Building cleaners

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The official trade mark of the building cleaning trade
historical handicraft coat of arms of the building cleaners

The occupation of the building cleaner or the Gebäudereinigers is a recognized in Germany and Austria apprenticeship in the craft (see. Cleaner ). In Austria this trade is called monument, facade and building cleaning . The three-year in-company training is completed with a theoretical and a practical test. In Austria, the profession of building cleaner is learned through the apprenticeship in cleaning technology . The apprenticeship training in Austria takes 3 years as a dual training . In 2015, sales in building cleaning in Austria amounted to 1.4 billion euros.

job profile

The job description of the building cleaner includes the cleaning of interiors, facades and other outdoor areas of buildings of all kinds. With the term cleaning, which is ambiguous in different contexts , here (in contrast to, for example, ritual cleaning) the freeing of rooms and surfaces from physical dirt , Rubbish and pollution of almost any kind meant. Other tasks can be added, such as B. the maintenance of surfaces. Building cleaners are also used to clean vehicles, especially public transport with passenger compartments (e.g. trains, buses, passenger ships).

history

Cleaning services icon image

The history of the building cleaning trade goes back to the 17th century. After the Thirty Years' War in northern Germany, so-called wall and wagon washers, packed with brushes, brooms , ladders and buckets, moved into the cities to clean facades.

Cleaning work has certainly always been part of human activity. The building cleaning trade, however, cannot be derived from the so-called car washers, who appeared in northern Germany after the Thirty Years War and also offered facade cleaning, nor from the employees in the tradition of classic service personnel. The trade of building cleaning in its current form did not emerge until the beginning of industrialization in Germany in the 19th century. After the Belgian chemist and entrepreneur Ernest Solvay opened up this building material to broad sections of the population through inexpensive glass production, the prerequisites for commercial glass cleaning were created. In 1878 the Frenchman Marius Moussy founded his French cleaning institute in Berlin . The company dealt exclusively with glass cleaning. Former Moussy employees soon went into business for themselves and founded other cleaning institutes in other cities. From this point on, the glass cleaning business grew steadily. The flourishing of industry in Wilhelminian-style Germany led to the construction of large commercial buildings, administration buildings, train stations and ministries with huge natural stone facades and massive windows.

The first facade cleaning with the help of a mechanical ladder was carried out in Frankfurt am Main in 1888 .

In 1901 the entrepreneurs founded a professional organization, the Association of Cleaning Institute Entrepreneurs in Germany . The initiator was the Göttingen publisher Ernst Kelterborn, who in April 1901 published the first trade journal Internationales Centralblatt for cleaning institutes and related branches of business . In the statutes, the association provided for the establishment of "Gauen and local groups" - the forerunners of the state guild associations and guilds. Individual entrepreneurs demanded that cleaning activities be recognized as a craft.

During the First World War between 1914 and 1918, almost all male workers in the cleaning trade were drafted into the army or obliged to work in companies important to the defense industry. They were replaced by women who worked as plant managers and glass cleaners. During the war the association ceased its activities.

In 1920, the "Association of Cleaning Institute Entrepreneurs of Southern Germany" was founded in southwest Germany and the West German Association of Cleaning Entrepreneurs in the west . The first guild for the glass cleaning trade was founded in Hanover . By the beginning of the Third Reich , another 381 guilds had been established, such as the Free Guild Kiel in 1926; Free Guild Düsseldorf 1926 or the Free Guild Stuttgart 1927.

In 1929 the Reich Association of Glass and Building Cleaning Guilds was founded. Six regional associations belonged to the association: West German Cleaning Entrepreneurs Association and the respective associations of cleaning institute entrepreneurs in Southern Germany, Northern Germany, Eastern Germany, Saxony and Central Germany.

On January 30, 1933, the National Socialists took power and reorganized the trade by introducing compulsory guilds. All craftsmen were obliged to join a guild. On June 30, 1934, the government issued a list of the trades to which this provision applied. The building cleaners were also listed here and thus recognized as “craftsmen” throughout the empire. The guilds were "brought into line", i. In other words, the majority of the board had to consist of members of the NSDAP . After the nationwide recognition as a craft, the Reich Association of Glass and Building Cleaning Guilds was dissolved.

The profession of building cleaner has been officially recognized as a trade since 1934 and has been training building cleaners and masters ever since. The building cleaner receives a journeyman's certificate after three years of training / examination . Then he can take a master craftsman's examination, which is no longer mandatory today in order to set up a business.

Around 2600 companies in Germany alone, some of which have existed for more than 100 years, have come together in guilds. Since the amendment of the craft regulations , no training is required to become self-employed as a building cleaner. A direct consequence was an increase in the number of companies from 7000 (2003) to the last 35,636 on June 30, 2010. The master companies of the guilds also see their task in counteracting this development and strengthening the reputation of the building cleaning trade through professional services.

