Friedrich August Stüler

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Friedrich August Stüler, 1863

Friedrich August Stüler (born January 28, 1800 in Mühlhausen / Thuringia , † March 18, 1865 in Berlin ) was a German architect who, as a high-ranking Prussian building official, was one of the most important builders of his time. The Neues Museum in Berlin is considered to be his most important creation . The dome on the triumphal arch of the main portal of the Berlin Palace with the palace chapel is also his work.

Life

Friedrich August Stüler, 1840

Friedrich August Stüler came from an old patrician family. His ancestors were influential merchants and senators and councilors of the city of Mühlhausen in Thuringia. The Lutheran hymn poet Ludwig Helmbold is also one of his ancestors. His parents were Johann Gottfried Stüler (1753–1821) and Johanna Friedericke Henriette Stüler born. Reinhold (1773-1827).

Stüler studied in Berlin from 1818 and was one of Karl Friedrich Schinkel's students . In 1829 and 1830 he toured France and Italy with his friend Eduard Knoblauch and the Dresden architect Woldemar Hermann (1807–1878), whom he had met in Berlin . He traveled to Russia with Heinrich Strack in 1831 . He then became court building inspector and, in 1832, Prussian court building officer and director of the palace building commission. In 1837 he made plans to rebuild the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg . However, these were not carried out because Tsar Nicholas I had the originally baroque palace rebuilt instead of the new romantic neo-renaissance building planned by Stüler . Under King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. An important sphere of activity opened up for him, in 1842 he was appointed architect of the king . He is one of the founders of the Berlin Architects' Association .

In the overall conception of his church buildings (for example in the form of basilica and campanile ), Stüler went into the ideas of Friedrich Wilhelm IV, who was influenced by his first trip to Italy in 1828 and inspired by Johann Friedrich Cotta in 1822–1828 Munich-edited engraving monuments of the Christian religion, recorded by the architects J. G. Gutensohn and J. M. Knapp , tried to implement forms of antiquity and renaissance in the "Prussian Arcadia ".

The king also saw a way out of (church) political problems in the return to early Christian motifs, the early church and its liturgy. As the Campanile of the Roman church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin for the Potsdam Peace Church served as a direct model, there are other examples of this kind. Stüler took over in the execution of Peace Church after the death of Ludwig Persius the top construction management . Through his joint trip to Italy with Friedrich Wilhelm IV in the winter of 1858/1859 (as well as with Eduard Knoblauch in 1829/1830), Stüler himself was influenced by the buildings of the Italian Middle Ages and Quattrocento . Ideas for cast-iron pillars (e.g. used in the chapel of the cathedral candidate monastery) or the techniques used in the Neues Museum are more likely to go back to his study trip to Great Britain initiated by the king in 1842 . The classic shape of the early Christian basilica with a raised central nave and lower side aisles, the semicircular apse in the east and an atrium in front of the narthex in the west is, for example, essentially implemented in the Berliner Domkandidatenstift on Oranienburger Strasse .

Models varying more or less freely, the shape of the detached bell tower can be found at Stüler on some of his church buildings for Berlin, including the St. Jacobi Church on Oranienstrasse, built in 1844–1845 . Located along the street with the rectory and school building on the atrium, the brick building also gives a vague impression of the appearance of the cathedral candidate monastery, which was destroyed in the Second World War. Only externally restored, the interior redesigned in the 1950s by Paul Emmerich and his son Jürgen Emmerich no longer conveys the “early Christian spirit” on which the design based on the model of Santi Quattro Coronati in Rome was originally based.

Comparable, since it was redesigned by the same architects after the war, is the St. Matthew Church at today's Kulturforum in Berlin-Tiergarten, which Stüler started in the same year as the St. Jacobi Church. Commissioned directly by a church building association in the neighborhood, Stüler broke away from purist models there, based the roof shape more on Gdansk churches and incorporated the tower into the central nave, also due to the limited space.

Other churches are Stüler, next to the destroyed and for the construction of the Stalin Allee worn Mark's Church , the 1854-1858 at the king's gate near the Friedrichshain, built St. Bartholomew Church (obtained externally with no more three times parted roof), the Church of St. Peter and Paul auf Nikolskoe (already 1834–1837 with Albert Dietrich Schadow ), the Trinity Church in Cologne, consecrated in 1860, and numerous village churches such as the one at Stölpchensee (1858–1859).

