Tuileries Garden
The Jardin des Tuileries ( German Tuileries Garden ) is a French-style former baroque palace park near the Louvre in Paris .
The park extends from the Place de la Concorde in the west to the Louvre in the east and is bordered by the right bank of the Seine in the south and by Rue de Rivoli in the north .
history
At the time of the construction of the Palais des Tuileries , which burned down in 1871, on its west side for the French queen of Italian origin Catherine de Medici , the Great Garden was initially laid out in the style of the Italian Renaissance and was first mentioned in a document in 1564. It was thus the private garden of the queens and kings. Since then, his garden history developed along the taste of the rulers until the revolution:
- Garden of Catherine de Medici (garden manager Bernard de Carnessequi)
- Henry IV's garden (garden manager Jean Le Nôtre)
- Garden of Louis XIII. and
- Garden of Louis XIV (phase by André Le Nôtre )
An ideal plan by the Louvre architect Philibert Delorme , who died in 1570, is shown at du Cerceau . Under the direction of the garden manager of the Tuileries from Florence, Bernard de Carnessequi, the gardeners Pierre de Villers, Bastien Tarquin and Pierre Le Nôtre created the approximately 15- hectare complex until 1578 , divided by six longitudinal avenues with sycamore, elm and spruce as well as eight crossways. Fruit trees, saffron and kitchen plants grew in the quarters. In 1567 the Medici Fountain was built, which received its water from an aqueduct from Saint-Cloud . In 1570/71 a labyrinth and a grotto by Bernard Palissy were created , which no longer exist.
Heinrich IV had the first redesign made from 1594. Pierre Le Nôtre worked on the parterres based on designs by Claude Mollet , while André Tarquin designed the tree gardens. In 1599 1,000 avenue trees were bought and mulberry plantations were established. The royal monogram H was depicted in the parterres. In 1605 an almost 600 m long arcade was built on the north side. 1602-08, a pumping station was built on the Seine to water the garden, which caused a sensation under the name Samaritaine . In this context, the Great Basin was built in 1607 . In 1609 the ground floor was modernized again by Jean Le Nôtre. It now consisted only of letter fields .
According to the so-called Great Plan, a new garden was laid out in 1600 on the east side of the palace, where a small garden had already been located in 1575, which consisted of eight square ground floor fields around a bowl fountain and served as a royal private garden. Here Claude Mollet laid out the Parterres, which were published in 1600 by Olivier de Serres . This garden is also shown on the title page by Daniel Rabel (1630).
Under Louis XIV , the next redesign was carried out by the garden architect André Le Nôtre on the instructions of the Minister Colbert . From 1666 to 1672 he laid a terrace on the west side of the palace, where there was a street up until then. He also redesigned the ground floor, with the large Grand Bassin Rond fountain with an outer diameter of 40 meters being arranged in the central axis and the two smaller fountains being created on the side. According to plans by André Le Nôtre, the middle path was widened to a wide avenue of chestnut trees. At the western end of the garden, the large octagonal pool, Bassin Octogonal, was created with a diameter of 60 meters (70 meters across the outer corners) and the horseshoe-shaped ramps Fer à Cheval , which led up to the large terrace that surrounded the garden there.
Fencing competitions were held in the Tuileries Gardens during the 1900 Summer Olympics . In the course of the renovation of the Louvre , initiated by François Mitterrand in 1981 , the Tuileries Garden was restored and, as far as possible, returned to its 17th century state.
In its western area, the former orangery and the former ballroom Jeu de Paume from the mid-19th century have been preserved. The Orangery houses the Musée de l'Orangerie with works of Impressionism , Late Impressionism and the École de Paris , while the Ballhaus houses the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume for exhibitions of contemporary photography and video art .
The garden itself also houses works of art, including the Tree of Vowels by Giuseppe Penone , a replica of a fallen bronze tree.
The garden is the motif in Manet's painting Music in the Tuileries Garden (1862). Modest Mussorgsky was inspired to compose Pictures at an Exhibition in 1874 by looking at paintings. One of them showed the Tuileries Gardens.
Movie
- Europe's most beautiful parks. Paris: Jardin du Luxembourg and Tuileries. Documentary, Germany, 2016, 43:12 min., Script and director: Christian Schidlowski, production: a & o buero, ZDF , arte , series: Europe's most beautiful parks , first broadcast: February 20, 2017 on arte, summary by ARD .
literature
- Gabriel Thouin : Plans raisonnés de toutes les espèces de jardins . C. Tchou-Bibliothèque des introuvables, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-84575-209-1 (reprint of the Lebègue edition, Paris 1820).
- Geneviève Bresc-Bautier, Denis Caget, Emmanuel Jacquin: Jardins du Carrousel et des Tuileries. Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-7118-3391-7 .
Web links
Competition venues for the 1900 Summer Olympics
Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 50 " N , 2 ° 19 ′ 34" E