The ten building service providers with the highest turnover in Germany

The main areas of activity of the largest building service providers often include the following areas of building management: plant / machine cleaning, outdoor plant cleaning, facade cleaning, glass cleaning, large kitchen cleaning, green area maintenance, industrial cleaning, hospital cleaning, clean room cleaning, maintenance cleaning, solar cleaning, winter services, catering / food services, security services, caretaker services and pest control.

Companies Seat founding year Employees
2016 in DE		 Sales
2016 in DE
Dussmann Foundation & Co. KGaA Berlin 1963 33,409 1,321 million euros
Wisag Facility Service is part of Aveco Holding AG Frankfurt am Main 1965 31,141 1016 million euros
Gegenbauer Holding SE & Co. KG Berlin 1925 17,000 655 million euros
Sodexo Services GmbH Ruesselsheim 1958 12,300 630 million euros
Klüh Service Management Dusseldorf 1911 19,687 589 million euros
Kötter Services eat 1934 18,900 545 million euros
Piepenbrock group of companies Osnabrück 1913 26,069 503 million euros
ISS Facility Services Holding , is part of Integrated Service Solutions Dusseldorf 1960 8,522 332 million euros
Lattemann & Geiger service group Dietmannsried 1969 12,292 268 million euros
Götz Group regensburg 1949 13.114 233 million euros

further education

As "classic" further training options after the apprenticeship training, building cleaners have the following alternatives for further training:

  • master
  • Retail trade bachelor's degree in food, nutrition
  • Retail trade bachelor's degree in hygiene
  • Facility Management Bachelor
  • Master Facility Design and Management
  • General Service Manager (FHM)

The master craftsman in the building cleaning trade represents the classic further qualification. Although with the last change in the craft regulations the compulsory mastery in the building cleaning trade has fallen, the master craftsman's certificate is still very popular. Qualified further education is now more than ever necessary in order to be able to run a company economically or to get into responsible management positions. That is why the master craftsman's certificate is the key with which new paths and possibilities open up.

With the master's title, however, the master building cleaner also has other options. The master craftsman's certificate entitles you to study industrial engineering with a focus on cleaning and hygiene management / technology, even without proof of university entrance qualification.

Course content of the preparatory examination for master building cleaning:

Part I: Professional practice

  • Laboratory exercises
  • Technical practical exercises

Part II: Technical Theory

Part III: Economics and Law

Part IV: Vocational / Work Pedagogy

  • Legal bases for vocational training
  • Planning and implementation of the training

Examination process

The master craftsman's examination consists of four independent examination parts:

  • Part I: Practical examination (master craftsman examination and work sample)
  • Part II: Technical Theory
  • Part III: Economics and Law
  • Part IV: Vocational and Work Education

Fields of work

Building cleaners
Building cleaners on a high-rise in Leipzig

The profession of building cleaner includes a. following work areas:

and many more. Although building cleaners are mainly required for cleaning work in real estate, the area of ​​responsibility also includes measures around real estate. In the course of a building cleaning, in addition to activities on and in the building, there are also cleaning of building site access roads. Depending on the activity, a distinction is made between building construction cleaning, interim and final cleaning.

To do this, he needs special expertise to remove dirt (matter in the wrong place).

The training to become a building cleaner imparts knowledge of

  • environmental Protection
  • chemistry
  • Material science
  • Operation of cleaning machines
  • Handling scaffolding, working platforms and access systems
  • Basic cleaning and coating of floor coverings
  • Carpet shampooing
  • Glass and facade cleaning
  • Maintenance cleaning
  • Intermediate cleaning process
  • Transportation cleaning
  • Disinfection measures
  • preventive pest control

Many building cleaning companies also offer their customers facility management , i.e. complete maintenance of the building. This also includes:

  • Collection and delivery services
  • Winter service
  • Garden maintenance
  • Caretaker service
  • Depending on the location of the property, also the elevator car rescue

However, these fields of activity are not part of the job description of the building cleaner.

In the vocational school , special knowledge is imparted and a. in

minimum wage

On March 9, 2007, the German Bundestag decided to include the building cleaning industry in the provisions of the Posted Workers Act . The (2005) 848,000 industrial workers were entitled to a collectively agreed minimum wage which the employers and IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt agreed up to and including February 2008 at 7.87 euros per hour in West Germany and 6.36 euros in East Germany.

The collectively agreed minimum wage was increased by 3.5 percent in 2008, which IG Bau and the employers agreed on in their collective bargaining for the building cleaning trade in mid-August 2007. The new collective agreement was signed by both sides on September 7, 2007 and was originally supposed to come into force on January 1, 2008. Due to a veto by the Federal Ministry of Economics, the minimum wage for building cleaners, which has only been in effect since March 1, 2008, is 8.15 euros in West Germany and 6.58 euros in East Germany. This expired on October 1, 2009.