The neo - Gothic church of St. Bartholomew in particular shows that Stüler can also be described as the architect of the transition, namely between classicism and historicism . In his extensions to the Johanniskirche in Berlin-Moabit (portico, parish and schoolhouse with arcade connection and free-standing bell tower) as an addition to one of Schinkel's suburban churches in Berlin , Stüler again demonstrated the principle favored by the king and proved to be a “worthy successor “Of his teacher, although he himself rejected the student's label, which is still used today.

On the other hand, Stüler's plans for the new construction of the Berlin Cathedral were not realized , in addition to the further construction of the Cologne Cathedral, one of the "affairs of the heart" of Friedrich Wilhelm IV. So the foundation of the apse in the Spree, had already begun before Wilhelm I had the plans of his brother, who had now slept, stopped ten years later after the first halts as a result of the revolution in 1848.

In a speech at the Schinkel Festival in 1861, Stüler said of the collaboration with the king: “With ... most buildings, the king was not content with just setting tasks to the artist and leaving them to his talent, he urged him to participate most actively the processing, if not for the management of the same. So he loved to sketch the basic idea of ​​the buildings to be executed, more or less worked out, on a small scale himself and to entrust the further elaboration to the architect. "

Hohenzollern Castle near Hechingen

The reconstruction of Hohenzollern Castle near Hechingen from 1850 onwards can be seen as a special prestige object . The order for this was given to him by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In 1844, and Stüler laid down the planning and execution in his own paper in 1867. It is the ancestral castle of the dynasty of the same name, from which the Prussian kings arose. Two thirds of the commissioning and financing came from the Prussian royal family and one third from the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . Parallel to this work, Stüler also made the plans for the Protestant parish church of St. Johannes in Hechingen (completed in 1857).

Stüler's grave in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery in Berlin

More Berlin secular buildings in Stüler work are commonly referred to as " Stülerbauten " Guard barracks designated the Gardes du Corps -Regiments opposite the Charlottenburg Palace , which as part of its overall plans for the Museum Island resulting New Museum and executed after his death by Johann Heinrich Strack Old National Gallery - in the words of Friedrich Wilhelm IV. An "aesthetic church". As the king's architect, Stüler also designed the dome of the city palace.

One of Stüler's closest collaborators was the “court carpenter” Georg Sievers , son-in-law of Schinkel's preferred court carpenter Karl Wanschaff and grandfather of the well-known Schinkel researcher and art historian Johannes Sievers .

Other buildings by Stülers are the Old Stock Exchange on Paulsplatz in Frankfurt am Main (1843), several magnificent complexes in the Park of Sanssouci , the Nikolaikirche in Potsdam, the Luther House in Wittenberg , the completion of the Grand Ducal Palace in Schwerin , the new building of the Albertus University in Königsberg am Paradeplatz, the tower of St. Mary's Church in his hometown Mühlhausen as well as the neo-Gothic spire of the castle tower in Königsberg , the Swedish National Museum in Stockholm and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest. He also provided a lot of decorative drawings for castings, porcelain vessels, silver work and other handicrafts.

In addition to being awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1858, Stüler became a member of the Prussian order Pour le Mérite for science and the arts on August 17 of the same year . In 1864 he was accepted as a foreign member of the Paris Académie des Beaux-Arts .

From 1849 until his death, Stüler was one of the directors of the Berlin Building Academy .

Stüler's grave - today an honorary grave of the city of Berlin - is located in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities in the CAL, G2 department. At Stüler named after him reminded Stülerstraße in Berlin's government district. In his hometown Mühlhausen there has also been a Stülerstraße since 1887. In 2012 the Friends of the Mühlhausen Museums awarded the “Friedrich-August-Stüler-Förderpreis” for the first time for scientific projects that support the work of the Mühlhausen museums.

Berlin street sign of Stülerstraße with dedication

family

Stüler married Caroline von Mieg (1807–1880) in Aschaffenburg in 1834 , the daughter of the Bavarian diplomat and politician Arnold Friedrich von Mieg (1778–1842) and niece of Philippine Stüler (1784–1862). The marriage resulted in three daughters and four sons, one of whom died early.

