1962.

The Predigerhaus ( Frommel House) on Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse (then: Neue Friedrichstrasse ) and the old garrison cemetery have been preserved .

The motto in golden letters above the entrance portal from 1720 became famous: an eagle with NON SOLI CEDIT ( Latin : He does not give way to the sun) - the Prussian eagle does not give way to the Sun King's claim to power ( Louis XIV of France).

Furnishing

Bells

In the church building there was, among other things, a bell chamber with a square floor plan (inner side length 4.30 m). This housed a two-part ringing made of cast steel bells that had been cast in the Bochum association in the 1890s. An inventory list of the foundry contains the following information: the ensemble of bells with clapper, bearings, axes and chime levers cost 2,525 marks to manufacture  (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 18,000 euros).

Bell plan
size Chime Weight
(kg)		 Lower
diameter (
mm)		 Height
(mm)		 inscription
greatest e 1124 1387 1225 unknown
smallest G 0699 1170 1040 unknown
Organ of the Garrison Church, 1737

In the nave

The interior of the church was characterized by an apse with tall picture windows, a high altar , a pulpit and a monumental row of columns that supported the ribbed vault of the main nave . In the side aisles there were boxes with side galleries above them. The first building did not contain an organ.

Organs

The second church building received an organ from the organ builder Joachim Wagner from 1724 to 1726 . She had the following disposition :

Disposition 1726
I Pages CD – c 3
Quintadena 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Gedact 08th'
Salicional 08th'
Octava 04 ′
Fugara 04 ′
Quinta 03 ′
Octav 02 ′
Forest flute 02 ′
Sifflöt 01'
Scharff V 01 1 ⁄ 2  ′
Cimbel III 01'
Trumpet I-II 08th'
II Middle Clavier CD – c 3
Drone 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Pipe flute 08th'
Viol di gamb 08th'
Octava 04 ′
Traverse 04 ′
Spitzfloet 04 ′
Quinta 03 ′
Octav 02 ′
Cornett V (from c1)
Sharff VI 01 1 ⁄ 2  ′
Mixture IV 01'
bassoon 16 ′
III Oberwerk CD – c 3
Gedact 8th'
Quintadena 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Rohrfloet 4 ′
Nassat 3 ′
Octav 2 ′
Flageolet 2 ′
Tertia 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Quinta 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′
Cimbel IV 1'
Vox humana 8th'
Pedal CD – d 1
Principal 16 ′
Violon 16 ′
Octava 08th'
Gemshorn 08th'
Quinta 06 ′
Octav 04 ′
Night horn 04 ′
Quinta 03 ′
Mixture VIII 02 ′
Trumpet 32 ′
Trumpet 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
Cleron 04 ′

A second organ was built in 1892/93 by Wilhelm Sauer . With 70 stops on three manuals, it was the largest organ in Berlin at the time and the second largest that Sauer had built until then. The action was purely pneumatic. The crescendo roller , which was freely adjustable, was particularly emphasized : on the upper edge of the gaming table there were 70 register buttons corresponding to the respective registers. When the crescendo roller was operated, registers could be switched off in a targeted manner. The organ had the following disposition:

Disposition 1892
I Manual C – f 3
1. Principal 16 ′
2. Drone 16 ′
3. Principal 08th'
4th Double flute 08th'
5. Flûte harmonique 08th'
6th Viola di gamba 08th'
7th Dumped 08th'
8th. Gemshorn 08th'
9. Quintatön 08th'
10. Octave 04 ′
11. Reed flute 04 ′
12. Pointed flute 04 ′
13. Intoxicating fifth 02 2 ⁄ 2  ′
14th Seventh and third 02 2 ⁄ 7  ′ +  3 1 ⁄ 5  ′
15th Mixture III 02 ′
16. Sharp V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Cornett III-IV 04 ′
18th Bombard 16 ′
19th Trumpet 08th'
20th Clarine 04 ′
II Manual C – f 3
21st Salicional 16 ′
22nd Drone 16 ′
23. Principal 08th'
24. Reed flute 08th'
25th Salicional 08th'
26th Transverse flute 08th'
27. Dulciana 08th'
28. Octave 04 ′
29 Gemshorn 04 ′
30th Flauto dolce 04 ′
31. Piccolo 02 ′
32. Intoxicating fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
33. Mixture III 02 ′
34. Cornett IV 04 ′
35. bassoon 16 ′
36. Clarinet 08th'
III Swell C – f 3
37. Violin principal 16 ′
38. Darling Dumped 16 ′
39. Principal 08th'
40. Pointed flute 08th'
41. Darling Dumped 08th'
42. Concert flute 08th'
43. Viola di gamba 08th'
44. Aeoline 08th'
45. Voix céleste 08th'
46. Prefix 04 ′
47. Transverse flute 04 ′
48. viola 04 ′
49. Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
50. Flautino 02 ′
51. Mixture IV 02 ′
52. Trumpet 08th'
53. oboe 08th'
Pedal C – d 1
54. Contrabass 32 ′
55. Principal 16 ′
56. Violon 16 ′
57. Sub bass 16 ′
58. Darling Dumped 16 ′
59. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
60. Octavbass 08th'
61. violoncello 08th'
62. Bass flute 08th'
63. Dulciana 08th'
64. Fifth 05 1 ⁄ 3  ′
65. Octave 04 ′
66. third 03 1 ⁄ 5  ′
67. Contraposaune 32 ′
68. trombone 16 ′
69. Trumpet 08th'
70. Clarine 04 ′
  • Coupling : II / I; III / I; III / II; I / P; II / P; III / P.
  • Playing aids : Mezzoforte; Forte; Tutti; Pipe mills; Viol voices; Flutes voices.