To enforce a new minimum wage, IG BAU went on strike in autumn , at the end of which the parties to the collective bargaining agreement agreed on new minimum wages. According to the collective agreement of October 29, 2009, the minimum wage for employees in interior cleaning is EUR 8.40 in the west and EUR 6.83 in the east, the minimum wage for employees in glass and facade cleaning is EUR 11.13 in the west and EUR 8, 66 euros in the east. These wages became generally binding minimum wages by an ordinance from March 10, 2010. As of January 1, 2011, these rates will increase to 8.55 euros (interior cleaning west) or 7.00 euros (interior cleaning east) and 11.33 euros (glass and facade cleaning west) or 8.88 euros (glass cleaning and facade cleaning east). On January 1, 2014, the minimum wage 1 in the west rises to 9.31 euros, on January 1, 2015 to 9.55, in the east it is 7.96 euros on January 1, 2014 and 9.55 euros on January 1, 2015 . The minimum wage 2 in the west will increase on January 1, 2014 to EUR 12.33, and on January 1, 2015 to EUR 12.65; in the east it rises to 10.31 euros on January 1, 2014 and to 10.63 euros from January 1, 2015.

With warning strikes across Germany, the building cleaners organized in IG BAU demanded the introduction of a Christmas bonus for their industry in November 2018 .

Collective wages in building cleaning in Germany
Date of the collective agreement Validity period Amount of the standard wage per hour of
interior cleaning (wage group 1) 		Amount of the collective wage per hour of
glass and facade cleaning (wage group 6)
East Germany West Germany East Germany West Germany
March 9, 2007 until February 28, 2008 6.36 euros 7.87 euros
September 7, 2007 March 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009 6.58 euros 8.15 euros 7.84-8.34 euros 10.80 euros
October 29, 2009 March 10, 2010 to December 31, 2010 6.83 euros 8.40 euros 8.66 euros 11.13 euros
October 29, 2009 January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 7.00 euros 8.55 euros 8.88 euros 11.33 euros
23 August 2011 January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 7.33 euros 8.82 euros 8.88 euros 11.33 euros
23 August 2011 January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 7.56 euros 9.00 euros 9.00 euros 11.33 euros
June 20, 2013 January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 7.96 euros 9.31 euros 10.31 euros 12.33 euros
July 8, 2014 January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 8.50 euros 9.55 euros 10.63 euros 12.65 euros
October 30, 2015 from January 1, 2016 8.70 euros 9.80 euros 11.10 euros 12.98 euros
October 30, 2015 from January 1, 2017 9.05 euros 10.00 euros 11.53 euros 13.25 euros
November 10, 2017 from January 1, 2018 9.55 euros 10.30 euros 12.18 euros 13.55 euros
November 10, 2017 from January 1, 2019 10.05 euros 10.56 euros 12.83 euros 13.82 euros
November 10, 2017 from January 1, 2020 10.55 euros 10.80 euros 13.50 euros 14.10 euros
November 10, 2017 from December 1, 2020

Nationwide

10.80 euros 14.10 euros

See also

literature

  • Entrepreneur: The company . In: Der Spiegel . No. 8 , 2008 ( online - result change HWO).

Web links

Austria:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ § 1 of the Building Cleaner Training Ordinance of June 28, 2019 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 892 )
  2. ↑ Master Builders Ordinance (GebrMstrV)
  3. ↑ Job and branch information from the job and branch information of the Austrian Chamber of Commerce
  4. ↑ Facility Management: Building cleaners with a clean increase in turnover. extrajournal, March 8, 2016
  5. ↑ Recognized craft
  6. ↑ From the intermediate cleaning to the final cleaning of the building - the different stages of a building cleaning. Retrieved January 4, 2018 .
  7. ↑ according to the industrial cleaning trade, http://www.gebaeudereiniger.de/926.html
  8. ↑ Collective agreement regulating minimum wages for commercial employees in building cleaning in the Federal Republic of Germany from October 9, 2007 ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zoll.de
  9. ↑ Collective agreement regulating minimum wages for commercial employees in building cleaning in the Federal Republic of Germany (TV minimum wage) of October 29, 2009, generally binding since March 10, 2010 by the Second Ordinance on Compulsory Working Conditions in Building Cleaning of March 3, 2010, Federal Gazette Issue No. 37 of March 9, 2010, p. 951.
  10. ↑ Second ordinance on mandatory working conditions in building cleaning from March 3, 2010.
  11. ^ Strike: Building cleaners want Christmas bonus. In: tagesschau.de. Accessed November 19, 2018 (German).
  12. ↑ a b c d applicable building cleaning work conditions ordinance