  • Elisabeth (1840–1905)
  • Arnold (1841–1914), architect in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Posen and Koblenz, post office building officer, secret senior building officer
  • Marie (1844–1913), painter
  • Hermann (1846–1914), architect in Berlin, entomologist
  • Therese (1847–1928), painter, singer, pianist, married to Hermann Martin Müller (1838–1901), architect in Berlin (grandson: Dietrich Müller-Stüler )
  • Franz (1852–1943), doctor in Niemegk (Belzig district) and Berlin, secret medical adviser

The sons Arnold, Hermann and Franz were married to three daughters of the mill engineer and the first rector of the Technical University of Berlin Hermann Wiebe .

plant

Buildings and designs

Stolzenfels Castle near Koblenz
So-called. Stüler building of the Breslauer Schloss (burned out 1945, demolished after 1970)
St. John's Church in Memel
Orangery in Potsdam
Academy of Sciences, Budapest
Ruin of Broock Castle in Western Pomerania
Church in Fehrbellin
Church in Caputh
Mehlauken Church

Fonts

  • Template sheets for furniture makers. published together with Heinrich Strack in four issues from 1835–1840
  • The New Museum in Berlin. Berlin 1862 ( digitized , edoc HU-Berlin)

Individual works by Stülers were published in the architectural sketchbook without an explanatory text . a .:

  • Lattice around the statue of Friedrich Wilhelm III. in the Tiergarten , volume 1, sheet 6
  • Bay window of a residential building on Askanischer Platz , booklet 34, sheet 4
  • Candelabra from Schwerin Castle , booklet 21, sheet 6

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich August Stüler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Woldemar Hermann, Eckhart Schleinitz (ed.), Michael Schleinitz (ed.): Diary of my sphere of activity in architecture . Verlag Notschriften, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 978-3-933753-88-5 , p. 22.
  2. ↑ Minkels, p. 67, note 343
  3. ^ RIBA - Royal Gold Medalists. (PDF; 107 KBytes) RIBA, archived from the original on November 26, 2009 ; Retrieved May 14, 2010 . Reconstructed via Royal Gold Medal. RIBA, archived from the original on November 26, 2009 ; Retrieved May 14, 2010 .
  4. ↑ The Order Pour le Mérite for Science and the Arts. The members. Volume I, Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1975, page 206.
  5. ↑ Jens Hiersemann: Mühlhausen street names then and now. 2004, p. 84.
  6. ↑ Iris Henning: Novelty for the Mühlhausen Culture Night. In: Mühlhäuser Allgemeine from June 8, 2012
  7. ^ Eva Börsch-Supan:  Stüler, Friedrich August. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-428-11206-7 , pp. 627-629 ( digitized version ).
  8. ^ Lehmann, Meyer: Rügen AZ . Wähmann-Verlag, Schwerin, 1976, p. 88
  9. ↑ stadtentwicklung.berlin.de ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
  10. ^ Hans E. Pappenheim: The Joachim Friedrich memorial near Grünau. In: The Bear of Berlin. Berlin 1965, pp. 195-224. ( online at diegeschichteberlins.de)
  11. ↑ Steffen Orgas: Friedrich August Stüler and his work for Anklam - The rediscovery of the “poor and work house at Anclam” . In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania . Born in 2009. Schwerin 2010, p. 17-22 .
  12. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the Brandenburg register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
  13. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from February 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
  14. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the Brandenburg register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
  15. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the Brandenburg register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
  16. ↑ marienkirche-chojna.de
  17. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the Brandenburg register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
  18. ↑ Expert opinion , Im Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , No. 47, November 22, 1884, p. 483, accessed on January 3, 2013
  19. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the Brandenburg register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
  20. ^ Franz-Severin Gäßler: Berlin elegance on the edge of the rough Alb. The Protestant town church in Sigmaringen - the work of the architect Friedrich August Stüler. In: Hohenzollerische Heimat 62nd year 2012, No. 3, pp. [49] - 57.
  21. ↑ Website of the parish about their church ( memento of the original from February 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last accessed December 5, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-altentreptow.de
  22. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Entry in the Brandenburg register of monuments @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis-bldam-brandenburg.de
personal data
SURNAME Stüler, Friedrich August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and Prussian building officer
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Mühlhausen / Thuringia
DATE OF DEATH March 18, 1865
Place of death Berlin