The organ, which was rebuilt after the fire disaster in 1901, was based strongly on the arrangement of 1892. The new organ was planned as follows:

Disposition 1892
I Manual C – f 3
1. Principal 16 ′
2. Drone 16 ′
4th Principal 08th'
5. Double flute 08th'
6th Viola di gamba 08th'
7th Flûte harmonique 08th'
8th. Dumped 08th'
9. Gemshorn 08th'
10. Quintatön 08th'
12. Octave 04 ′
13. Reed flute 04 ′
14th Pointed flute 04 ′
16. octave 02 ′
17th Intoxicating fifth 02 2 ⁄ 2  ′
18th Mixture III
19th Sharp V
20th Cornett III-IV 04 ′
3. Bombard 16 ′
11. Trumpet 08th'
15th Clarine 04 ′
II Manual C – f 3
21st Violin principal 16 ′
22nd Drone 16 ′
23. Principal 08th'
24. Reed flute 08th'
25th Salicional 08th'
26th Transverse flute 08th'
27. Viola d'amour 08th'
30th Octave 04 ′
31. Gemshorn 04 ′
32. Flauto dolce 04 ′
33. Piccolo 02 ′
34. Intoxicating fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
35. Mixture III 02 ′
36. Cornett IV 04 ′
28. tuba 08th'
29 English horn 08th'
III Swell C – f 3
37. Lovely Gedackt 16 ′
38. Principal 08th'
39. Pointed flute 08th'
40. Darling Dumped 08th'
41. Concert flute 08th'
42. shawm 08th'
43. Aeoline 08th'
44. Heavenly Voice 08th'
45. Quintatön 08th'
47. Transverse flute 04 ′
48. viola 04 ′
49. Prefix 04 ′
50. Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
51. Flautino 02 ′
52. Mixture IV 02 ′
46. Trumpet 08th'
Pedal C – d 1
54. double bass 32 ′
55. Principal 16 ′
56. Violon 16 ′
57. Sub bass 16 ′
58. Lovely Gedackt 16 ′
60. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
61. Octavbass 08th'
62. violoncello 08th'
63. Bass flute 08th'
64. Dulciana 08th'
66. Fifth 05 1 ⁄ 3  ′
67. Octave 04 ′
69. third 03 1 ⁄ 5  ′
70. Large = cymbals III
53. Counter trumpet 32 ′
59. trombone 16 ′
65. Trumpet 08th'
68. Clarine 04 ′
  • Coupling : II / I; III / I; III / II; I / P; II / P; III / P.
  • Playing aids : Mezzoforte, Forte and Fortissimo for I., II. And III. Manual; Pianissimo, piano, mezzoforte, forte and fortissimo for the pedal; Tutti; Pipe mills; Roll sills for the whole plant; Piano = pedal with release; Push button for the musical accessories.

Berlin garrison preacher at the old garrison church

Remains of the garrison church

Adolph Menzel: crypt under the garrison church in Berlin , 1873; Pencil, 23.8 × 33.2 cm. Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett

In 1998, remains of the northeast corner of the enclosure wall and walls of the crypt system were found during civil engineering work. The altar plate of the church was also recovered. The remains of the foundation are now a listed building.

Other Berlin garrison churches

In the second half of the 19th century, the following were built for the greatly enlarged army :

literature

Church building

  • Förderverein (ed.): The old Berlin garrison cemetery . Haude & Spener, Berlin 1995.
  • Barbara Kündiger, Dieter Weigert: The eagle does not give way to the sun - 300 years of the Berlin garrison church . Quintessenz, Berlin 2004 ( garnisonfriedhof-berlin.de ).

organ

  • Johann Friedrich Walther : The, In the Königl. Garrison Church in Berlin, located new organ, like the same, built according to their external and internal quality, described with little, and together with a short preface, On the use, art and excellence of the organs, handed over for printing . Berlin 1726 ( online [PDF; 147 kB ]).
  • Heinrich Reimann : The new organ in the Berlin garrison = church . In: Urania . tape 49 , no. 8 , 1892, p. 57 f .

Web links

Commons : Garrison Church  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Compilation of the bells delivered to Berlin and the surrounding area ; Bochum Association, around 1900. In the archive of the Köpenick Church of St. Josef, viewed on August 6, 2019.
  2. ^ Postcard from the inside of the garrison church in Neue Friedrichstrasse ; accessed on August 9, 2019,
  3. ↑ Heinrich Reimann : The new organ in the Berlin garrison = church . In: Urania . tape 49 , no. 8 , 1892, p. 57 f .
  4. ↑ Four new organ works by the king. prussia. Court organ builder and academic artist Wilhelm Sauer in Frankfurt a./O. In: Urania . tape 49 , no. 1 , 1892, p. 4 .
  5. ↑ The Royal Prussian court organ builder Wilhelm Sauer in Frankfurt a. O. recent activity . In: Urania . tape 58 , 1901, pp. 44 .
  6. ↑ a b Garrison Church. luise-berlin.de, accessed on December 25, 2012.
  7. ↑ a b Berlin garrison church with garrison school. berlinintensiv.de, accessed on December 25, 2012.
  8. ↑ a b The eagle does not give way to the sun - 300 years of the Berlin garrison church in the Brandenburg countryside. ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. garnisonfriedhof-berlin.de, accessed on December 25, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.garnisonfriedhof-berlin.de
  9. ↑ https://www.garnisonfriedhofberlin.de/biographien-ak/
  10. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 18.6 ″  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 12.6 ″  E